Liste des plus grandes villes

Les Nations Unies utilisent trois définitions pour ce qui constitue une ville, car toutes les villes de toutes les juridictions ne sont pas classées selon les mêmes critères. Les villes peuvent être définies comme les villes proprement dites , l’étendue de leur zone urbaine ou leurs régions métropolitaines . La plus grande ville en termes de population en utilisant la définition propre de la ville, qui est la zone sous les limites administratives d’un gouvernement local, est Chongqing , en Chine . Tokyo , Japon _ _ _. La plus grande ville en termes de population utilisant la définition de la zone urbaine , qui est un terme vague faisant référence à une zone contiguë avec une certaine densité de population, est également Tokyo, au Japon.

Définitions

Ville proprement dite (administrative)

Wikimédia | © OpenStreetMap La municipalité de Chongqing , en Chine , dont la zone administrative est d’ environ la taille de l ‘ Autriche , a la plus grande population pour une ville proprement dite . Cependant, plus de 70% de ses habitants vivent en milieu rural .

Une ville peut être définie par ses limites administratives ( ville proprement dite ). L’UNICEF définit la ville proprement dite comme “la population vivant dans les limites administratives d’une ville ou contrôlée directement depuis la ville par une autorité unique”. Une ville proprement dite est une localité définie selon des frontières juridiques ou politiques et un statut urbain reconnu par l’administration qui se caractérise généralement par une certaine forme de gouvernement local . ^{[1] [2] [3]} Les villes proprement dites et leurs limites et les données démographiques peuvent ne pas inclure les banlieues. ^[4]

L’utilisation de la ville proprement dite telle que définie par les limites administratives peut ne pas inclure les zones suburbaines où vit une proportion importante de la population travaillant ou étudiant dans la ville. ^[4] En raison de cette définition, le chiffre de la population proprement dite de la ville peut différer considérablement du chiffre de la population de la zone urbaine, car de nombreuses villes sont des fusions de municipalités plus petites (Australie), et inversement, de nombreuses villes chinoises gouvernent des territoires qui s’étendent bien au-delà du traditionnel ” ville proprement dite” en zones suburbaines et rurales. ^[5] La municipalité chinoise de Chongqing , qui revendique la plus grande ville proprement dite du monde, comprend une vaste zone administrative de 82 403 km ² , soit environ la taille de l’ Autriche .. Cependant, plus de 70 % de ses 30 millions d’habitants sont en réalité des travailleurs agricoles vivant en milieu rural . ^{[6] [7]}

Zone urbaine

Une ville peut être définie comme une zone urbaine conditionnellement contiguë , sans tenir compte des frontières territoriales ou autres à l’intérieur d’une zone urbaine. L’UNICEF définit la zone urbaine comme suit :

La définition d'”urbain” varie d’un pays à l’autre et, avec une reclassification périodique, peut également varier au sein d’un même pays au fil du temps, ce qui rend les comparaisons directes difficiles. Une zone urbaine peut être définie par un ou plusieurs des éléments suivants : des critères administratifs ou des frontières politiques (par exemple, une zone relevant de la compétence d’une municipalité ou d’un comité municipal), un seuil de taille de la population (où le minimum pour une agglomération urbaine se situe généralement dans la région de 2 000 habitants, bien que celle-ci varie globalement entre 200 et 50 000), la densité de la population, la fonction économique (par exemple, lorsqu’une majorité importante de la population n’est pas principalement engagée dans l’agriculture, ou lorsqu’il y a un excédent d’emploi) ou la présence de caractéristiques urbaines (par exemple, rues pavées, éclairage électrique, égouts).

Selon Demographia , une zone urbaine est une masse terrestre de développement urbain construite en permanence qui se trouve dans un marché du travail (zone métropolitaine ou région métropolitaine) et ne contient pas de terres rurales . ^[8]

Zone métropolitaine

Tokyo est largement considérée comme la plus grande ville du monde (par zone urbaine et zone métropolitaine). L’image satellite montre que son urbanisation a dépassé les limites de sa ville .

Une ville peut être définie par les habitants de sa population démographique , comme par zone métropolitaine , ou zone de marché du travail . L’UNICEF définit la zone métropolitaine comme suit :

Une zone officielle de gouvernement local comprenant la zone urbaine dans son ensemble et ses principales zones de banlieue, généralement formée autour d’une ville avec une grande concentration de personnes (c’est-à-dire une population d’au moins 100 000). En plus de la ville proprement dite, une zone métropolitaine comprend à la fois le territoire environnant avec des niveaux urbains de densité résidentielle et certaines zones supplémentaires à faible densité qui sont adjacentes et liées à la ville (par exemple, par des transports fréquents, des liaisons routières ou des installations de navettage) .

Dans de nombreux pays, les aires métropolitaines sont établies soit avec une organisation officielle, soit uniquement à des fins statistiques. Aux États-Unis, la zone statistique métropolitaine (MSA) est définie par le Bureau américain de la gestion et du budget (OMB) à des fins statistiques. ^[9] Aux Philippines, les zones métropolitaines ont une agence officielle, comme la Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) qui gère la zone métropolitaine de Manille . ^[10] Des agences similaires existent en Indonésie telles que l’Agence de coopération au développement de Jabodetabekjur pour la zone métropolitaine de Jakarta . ^[11]

Lister

Il y a 81 villes avec une population de plus de 5 millions d’habitants selon les estimations des Nations Unies de 2018. Les chiffres de l’ONU sont un mélange de ville proprement dite, de zone métropolitaine et de zone urbaine. Plusieurs villes telles que Jakarta et Séoul ont des chiffres de population métropolitaine/urbaine nettement plus importants qui sont exclus des données de l’ONU. ^[12]

• Tokyo compte 39 millions d’habitants (zone urbaine)

• Jakarta a une population de 35 millions (zone urbaine)

• Chongqing a une population de 32 millions (ville proprement dite)

• Delhi a une population de 31,87 millions d’habitants (zone urbaine)

• Séoul compte 25,51 millions d’habitants (zone métropolitaine)

• Mumbai a une population de 24 millions d’habitants (région métropolitaine)

• Manille a une population de 23,97 millions (zone urbaine)

Ville [un]	Pays	Estimations démographiques 2018 de l’ONU [b]	Ville proprement dite [c]	Zone métropolitaine [d]	Zone urbaine [8]
Définition	Population	Superficie (km 2 )	Densité (/km 2 )	Population	Superficie (km 2 )	Densité (/km 2 )	Population	Superficie (km 2 )	Densité (/km 2 )
Tokyo	Japon	37 468 000	Préfecture de Métropole	13 515 271	2 191	6 169 [13]	37 274 000	13 452	2 771 [14]	39 105 000	8 231	4 751 [e]
Delhi	Inde	28 514 000	Capitale	16 753 235	1 484	11 289 [15]	29 000 000	3 483	8 326 [16]	31 870 000	2 233	14 272 [f]
Shanghaï	Chine	25 582 000	Municipalité	24 870 895	6 341	3 922 [17] [18]	N / A	N / A	N / A	22 118 000	4 069	5 436 [g]
São Paulo	Brésil	21 650 000	Municipalité	12 252 023	1 521	8 055 [19]	21 734 682	7 947	2 735 [20]	22 495 000	3 237	6 949 [h]
Mexico	Mexique	21 581 000	Cité-État	9 209 944	1 485	6 202 [21]	21 804 515	7 866	2 772 [22]	21 505 000	2 385	9 017
Caire	Egypte	20 076 000	Gouvernorat urbain	9 500 000	3 085	3 079 [23]	N / A	N / A	N / A	19 787 000	2 010	9 844
Bombay	Inde	19 980 000	Municipalité	12 478 447	603	20 694 [24]	24 400 000	4 355	5 603 [25]	22 186 000	1 008	22 010 [26] [i]
Pékin	Chine	19 618 000	Municipalité	21 893 095	16 411	1 334 [17] [18]	N / A	N / A	N / A	19 437 000	4 172	4 659
Dacca	Bengladesh	19 578 000	Capitale	8 906 039	338	26 349 [27] [28]	14 543 124 [29]	N / A	N / A	16 839 000	456	36 928
Osaka	Japon	19 281 000	Ville désignée	2 725 006	225	12 111 [13]	19 303 000	13 228	1 459 [14]	15 490 000	3 020	5 129 [j]
New York	États-Unis	18 819 000	Ville	8 804 190	778	11 316 [30]	20 140 470	12 093	1 665 [31]	23 582 649	34 493	684 [k]
Karachi	Pakistan	15 400 000	Ville métropolitaine	14 910 352	3 530	4 224 [32] [33]	16 051 521	3 780	4 246 [34]	15 292 000	1 044	14 648 [35]
Buenos Aires	Argentine	14 967 000	Ville autonome	3 054 300	203	15 046 [36]	12 806 866 [37]	N / A	N / A	16 216 000	3 222	5 033
Chongqing	Chine	14 838 000	Municipalité	32 054 159	82 403	389 [38] [18]	N / A	N / A	N / A	8 261 000	1 536	5 378
Istanbul	Turquie	14 751 000	Municipalité métropolitaine	15 519 267	5 196	2 987 [39]	N / A	N / A	N / A	15 311 000	1 375	11 135
Calcutta	Inde	14 681 000	Municipalité	4 496 694	205	21 935 [40]	14 035 959	1 851	7 583 [41]	18 698 000	1 352	13 830 [42]
Manille	Philippines	13 482 000	Capitale	1 780 148	43	41 399 [43]	12 877 253	620	20 770 [43]	23 971 000	1 873	12 798 [l]
Lagos	Nigeria	13 463 000	S/O [m]	N / A	N / A	N / A	21 000 000	1 171	17 933 [44]	15 487 000	1 966	7 877
Rio de Janeiro	Brésil	13 293 000	Municipalité	6 520 000	1 221	5 340 [45]	12 644 321	5 327	2 374 [46]	12 486 000	2 020	6 181
Tianjin	Chine	13 215 000	Municipalité	13 866 009	11 920	1 163 [17] [18]	N / A	N / A	N / A	10 932 000	2 813	3 886
Kinshasa	RD Congo	13 171 000	Ville-province	11 462 000	9 965	1 150 [47]	N / A	N / A	N / A	15 056 000	466	32 309
Canton	Chine	12 638 000	Ville ( sous-provinciale )	14 498 400	7 434	1 950 [17]	N / A	N / A	N / A	21 489 000	4 341	4 950 [n]
Los Angeles	États-Unis	12 458 000	Ville	3 990 456	1 214	3 287 [30]	13 291 486	12 559	1 058 [48]	15 477 000	6 351	2 437
Moscou	Russie	12 410 000	Ville fédérale	13 200 000	2 511	5 257 [49] [50]	20 004 462 [51]	N / A	N / A	17 693 000	5 879	3 010
Shenzen	Chine	11 908 000	Ville ( sous-provinciale )	12 528 300	2 050	6 111 [17]	N / A	N / A	N / A	14 678 000	1 803	8 141
Lahore	Pakistan	11 738 000	Ville métropolitaine	11 126 000	1 772	6 279 [32]	N / A	N / A	N / A	11 148 000	852	13 085
Bangalore	Inde	11 440 000	Municipalité	8 443 675	709	11 909 [52]	N / A	N / A	N / A	13 999 000	1 204	11 627
Paris	France	10 901 000	commune	2 148 271	105	20 460 [53]	12 244 807	N / A	N / A	11 027 000	2 844	3 877
Bogota	Colombie	10 574 000	District de la capitale	7 963 000	1 587	5 018 [54]	12 545 272	5 934	2 114 [55]	9 274 000	562	16 502
Jakarta	Indonésie	10 517 000	Région spéciale de la capitale	10 154 134	664	15 292 [56]	33 430 285	7 063	4 733 [57]	35 362 000	3 541	9 986 [o]
Chennai	Inde	10 456 000	Municipalité	6 727 000	426	15 791 [58] [59]	N / A	N / A	N / A	11 564 000	1 085	10 658
Lima	Pérou	10 391 000	Municipalité métropolitaine	8 894 000	2 672	3 329 [60]	9 569 468	2 819	3 395 [61]	8 992 000	891	10 092
Bangkok	Thaïlande	10 156 000	Zone administrative spéciale	8 305 218	1 569	5 293 [62]	16 255 900	7 762	2 094 [63]	17 573 000	3 199	5 493 [64]
Séoul	Corée du Sud	9 963 000	Ville spéciale	10 013 781	605	16 208 [65]	25 514 000	11 704	2 180 [65]	22 394 000	2 769	8 087
Nagoya	Japon	9 507 000	Ville désignée	2 320 361	326	7 118 [13]	9 363 000	7 271	1 288 [14]	9 522 000	3 704	2 571
Hyderabad	Inde	9 482 000	Municipalité	6 993 262	650	10 759 [66] [67]	N / A	N / A	N / A	9 840 000	1 274	7 724
Londres	Royaume-Uni	9 046 000	Capitale	8 825 001	1 572	5 614 [68]	14 372 596 [69]	8 382	1 715	11 120 000	1 738	6 398
Téhéran	L’Iran	8 896 000	Capitale	9 033 003	751	12 028 [70] [71]	N / A	N / A	N / A	13 819 000	1 704	8 110
Chicago	États-Unis	8 864 000	Ville	2 746 388	589	4 663 [30]	9 618 502	18 640	516 [72]	9 013 000	7 006	1 286
Chengdu	Chine	8 813 000	Ville ( sous-provinciale )	16 044 700	14 378	1 116 [17]	N / A	N / A	N / A	11 920 000	1 829	6 517
Nankin	Chine	8 245 000	Ville ( sous-provinciale )	7 260 000	6 582	1 103 [73]	N / A	N / A	N / A	7 729 000	1 614	4 789
Wuhan	Chine	8 176 000	Ville ( sous-provinciale )	10 892 900	8 494	1 282 [17]	N / A	N / A	N / A	9 729 000	1 722	5 650
Ho Chi Minh-Ville	Viêt Nam	8 145 000	Municipalité	7 431 000	2 061	3 606 [74]	N / A	N / A	N / A	13 954 000	1 637	8 524
Luanda	Angola	7 774 000	Municipalité	2 165 867	116	18 671 [75]	N / A	N / A	N / A	8 883 000	1 005	8 839
Ahmedabad	Inde	7 681 000	Municipalité	5 570 585	464	12 006 [76]	6 300 000 [77]	N / A	N / A	7 717 000	360	21 436
Kuala Lumpur	Malaisie	7 564 000	Ville	1 768 000	243	7 276 [78]	7 200 000	2 793	2 578 [79]	8 639 000	2 163	3 994
Xi’an	Chine	7 444 000	Ville ( sous-provinciale )	8 989 000	10 135	887 [17]	N / A	N / A	N / A	7 090 000	1 093	6 487
Hong Kong	Chine	7 429 000	Région administrative spéciale	7 298 600	1 104	6 611 [80] [81]	N / A	N / A	N / A	7 398 000	290	25 510
Dongguan	Chine	7 360 000	Ville-préfecture	8 342 500	2 465	3 384 [17]	N / A	N / A	N / A	8 142 000	1 759	4 629
Hangzhou	Chine	7 236 000	Ville ( sous-provinciale )	9 468 000	16 596	570 [17]	N / A	N / A	N / A	6 713 000	1 445	4 646
Foshan	China	7,236,000	Prefecture-level city	7,197,394	3,848	1,870 [17]	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A[82]	N/A	N/A
Shenyang	China	6,921,000	City (sub-provincial)	8,294,000	12,980	639 [17]	N/A	N/A	N/A	7,208,000	1,515	4,758 [p]
Riyadh	Saudi Arabia	6,907,000	Municipality	6,694,000	1,913	3,499 [83]	N/A	N/A	N/A	6,889,000	1,673	4,118
Baghdad	Iraq	6,812,000	Urban governorate	8,126,755	5,200	1,563 [84]	N/A	N/A	N/A	6,107,000	694	8,800
Santiago	Chile	6,680,000	City (commune)	236,453	22	10,748 [85]	7,112,808	15,403	462 [86]	7,026,000	1,147	6,126
Surat	India	6,564,000	Municipality	4,466,826	327	13,660 [87]	N/A	N/A	N/A	4,875,000	238	20,483
Madrid	Spain	6,497,000	Municipality	3,266,126	606	5,390 [88]	6,641,649	N/A	N/A	6,006,000	1,365	4,400
Suzhou	China	6,339,000	Prefecture-level city	10,721,700	8,488	1,263 [17]	N/A	N/A	N/A	5,103,000	1,386	3,682
Pune	India	6,276,000	Municipality	3,124,458	276	11,321 [89]	7,276,000	7,256	1,003 [90]	7,948,000	650	12,228
Harbin	China	6,115,000	City (sub-provincial)	10,635,971	53,068	200 [17]	N/A	N/A	N/A	4,583,000	671	6,830
Houston	United States	6,115,000	City	2,325,502	1,553	1,497 [30]	6,997,384	21,395	327 [91]	6,529,000	4,931	1,324
Dallas	United States	6,099,000	City	1,345,047	882	1,525 [30]	7,470,158	22,463	333 [92]	6,960,000	5,278	1,319 [q]
Toronto	Canada	6,082,000	City	2,731,571	630	4,336 [93][94]	5,928,040	5,906	1,004 [95]	6,985,000	2,300	3,037
Dar es Salaam	Tanzania	6,048,000	City	4,364,541	1,393	3,133	N/A	N/A	N/A	7,461,000	961	7,764
Miami	United States	6,036,000	City	470,914	93	5,069 [30]	6,158,824	15,890	388	6,212,000	3,313	1,875
Belo Horizonte	Brazil	5,972,000	City	2,502,557	331	7,563	5,156,217	9,459	545	5,159,000	1,288	4,005
Singapore	Singapore	5,792,000	Country	5,638,700	726	7,770	N/A	N/A	N/A	5,271,000	1,287	4,096
Philadelphia	United States	5,695,000	Consolidated city-county	1,526,006	370	4,129	6,096,120	N/A	N/A	5,697,000	5,429	1,049
Atlanta	United States	5,572,000	City	420,003	354	1,186	5,949,951	21,690	274	5,434,000	7,400	734
Fukuoka	Japan	5,551,000	Designated city	1,588,924	343	4,627	N/A	N/A	N/A	2,280,000	505	4,515
Khartoum	Sudan	5,534,000	N/A	639,598	22,142	29	5,274,321	N/A	N/A	6,017,000	1,031	5,836
Barcelona	Spain	5,494,000	Municipality	1,620,343	101	15,980 [96]	5,474,482 [97]	N/A	N/A	4,735,000	1,072	4,417
Johannesburg	South Africa	5,486,000	Metropolitan municipality	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	14,167,000	4,040	3,507[98]
Saint Petersburg	Russia	5,383,000	Federal city	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	5,207,000	1,373	3,792
Qingdao	China	5,381,000	City (sub-provincial)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	6,232,000	1,655	3,766
Dalian	China	5,300,000	City (sub-provincial)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	3,994,000	987	4,047
Washington metropolitan area	United States	5,207,000	Federal district	702,455	177	3,969 [30]	6,263,245	17,009	368 [99]	7,583,000	5,501	1,378 [r]
Yangon	Myanmar	5,157,000	City	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	6,497,000	603	10,774
Alexandria	Egypt	5,086,000	Urban governorate	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	4,857,000	293	16,577
Jinan	China	5,052,000	City (sub-provincial)	8,700,000	10,244	849	N/A	N/A	N/A	4,381,000	798	5,490
Guadalajara	Mexico	5,023,000	Municipality	1,385,621	151	9,176 [21]	5,286,642	3,560	1,485	5,437,000	313	17,371 [22]

See also

• Cities portal
• Geography portal
• Lists portal
• World portal

• Historical urban community sizes
• List of largest cities throughout history
• List of towns and cities with 100,000 or more inhabitants
• Number of urban areas by country

Notes

1. ^ For urban/metropolitan areas that have more than one core city, the figure for their city proper should use either the most populous one (e.g. Dallas for Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex) or the best-known one (e.g. Manila for Metro Manila, instead of Quezon City).
2. ^ UN figures for each cities are varied between city proper, metropolitan area, and urban agglomeration.^[12]
3. ^ Figures taken from official census when possible
4. ^ Figures taken from official census when possible
5. ^ Includes large areas Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba and Saitama prefectures and smaller areas of Gunma, Tochigi and Ibaraki prefectures.
6. ^ Includes Faridabad, Ghaziabad, Noida, Gurgaon and Bahadurgarh urban areas and New Delhi.
7. ^ Includes Taicang
8. ^ Includes Francisco Morato
9. ^ Includes Kalyan and urban areas of Panvel, Bhiwandi and Vasai-Virar.
10. ^ Includes major cities of Kobe and Kyoto, collectively also known as Keihanshin area.
11. ^ Includes Bridgeport, New Haven, Trenton, Danbury, Waterbury and Twin Rivers urban areas.
12. ^ The continuous urbanization of Manila extends outward its Metro Manila into other neighbouring provinces such as Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Rizal, Pampanga and Batangas provinces.
13. ^ Although commonly referred to as a city, Lagos is a metropolitan area consisting of 16 local government areas.
14. ^ Includes the city of Foshan.
15. ^ Includes Tangerang, South Tangerang, Bogor, Bekasi and Karawang.
16. ^ Includes the city of Fushun.
17. ^ Includes the city of Fort Worth, collectively known as Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.
18. ^ Includes the city of Baltimore.

References

1. ^ “World Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Population Database”. United Nations. Archived from the original on 22 August 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
2. ^ “United Nations Statistics Division – Demographic and Social Statistics”. United Nations. Archived from the original on 23 June 2011. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
3. ^ Demographic Yearbook 2005, Volume 57. United Nations. 2008. p. 241. ISBN 978-92-1-051099-8. Archived from the original on 2 May 2016.
4. ^ ^{a b} World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 Revision. United Nations. 2004. ISBN 92-1-151396-0. Archived from the original on 3 February 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
5. ^ Alexander, Ruth (29 January 2012). “The world’s biggest cities: How do you measure them?”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
6. ^ Alexander, Ruth (29 January 2012). “Which is the world’s biggest city?”. BBC News. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
7. ^ Callahan, William A. (12 April 2015). China Dreams: 20 Visions of the Future. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780190235239. Archived from the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2020 – via Google Books.
8. ^ ^{a b} “Demographia World Urban Areas, 17th Annual Edition” (PDF). Demographia. June 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
9. ^ Nussle, Jim (20 November 2008). “Update of Statistical Area Definitions and Guidance on Their Uses” (PDF). Office of Management and Budget. pp. 1–2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2017.
10. ^ “Home”. mmda.gov.ph. Archived from the original on 10 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
11. ^ Widyanto, Untung (6 December 2018). “3 Masalah Utama BKSP Jabodetabekjur yang Dipimpin Anies Baswedan”. Tempo. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
12. ^ ^{a b} “World Urbanization Prospects 2018” (PDF). United Nations. New York. 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 February 2020. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
13. ^ ^{a b c} “Japan: Prefectures and Major Cities – Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information”. Archived from the original on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
14. ^ ^{a b c} “Table 2.10 Population of Three Major Metropolitan Areas” (PDF). Statistics Bureau of Japan. p. 21. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 November 2019. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
15. ^ “Provisional Population Totals” (PDF). Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
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Liens externes

• Statistiques démographiques de l’UNSD – Population de la ville par sexe, ville et type de ville
• Base de données mondiale Nordpil des grandes zones urbaines, 1950-2050