Liste des domaines Internet de premier niveau

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Cette liste de domaines Internet de premier niveau ( TLD ) contient des domaines de premier niveau , qui sont les domaines de la zone racine DNS du système de noms de domaine d ‘ Internet . Une liste des domaines de premier niveau établie par l’ IANA ( Internet Assigned Numbers Authority ) est conservée dans la base de données de la zone racine. ^[1] L’IANA supervise également le processus d’approbation des nouveaux domaines de premier niveau proposés pour l ‘ ICANN . En avril 2021 ^[update], leur domaine racine contient 1502 domaines de premier niveau. ^{[2] [3]} À partir de mars 2021^[update], la base de données racine de l’IANA comprend 1 589 TLD. Cela inclut également 68 qui ne sont pas attribués (révoqués), 8 qui sont retirés et 11 domaines de test . ^[1] Ceux-ci ne sont pas représentés dans la liste de l’IANA ^[2] et ne sont pas dans le fichier root.zone (le fichier root.zone inclut également un domaine racine ). ^[4]

Les types

L’IANA distingue les groupes de domaines de premier niveau suivants : ^[5]

• domaine de premier niveau d’infrastructure (ARPA)
• domaines génériques de premier niveau (gTLD)
• domaines de premier niveau génériques restreints (grTLD)
• domaines de premier niveau sponsorisés (sTLD)
• domaines de premier niveau de code de pays (ccTLD)
• tester les domaines de premier niveau (tTLD)
• . Edu = éducation

Domaines de premier niveau d’origine

Sept domaines génériques de premier niveau ont été créés au début du développement d’Internet et sont antérieurs à la création de l’ICANN en 1998.

• Nom : noms DNS
• Entité : utilisation prévue
• Remarques : remarques générales
• IDN : prise en charge des noms de domaine internationalisés (IDN)
• DNSSEC : présence d’enregistrements DS pour les extensions de sécurité du système de noms de domaine

Nom	Entité	Administrateur [6]	Remarques	IDN	DNSSEC	SLD	IPv6
.com	commercial _	Verisign	Il s’agit d’un TLD ouvert ; toute personne ou entité est autorisée à s’inscrire. Bien qu’à l’origine destiné à être utilisé par des entités commerciales à but lucratif, pour un certain nombre de raisons, il est devenu le principal TLD pour les noms de domaine et est actuellement utilisé par tous les types d’entités, y compris les organisations à but non lucratif, les écoles et les particuliers. Les enregistrements de noms de domaine peuvent être contestés avec succès si le titulaire ne peut prouver une relation extérieure justifiant la réservation du nom, [ citation nécessaire ] pour éviter le « squattage ». Il était à l’origine administré par le Département de la Défense des États-Unis .	Oui	Oui	Oui	Oui
.org	org anisation	Registre d’intérêt public	Il s’agit d’un TLD ouvert ; toute personne ou entité est autorisée à s’inscrire. Initialement destiné à être utilisé par des organisations à but non lucratif, et encore principalement utilisé par certains.	Oui	Oui	Oui	Oui
.rapporter	travail net	Verisign	Il s’agit d’un TLD ouvert ; toute personne ou entité est autorisée à s’inscrire. Initialement destiné à être utilisé par des domaines pointant vers un réseau distribué d’ordinateurs, ou des sites “parapluie” qui agissent comme un portail vers un ensemble de sites Web plus petits.	Oui	Oui	Oui	Oui
.int	international _	L’autorité d’assignation des numéros internet	Le TLD .int est strictement limité aux organisations, bureaux et programmes approuvés par un traité entre deux nations ou plus. Cependant, quelques domaines bénéficiant de droits acquis ne répondent pas à ces critères.	Non	Oui	Oui	Oui
.edu	édu cation	Education (via Verisign )	Le TLD .edu est limité à des établissements d’enseignement supérieur spécifiques tels que, mais sans s’y limiter, les écoles de commerce et les universités. Aux États-Unis, son utilisation a été limitée en 2001 aux établissements postsecondaires accrédités par une agence figurant sur la liste des agences d’accréditation reconnues au niveau national . Ce domaine est donc presque exclusivement utilisé par les collèges et universités américains. Certaines institutions, telles que l’ Exploratorium , qui ne répondent pas aux critères d’enregistrement actuels ont des droits acquis sur les noms de domaine.	Non	Oui	Oui	Oui
.gov	Agences gouvernementales nationales et étatiques américaines	Agence de cybersécurité et de sécurité des infrastructures (via Verisign )	Le TLD .gov est limité aux entités et agences gouvernementales des États-Unis, ainsi qu’aux agences gouvernementales d’État, de comté et locales éligibles et aux gouvernements tribaux.	Non	Oui	Oui	Oui
.mil	militaire américain _	Département de la Défense des États-Unis	Le TLD .mil est limité aux divisions, services et agences du Département de la Défense des États-Unis.	Non	Oui	Oui	Oui

Domaine de premier niveau d’infrastructure

Infrastructure	Entité	Remarques	IDN	DNSSEC
.arpa	“Zone des paramètres d’adresse et de routage”	Affecté à l’origine à l’ Advanced Research Projects Agency dans les premiers temps d’Internet, le .arpa est aujourd’hui exclusivement utilisé comme TLD d’infrastructure Internet .	Non	Oui

Domaines de premier niveau de code de pays

Au 20 mai 2017, il y avait 255 domaines de premier niveau de code de pays , uniquement en alphabet latin, utilisant des codes à deux caractères. En juin 2020 ^[update], ce nombre est de 316, avec l’ajout de domaines internationalisés. ^[1]

ccTLD internationalisés proposés

Des noms de domaine internationalisés ont été proposés pour le Japon et la Libye .

Domaines génériques de premier niveau de l’ère de l’ICANN

• Nom : nom DNS
• Marché cible : utilisation prévue
• Restrictions : restrictions, le cas échéant, sur qui peut s’enregistrer et comment le domaine peut être utilisé
• Opérateur : entité à laquelle le registre a été délégué
• IDN : prise en charge des noms de domaine internationalisés (IDN)
• DNSSEC : présence d’enregistrements DS pour les extensions de sécurité du système de noms de domaine

Anglais

UN

Nom	Marché cible	Restrictions	Opérateur/Registre	IDN	DNSSEC
.académie	Écoles, académies militaires, sites Web d’apprentissage en ligne, APE et portails étudiants, tout site créé pour être éducatif sur un sujet particulier	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 1]	Oui	Oui
.comptable	Comptables publics agréés, conseillers fiscaux, comptables d’entreprise, comptables personnels et d’entreprise, organisations professionnelles de CPA	—	Services de registre mondiaux Ltd [7]	Inconnue	Oui
.comptables	experts-comptables et cabinets comptables	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 2]	Oui	Oui
.actif	Réservé au réseau actif	Le réseau actif	Inconnue	Oui
.acteur de cinéma	Acteurs en herbe et leurs agents, théâtres et studios de cinéma, lieux de divertissement, sites de vidéos en streaming, sites de critiques de films, sites de potins sur les célébrités	—	Donuts Inc [n 1]	Oui	Oui
.les publicités	La publicité	Réservé à Google AdSense	Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google) [8]
.adulte	divertissement pour adultes (pornographie)	Pour les sites proposant du contenu sexuellement explicite, tel que de la pornographie.	Registre ICM	Oui	Oui
.aéro	industrie du transport aérien	Doit vérifier l’admissibilité à l’inscription; seuls ceux appartenant à diverses catégories d’entités liées au transport aérien peuvent s’inscrire.	SITA	Non	Non
.Afrique	Thèmes africains et panafricains, Union africaine	—	Registre central ZA	Inconnue	Oui
.agence	Agences de marketing et de publicité, agences de relations publiques ou de communication, entreprises de design, agences de talents, agences de voyages, autres agences connexes	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 3]	Oui [9]	Oui
.airforce	Recruteurs militaires, écoles de formation au pilotage, sociétés d’approvisionnement, fournisseurs d’avions militaires et sociétés de réparation, membres et vétérans de l’armée de l’air	—	Donuts Inc [n 1]	Oui	Oui
.amazone	Réservé à Amazon	Amazone
.analytique	Réservé à l’ Institut SAS	Campus IP LLC [8]
.appartements	Gestionnaires immobiliers (appartements), promoteurs de condominiums/appartements, sites Web/centres universitaires, guides municipaux et centres communautaires	—	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.app	Applications [10]	—	Google [n 2]	Inconnue	Oui
.Pomme	Pomme [11]	Réservé à Apple [12]	Pomme	Inconnue	Oui
.archi	architectes et cabinets d’architectes [13]	Réservé aux particuliers et aux organisations qui peuvent vérifier leur participation à l’industrie de l’architecture. [14]	POINT DE DÉPART LIMITÉ	Inconnue	Oui
.armée	Recruteur militaire, magasins de fournitures militaires, écoles de formation militaire, membres de l’armée et vétérans	—	Donuts Inc [n 1]	Oui	Oui
.de l’art	artistes, musées, galeries d’art, marchands, prestataires de services et entrepreneurs	—	Idées créatives au Royaume-Uni	Oui	Oui
.associés	Comptables, cabinets d’avocats, cabinets de conseil, agences immobilières, groupes de santé et médicaux	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 4]	Oui	Oui
.avocat	Avocats indépendants et cabinets d’avocats de toute taille, entités de services juridiques, élus et juges, organisations professionnelles, étudiants en droit	—	Donuts Inc [n 1]	Oui	Oui
.enchères	Maisons de ventes aux enchères et ventes aux enchères en ligne, ventes aux enchères de voitures et de camions, ventes aux enchères de marchandises B2B, ventes aux enchères caritatives pour les organisations à but non lucratif et les écoles, communautés d’acheteurs et de vendeurs	—	Donuts Inc [n 1]	Oui	Oui
.audible	Réservé à Audible	Services de registre Amazon, Inc. [8]
.l’audio	systèmes stéréo/sonorisation, musique	—	Unregistre	Oui [15]	Oui
.auteur	Réservé aux livres Amazon	Services de registre Amazon , Inc. [8]
.auto	Véhicules	Registre des voitures limité [8]
.autos	Véhicules	—	DERAutos	Inconnue	Oui
.aws	Réservé à Amazon Web Services	Services de registre Amazon , Inc. [8]

B

Nom	Marché cible	Restrictions	Opérateur/Registre	IDN	DNSSEC
.bébé	Pour vendre des produits pour bébé	Réservé à Johnson & Johnson	Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. [8]
.bande	Salles de concert, sites de vente/revente de billets, sites de groupes de musique et de musiciens, sites de groupes scolaires, sites de critique musicale	—	Donuts Inc [n 1]	Oui	Oui
.banque	banques	Réservé aux banques et associations d’épargne	Services de registre fTLD, LLC	Inconnue	Oui
.bar	Bars et industrie connexe	—	Point 2012	Oui	Oui
.pieds nus	Réservé aux Vignobles Gallo Inc.	Vignobles Gallo, Inc. [8]
.bonnes affaires	Détaillants en ligne, grands et petits, sections “vente” sur les sites Web de vente au détail, sites de rabais et de surstock, chasseurs de bonnes affaires, blogueurs économes	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 5]	Oui	Oui
.base-ball	base-ball	Réservé à la MLB	MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC [8]
.basketball	basketball	Réservé à la FIBA	Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA) [8]
.beauté	Réservé à L’Oréal	L’Oréal [8]
.Bière	brasseries et amateurs de bière	—	Esprits + Machines [n 3]	Inconnue	Oui
.meilleur	—	BestTLD Pty Ltd	Inconnue	Oui
.meilleur achat	Réservé à Best Buy	BBY Solutions, Inc. [8]
.pari	jeux d’argent	Afilias plc [8]
.Bible	Respect de « la Bible », « Dieu tel qu’il est révélé dans la Bible » et le christianisme « orthodoxe » [16] [17]	Société biblique américaine [8]
.offre	les enchères	—	Services de registre mondiaux Ltd [7]	Oui	Oui
.bicyclette	Amateurs de vélos et de motos, détaillants de vélos et magasins d’équipement, ateliers de réparation de vélos, organisateurs d’événements cyclistes, clubs de vélo ou de moto	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 6]	Oui [18]	Oui
.bingo	Salles de bingo, casinos, sites de jeux en ligne et occasionnels, agences de voyages	—	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.bio	Agriculture biologique [19]	TLD ouvert ; toute personne ou entité est autorisée à s’inscrire ; cependant, les déclarants qui sont “producteurs, transformateurs et détaillants, ou autrement impliqués dans le domaine de l’agriculture, de l’alimentation et de l’élevage” doivent se conformer aux Principes de l’agriculture biologique. [20] [21]	Affiliés [22]	Inconnue	Oui
.biz	des affaires	TLD ouvert ; toute personne ou entité est autorisée à s’inscrire ; cependant, les enregistrements peuvent être contestés ultérieurement s’ils ne sont pas détenus par des entités commerciales conformément à la charte du domaine. Ce TLD a été créé pour soulager le TLD .com, où de nombreux noms ont déjà été pris.	NeuStar	Oui [9]	Oui
.le noir	ceux qui aiment la couleur noire [23]	—	Affiliés	Oui	Oui
.vendredi noir	Black Friday , commerce de détail	—	Unregistre	Oui [15]	Oui
.superproduction	Réservé à Blockbuster LLC	Plat DBS Corporation [8]
.Blog	Blogues	—	Automatique [24]	Inconnue	Oui
.bleu	ceux qui aiment la couleur bleue [25]	—	Affiliés	Oui	Oui
.huer	—	—	Google [n 2]	Inconnue	Oui
.livre	Réservé aux livres Amazon	Services de registre Amazon , Inc. [8]
.des bottes	Réservé à Boots Company Ltd	THE BOOTS COMPANY PLC [8]
.Boston	sites Web liés à la ville de Boston, Massachusetts, États-Unis	Boston TLD Management, LLC [8]	Inconnue	Oui
.bot	Limité aux “bots” en ligne utilisant des frameworks approuvés (Amazon Lex, Dialogflow, Gupshup, Microsoft Bot Framework et Pandorabots) Amazon permet aux utilisateurs de les contacter s’ils ont un bot en dehors de ces frameworks. [26]	Services de registre Amazon , Inc. [8]
.boutique	Boutiques en ligne spécialisées, boutiques vintage, designers, artistes et artisans, artisans	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 7]	Oui	Oui
.boîte	particuliers et entreprises, afin de favoriser le stockage cloud personnel	—	NS1 Limitée	Oui	Oui
.broadway	Théâtre de Broadway	Célébrez Broadway, Inc. [8]
.courtier	DOTBROKER REGISTRY LTD [8]
.construire	industrie de construction	Domaine de premier niveau ouvert— [27]	Plan Abeille LLC	Oui	Oui
.builders	Entrepreneurs, sous-traitants, architectes commerciaux/résidentiels, designers d’intérieur	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 8]	Oui	Oui
.des affaires	Entreprises et agences créatives, indépendants et consultants indépendants, toute autre entreprise cherchant à se différencier de la concurrence	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 9]	Oui	Oui
.acheter	Ventes	Services de registre Amazon , Inc [8]
.bourdonner	commercialisation et réseaux sociaux	—	DOTSTRATÉGIE	Oui	Oui

C

Nom	Marché cible	Restrictions	Opérateur/Registre	IDN	DNSSEC
.taxi	Produits ou services liés aux compagnies aériennes et aux voyages, guides de la ville et attractions touristiques, entreprises de transport, hôtels, auberges, chambres d’hôtes, hébergement, attractions touristiques	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 10]	Oui	Oui
.café	Cafés, restaurants, épiceries fines, cafétérias, cafés et stands de café, salons étudiants, vendeurs mobiles de nourriture/boissons, écoles de cuisine	—	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.appel	Services de registre Amazon , Inc. [8]
.came	divertissement [28]	—	ACWebConnexion [29]	Oui	Oui
.appareil photo	Photographes professionnels, revendeurs d’appareils photo et d’équipements, studios photo et écoles de photographie, photographes de mariage et spécialisés, toute personne souhaitant partager des photos en ligne	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 11]	Oui	Oui
.camp	Sites de camping/de camping-car, écrivains et blogueurs de voyage, entreprises d’aventure en plein air, camps d’été pour enfants, hôtels, auberges, gîtes, chambres d’hôtes	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 12]	Oui	Oui
.recherche contre le cancer	Organisations, instituts de recherche et individus intéressés à mettre fin au cancer par la recherche [30]	—	Fondation australienne de recherche sur le cancer	Inconnue	Oui
.Capitale	Sociétés hypothécaires, professionnels des services financiers, services d’investissement, investisseurs en capital-risque	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 13]	Oui	Oui
.auto	Véhicules	Registre des voitures limité [8]
.cartes	Acheteurs occasionnels (vacances, anniversaire, deuil), sites Web liés à l’occasion, acheteurs de cadeaux, services RH d’entreprise	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 14]	Oui	Oui
.se soucier	Chirurgiens, médecins de soins primaires/secondaires, assureurs, hôpitaux et cliniques, spécialistes médicaux, dentaires ou de la vue, produits ou services basés sur les services	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 15]	Oui	Oui
.carrière	emplois et recherche d’emploi	—	dotCareer LLC	Oui	Oui
.carrières	Services de carrière (coaching, rédaction de CV), sites d’emploi et recruteurs, coachs d’affaires, cabinets de recrutement, service RH de toute entreprise	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 16]	Oui	Oui
.voitures	Automobile	—	Unregistre	Oui	Oui
.Cas	Réservé à CNH Industrial	CNH Industrial SA [8]
.espèces	Prêteurs sur gages et magasins de consignation, bureaux de change, autres entreprises en espèces, services d’encaissement de chèques	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 17]	Oui	Oui
.casino	Casinos et sites de jeux en ligne, agences de voyages, sites touristiques locaux, sites de réservation d’hôtels	—	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.restauration	Traiteurs et chefs personnels, vendeurs d’aliments spécialisés, organisateurs de mariages et organisateurs d’événements, espaces événementiels, fournisseurs en gros	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 18]	Oui	Oui
.catholique	catholicisme	Dicastère pour la Communication [8]
.centre	Centres communautaires, centres d’affaires, centres commerciaux, sites touristiques/centres-villes, centres de tutorat et d’apprentissage	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 19]	Oui	Oui
.cern	CERN	CERN	CERN	Inconnue	Oui
.PDG	PDG	— [31]	CEOTLD Pty Ltd	Inconnue	Oui
.cfd	conception de mode vestimentaire; signifiait à l’origine des contrats d’échange de différences lorsqu’ils étaient demandés par IG Group Holdings plc	DOTCFD REGISTRE LTD [8]
.canal	Réservé à YouTube	Google [n 2]	Inconnue	Oui
.discuter	Salons de discussion en ligne, rencontres, forums politiques, religieux, sportifs, d’intérêt humain et amateurs, entreprises avec des services d’assistance par chat en direct, entreprises de technologie de chatbot	—	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.charité	—	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.pas cher	Détaillants en ligne, sites de rabais, sites de surstockage, entreprises qui vendent des produits en vrac à des prix réduits, chasseurs de bonnes affaires et blogueurs économes	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 20]	Oui	Oui
.Noël	Noël	—	Unregistre	Oui [15]	Oui
.église	Églises, organisations de jeunesse, communautés spirituelles, organisations religieuses, toute personne qui publie du contenu spirituel ou religieux	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 21]	Oui	Oui
.cercle	Réservé à Amazon	Services de registre Amazon , Inc. [8]
.ville	Sites de ressources de la ville pour les habitants et les voyageurs, les écrivains de voyage et les blogueurs, les sites Web de critiques locales, les attractions touristiques, les entreprises de transport	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 22]	Oui	Oui
.réclamations	Experts en sinistres et représentants en sinistres, services de réclamations d’assurance (automobile, médicale, habitation), services à la clientèle des compagnies d’assurance, cabinets d’avocats	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 23]	Oui	Oui
.nettoyage	Entrepreneurs, services de nettoyage commerciaux/domestiques, services d’esthétique/nettoyage automobile	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 24]	Oui	Oui
.Cliquez sur	—	Unregistre	Oui [15]	Oui
.clinique	Cliniques de santé, spécialistes médicaux ou de la santé, cliniques sportives, cliniques de soins d’urgence	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 25]	Oui	Oui
.Vêtements	Détaillants en ligne, grands magasins, créateurs	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 26]	Oui	Oui
.nuage	Entreprises impliquées dans le cloud computing	—	Aruba Spa
.club	groupes, organisations, assemblées, communautés, général	— [32]	DOMAINES .CLUB	Oui [33]	Oui
.entraîneur	Organisations sportives, entraîneurs et entraîneurs personnels, entraîneurs d’affaires, de vie et de santé, entraîneurs ou tuteurs de clubs scolaires et communautaires, voyages abordables, compagnies aériennes, trains, voitures ou autres sociétés de transport	—	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.codes	Développeurs de logiciels et Web, entreprises informatiques, entreprises de R&D technologique, passionnés de codage, cours et camps de codage	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 27]	Oui	Oui
.café	Cafés, torréfacteurs, grossistes et fournisseurs, fournisseurs de machines et d’équipements et stands	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 28]	Oui	Oui
.Université	Éducatif	—	XYZ.com	Oui	Oui
.communauté	Guides municipaux et centres communautaires, communautés en ligne, associations de quartier, églises, mosquées, temples et autres communautés spirituelles, écrivains et blogueurs locaux	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 29]	Oui	Oui
.la société	Petites, moyennes ou grandes entreprises, entreprises qui veulent faire preuve d’autorité dans leur domaine, fabricants, artisans, toute personne qui vend un produit de niche	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 30]	Oui	Oui
.comparer	Réservé à iSelect Ltd	iSelect Ltd [8]
.ordinateur	Fabricants d’ordinateurs, services de réparation d’ordinateurs, revendeurs d’ordinateurs, programmes de formation et d’enseignement en informatique, entreprises technologiques	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 31]	Oui	Oui
.condos	Courtiers/agents immobiliers, gestionnaires immobiliers (copropriétés), sociétés de prêts hypothécaires, promoteurs de copropriétés/appartements, associations de copropriétaires	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 32]	Oui	Oui
.construction	Entrepreneurs, architectes commerciaux/résidentiels, fournisseurs de construction en gros et au détail	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 33]	Oui	Oui
.consultant	Cabinets de conseil, consultants indépendants, services spécialisés, entreprises proposant des formations d’experts	—	Donuts Inc [n 1]	Oui	Oui
.Contactez	Spectre de haut niveau, Inc. [8]
.entrepreneurs	Entreprises liées à la construction, entrepreneurs, sous-traitants, entrepreneurs indépendants dotés de compétences et d’expertises uniques, syndicats ou autres organisations faisant la promotion de leur personnel et de leurs compétences	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 34]	Oui	Oui
.cuisson	partager des recettes	—	Esprits + Machines [n 3]	Oui	Oui
.frais	Magazines et blogs de mode, agrégateurs de mèmes, sites de suivi des tendances, marchands en ligne, publications et sites amusants	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 35]	Oui	Oui
.coopérative	coopératives	Le TLD .coop est limité aux coopératives telles que définies par les principes de Rochdale .	DotCoopération	Non	Oui
.pays	général	—	Esprits + Machines [n 3]	Oui	Oui
.coupon	remises et remises	Services de registre Amazon , Inc. [8]
.coupons	Pages de coupons, sites de coupons, sites de rabais, blogs sur le thème des coupons, chasseurs de bonnes affaires	—	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.cours	éducation	Universités ouvertes Australia Pty Ltd [8]
.cpa	experts-comptables et cabinets comptables	Réservé aux CPA agréés et aux cabinets de CPA	Institut américain des experts-comptables agréés	Inconnue	Oui
.crédit	Sociétés de cartes de crédit, prêteurs, coopératives de crédit, agences de recouvrement, conseillers en crédit et planificateurs financiers	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 36]	Oui	Oui
.carte de crédit	Sociétés de cartes de crédit, sites de cartes de crédit de magasins/détaillants, conseillers en crédit et planificateurs financiers, services de traitement des cartes de crédit	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 37]	Oui	Oui
.croisière	Compagnies de croisières, produits ou services liés aux croisières, agences de voyages et services de vacances, bateaux de charter privés	Viking River Cruises (Bermudes) Ltd. [8]
.criquet	criquet	—	Services de registre mondiaux Ltd [7]	Inconnue	Oui
.Croisières	croisières et voyages	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 38]	Oui	Oui
. c’est toi	Pour toute personne ou entreprise qui partage les valeurs éthiques de diversité, d’inclusivité et d’indépendance [34]	—	Shortdot SA [35]	Oui

ré

Nom	Marché cible	Restrictions	Opérateur/Registre	IDN	DNSSEC
.père	familles	—	Google [n 2]	Inconnue	Oui
.Danse	Studios et instructeurs de danse, discothèques et salles de concert, équipes et troupes de danse, fabricants de chaussures de danse, de vêtements et d’équipements, fans de danse et de spectacles	—	Donuts Inc [n 1]	Oui	Oui
.Les données	Plat DBS Corporation [8]
.Date	rencontres en ligne	—	Services de registre mondiaux Ltd [7]	Inconnue	Oui
.rencontre	Sites de rencontre et d’entremetteur, sites de voyage et guides de la ville, groupes de rencontre pour célibataires, sites “classés” traditionnels, entreprises événementielles	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 39]	Oui	Oui
.journée	général	—	Google [n 2]	Inconnue	Oui
.accord	Ventes	Services de registre Amazon , Inc. [8]
.offres	Sites de rabais, chasseurs de bonnes affaires, sites de coupons, pages de coupons. guides, annuaires et blogs sur le thème des coupons	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 40]	Oui	Oui
.diplôme	Écoles et universités physiques, universités en ligne, autres cours d’apprentissage, autres ressources pédagogiques	—	Donuts Inc [n 1]	Oui	Oui
.livraison	Services de livraison aux consommateurs, services d’expédition commerciale, services de transport, services de messagerie, toute entreprise qui expédie leurs produits	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 41]	Oui	Oui
.démocrate	Candidats politiques, lobbyistes, partis politiques, organismes de collecte de fonds	—	Donuts Inc [n 1]	Oui	Oui
.dentaire	Dentistes, endodontistes, orthodontistes, détaillants vendant des fournitures de santé bucco-dentaire, fournisseurs en gros de soins dentaires	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 42]	Oui	Oui
.dentiste	Dentistes, endodontistes, orthodontistes, détaillants vendant des fournitures de santé bucco-dentaire, fournisseurs en gros de soins dentaires	—	Donuts Inc [n 1]	Oui	Oui
.motif	arts graphiques et mode	—	Conception de haut niveau	Oui	Oui
.dev	développement de logiciels	—	Google	Inconnue	Oui
.diamonds	Bijoutiers, grossistes et détaillants de diamants, évaluateurs et acheteurs de bijoux, prêteurs sur gages	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 43]	Oui	Oui
.régime	régime et diététique	—	Unregistre	Oui [15]	Oui
.numérique	Agences de publicité/marketing/RP/design, sociétés d’achat/de production de médias (numériques et traditionnels), événements en ligne, sites de rencontre et de jeux, entreprises technologiques, sites de commerce électronique	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 44]	Oui	Oui
.direct	Magasins directs aux consommateurs, chasseurs de bonnes affaires, services de transport, services de messagerie, services de livraison et d’expédition	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 45]	Oui	Oui
.annuaire	Listes d’organisations, annuaires de noms, de numéros de téléphone et d’adresses, annuaires d’entreprises en ligne, annuaires de clubs, de groupes et d’autres organisations	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 46]	Oui	Oui
.remise	Sites de réduction, chasseurs de bonnes affaires, sites de coupons, pages de coupons, blogs sur le thème des coupons	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 47]	Oui	Oui
.DIY	fais le toi-même	Domaine de style de vie Holdings, Inc. [8]
.docs	Médecins	Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google) [8]
.médecin	Médecins, toute entreprise dont le nom est “docteur”, autres prestataires de soins de santé, experts titulaires d’un doctorat dans n’importe quel domaine	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.chien	Éleveurs de chiens, entreprises de promenade, de toilettage et de garde de chiens, vétérinaires, refuges pour animaux et centres d’adoption, animaleries et fournisseurs	—	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.domaines	Tout service Web, consultants réseau, courtiers de domaine, revendeurs et bureaux d’enregistrement, produits et services liés à la maison	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 48]	Oui	Oui
.point	Plat DBS Corporation [8]
.Télécharger	La technologie	—	Services de registre mondiaux Ltd [7]	Inconnue	Oui
.conduire	Réservé à Google Drive	Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google) [8]
.canard	Réservé au Canard®	Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. [8]

E

Nom	Marché cible	Restrictions	Opérateur/Registre	IDN	DNSSEC
.la terre	Particuliers ou entreprises à vocation mondiale	Interlink Co., Ltd. [8]
.manger	restos et gourmands	—	Google [n 2]	Inconnue	Oui
.eco	Entreprises, organisations à but non lucratif et professionnels soucieux de la durabilité . [36]	Ouvert à toute personne s’engageant dans une action de développement durable. [37]	Grande pièce inc. [38]	Non	Oui
.éducation	Collèges et universités, écoles publiques, APE et autres groupes scolaires, organismes de recherche en éducation, toute organisation axée sur l’éducation de son public	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 49]	Oui	Oui
.e-mail	Agences de publicité/marketing/RP/design, experts en marketing par e-mail, spécialistes des technologies CRM et marketing, toute personne souhaitant une adresse e-mail mémorable	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 50]	Oui	Oui
.énergie	Producteurs d’énergie électrique, mécanique, chimique, nucléaire et thermique, producteurs d’énergie solaire, éolienne, hydraulique, bio et autres énergies alternatives durables, fabricants de batteries et R&D de l’industrie pétrolière, organisations de conservation de l’énergie, fabricants d’aliments et de boissons énergétiques	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 51]	Oui	Oui
.ingénieur	Sociétés d’ingénierie informatique et logicielle, sociétés d’ingénierie civile, électrique, mécanique et architecturale, sociétés d’ingénierie environnementale, chimique, géotechnique et biotechnique, établissements de formation ou d’enseignement pour ingénieurs, ingénieurs ferroviaires	—	Donuts Inc [n 1]	Oui	Oui
.ingénierie	Sociétés d’ingénierie informatique et logicielle, sociétés d’ingénierie civile, électrique, mécanique et architecturale, sociétés d’ingénierie environnementale, chimique, géotechnique et biotechnique, établissements de formation ou d’enseignement pour ingénieurs, ingénieurs ferroviaires	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 52]	Oui	Oui
.edeka	entreprises edeka	—	EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften eV	Oui	Oui
.divertissement	Billetteries, sites de voyage et sites touristiques locaux, salles de spectacle, théâtres et salles de concert, toute personne dans l’industrie du divertissement, sites d’informations sur les célébrités	—	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.entreprises	Entrepreneurs, startups, sociétés mères et holdings, solutions SaaS d’entreprise et services technologiques	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 53]	Oui	Oui
.équipement	Magasins de rénovation domiciliaire, location de matériel de construction, vente de matériel de construction, magasins d’articles de sport	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 54]	Oui	Oui
.esq	avocats, cabinets d’avocats, professions juridiques	À limiter aux avocats et avocats vérifiés [39]	Google [n 2]	Inconnue	Oui
.domaine	Services de gestion et d’évaluation des ventes immobilières, planificateurs et avocats immobiliers, agents et courtiers immobiliers	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 55]	Oui	Oui
.événements	Planificateurs d’événements, agences/sites de sports et de jeux, sites de vente/revente de billets, guides de la ville et centres communautaires, salles de spectacle, clubs/bars de musique	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 56]	Oui	Oui
.échanger	Bureaux de change, courtiers en valeurs mobilières, négociants en fonds d’investissement, distributeurs d’ETF, courtiers et revendeurs	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 57]	Oui	Oui
.expert	Fournisseurs de services à domicile, sites d’évaluation en ligne, bases de données de travailleurs qualifiés, pigistes, consultants et experts en la matière	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 58]	Oui	Oui
.exposé	Sites de tabloïd, blog de romance de célébrités, sites de spoilers TV, sites hébergeant des fuites de documents, sites de journalisme d’investigation	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 59]	Oui	Oui
.Express	Services de transport, services de messagerie, services de livraison et d’expédition, magasins directs aux consommateurs	—	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui

F

Nom	Marché cible	Restrictions	Opérateur/Registre	IDN	DNSSEC
.échouer	Agrégateurs de mèmes en ligne, sites d’humour, sites de vidéos	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 60]	Oui	Oui
.Foi	religion et églises	—	Services de registre mondiaux Ltd [7]	Inconnue	Oui
.famille	Sites de voyage axés sur la famille, blogs sur les activités et jeux adaptés à la famille, sites d’histoire familiale, sites de photos, obstétriciens et médecins de famille	—	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.ventilateur	Sites de fans, sites d’actualités et de potins, blogs et forums sportifs, sites personnels et professionnels sur des sujets de niche	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.Ventilateurs	général	—	ZDNS International Limited	Inconnue	Oui
.ferme	Courtiers/agents immobiliers, concessionnaires de services et d’équipements agricoles, agriculteurs et éleveurs, gestionnaires immobiliers, distributeurs d’aliments naturels, agriculteurs de crypto-monnaie	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 61]	Oui	Oui
.mode	Industrie du vêtement	—	Esprits + Machines [n 3]	Oui	Oui
.vite	Réservé à Amazon	Services de registre Amazon , Inc. [8]
.Rétroaction	commentaires et critiques	—	Spectre de haut niveau	Inconnue	Oui
.décret	Seuls FIAT SPA et ses sociétés affiliées (et les titulaires de licence de marque qualifiés tels que définis dans et conformément à la spécification 13 du contrat de registre (“Spécification 13”), le cas échéant) sont éligibles pour enregistrer un nom de domaine sous le TLD .FIAT. [40]	Stellantis (anciennement Fiat Chrysler Automobiles NV [41] )	Inconnue	Oui
.film	films	Registre de domaine cinématographique Pty Ltd [8]
.final	versions finales de n’importe quoi	Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR – NIC.br [8]
.la finance	Services d’investissement, banques et instituts financiers, conseillers en crédit et planificateurs financiers, cabinets comptables, prêteurs	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 62]	Oui	Oui
.financier	Services d’investissement, banques et institutions financières, conseillers en crédit et planificateurs financiers, cabinets comptables, prêteurs	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 63]	Oui	Oui
.Feu	Réservé à Amazon (promotion des appareils Fire)	Services de registre Amazon , Inc. [8]
.poisson	Marchés de fruits de mer, restaurants et fournisseurs, amateurs de pêche sportive et de pêche à la mouche, fabricants d’engins de pêche, d’attirail et de produits, pourvoyeurs de voyages et sociétés de guides de pêche, aquariums, magasins d’animaux et de poissons, programmes de biologie marine et organisations de conservation	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 64]	Oui	Oui
.pêche	entreprises de pêche, sports et intérêts	—	Esprits + Machines [n 3]	Oui	Oui
.en forme	Remise en forme et exercice	—	Esprits + Machines [n 3]	Inconnue	Oui
.aptitude	Salles de sport, clubs de sport et organisations de santé familiale, entraîneurs personnels, perte de poids, cliniques de santé et de bien-être, blogs sur la santé et l’exercice, sociétés de compétitions et d’événements de fitness	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 65]	Oui	Oui
.vols	Produits ou services liés aux compagnies aériennes, promenades en hélicoptère, parachutisme et deltaplane, agences de voyage et services de voyage, pilotes privés, transport aéroportuaire	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 66]	Oui	Oui
.fleuriste	Fleuristes, services de livraison de fleurs, designers floraux, fournisseurs de graines de fleurs	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 67]	Oui	Oui
.fleurs	fleuristes et jardins	—	Unregistre	Oui	Oui
.mouche	voyage	À limiter aux compagnies aériennes, agences de voyages et revendeurs de voyages vérifiés [42]	Google [n 2]	Inconnue	Oui
.foo	développement web	— [43]	Google [n 2]	Inconnue	Oui
.aliments	Domaine de style de vie Holdings, Inc. [8]
.réseau alimentaire	Réservé au réseau alimentaire	Domaine de style de vie Holdings, Inc. [8]
.Football	Équipes de football et de football professionnelles et amateurs, vêtements de football, équipement et marchandises pour les fans, fabricants d’équipements de football, entraîneurs et joueurs de football	—	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.à vendre	Les courtiers immobiliers individuels et les maisons de courtage, les grossistes et les détaillants dans de nombreuses catégories de produits, les sites Web de remises, de ventes flash et d’offres, les sites d’enchères et les particuliers vendant des articles dont ils n’ont plus besoin	—	Donuts Inc [n 1]	Oui	Oui
.forum	forums	Fegistry, LLC [8]
.fondation	Organisations caritatives, fondations d’écoles publiques, autres organisations et fondations philanthropiques	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 68]	Oui	Oui
.libre	Ventes	Services de registre Amazon , Inc. [8]
.porte d’entrée	Réservé à HGTV	Domaine de style de vie Holdings, Inc. [8]
.amusement	—	Registre de base	Inconnue	Inconnue
.fonds	Services d’investissement, banques et institutions financières, conseillers en crédit et planificateurs financiers, prêteurs	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 69]	Oui	Oui
.meubles	Magasins de décoration et d’ameublement, grands magasins, designers d’intérieur, magasins vintage, antiquaires	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 70]	Oui	Oui
.pour votre information	“Pour ton information”	—	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui

g

Nom	Marché cible	Restrictions	Opérateur/Registre	IDN	DNSSEC
.Galerie	Galeries, photographes professionnels, revendeurs d’appareils photo et d’équipements, studios photo et écoles de photographie, photographes de mariage et spécialisés, toute personne souhaitant partager des photos en ligne	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 71]	Oui	Oui
.Jeu	jeu vidéo	Uniregistry, Corp. [8]
.Jeux	Sites de jeux, forums et critiques, magasins/clubs de jeux en ligne ou physiques, événements sportifs, clubs professionnels et récréatifs, casinos	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.jardin	jardinage	—	Esprits + Machines [n 3]	Oui	Oui
.gay	homosexuels ou organisations de soutien	—	Conception de haut niveau [n 4]	Oui	Oui [44]
.gdn	général	—	Registre du Réseau Display de Google	Inconnue	Inconnue
.cadeau	donner en cadeau	—	Unregistre	Oui [15]	Oui
.cadeaux	Acheteurs de cadeaux, sites de rabais, services RH d’entreprise, chasseurs de bonnes affaires	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 72]	Oui	Oui
.donne	Organisations et fondations philanthropiques, œuvres caritatives, organisations à but non lucratif, initiatives de dons d’entreprise, organisations bénévoles	—	Donuts Inc [n 1]	Oui	Oui
.verre	Ateliers de réparation de verre et de verre, départements de verre dans les magasins de fournitures pour la maison, entrepreneurs, entreprises de réparation de pare-brise et de verre automobile, bricoleurs/artistes	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 73]	Oui	Oui
.gle	Abréviations Google	Utilisé pour certaines abréviations d’URL liées à Google telles que forms.gle et goo.gle.	Charleston Road Registry Inc. (une filiale de Google) [45]	Inconnue	Oui
.global	général, entreprises ou individus ayant une orientation ou une présence mondiale	—	Point GLOBAL	Oui	Oui
.or	Bijoutiers, négociants et marchands d’or, vendeurs et négociants de pièces de monnaie, boutiques de trophées et de récompenses	—	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.le golf	Organisations de golf professionnelles et amateurs, terrains de golf, fournisseurs et fabricants d’équipements, entreprises de voyages et d’événements de golf, joueurs de golf, passionnés et spectateurs, réseaux sportifs	—	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.Google	Google	Utilisé pour certains sites Web liés à Google, tels que blog .google .	Alphabet inc.	Inconnue	Oui
.gop	Politique du parti républicain	—	Comité de direction de l’État républicain	Espagnol [46]	Oui
.graphique	Entreprises de conception Web, designers indépendants, graphistes	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 74]	Oui	Oui
.vert	le soucieux de l’environnement	“En tant que titulaire, vous ne pouvez pas … utiliser un nom .green ou son contenu d’une manière qui affecte négativement la mission, le but du TLD .green ou sa marque.” [47]	Affiliés	Inconnue	Oui
.gripe	Sites de plainte en ligne, forums en ligne, fournisseurs de service client, sites de commentaires, blogs sur les escroqueries	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 75]	Oui	Oui
.épicerie	Réservé à Walmart	Magasins Wal-Mart, Inc. [8]
.grouper	Groupes basés sur des passe-temps ou des intérêts (course à pied, artisanat, jeux), entreprises de groupe (cabinets médicaux, cabinets d’avocats, conseillers financiers), associations professionnelles, groupes de soutien	—	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.guide	Sites de ressources de la ville pour les habitants et les voyageurs, les écrivains de voyage et les blogueurs, les sites Web de critiques locales, les attractions touristiques et les guides, les entreprises d’aventure en plein air	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 76]	Oui	Oui
.guitares	Guitares	—	Unregistre	Oui [15]	Oui
.gourou	Pratiques de pleine conscience et de yoga, sites de leadership spirituel, tout programme de formation, sites de travail à la location, pigistes, consultants et experts en la matière	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 77]	Oui [48]	Oui

H

Nom	Marché cible	Restrictions	Opérateur/Registre	IDN	DNSSEC
.Cheveu	produits et services capillaires	L’Oréal [8]
.lieu de rendez-vous	Réservé à Google Hangouts	Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google) [8]
.santé	santé et sujets connexes	DotHealth, LLC [8]
.soins de santé	Médecins de soins primaires/secondaires, hôpitaux et cliniques, fournisseurs et courtiers d’assurance maladie, services RH/avantages sociaux de l’entreprise	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 78]	Oui	Oui
.aider	sites d’aide	—	Unregistre	Oui [15]	Oui
.ici	géographique générique	—	Google [n 2]	Inconnue	Oui
.hip hop	Culture hip-hop	—	Unregistre	Oui [15]	Oui
.VIH	Sensibilisation au sida et au VIH	—	pointVIH	Inconnue	Oui
.le hockey	Médias sportifs, magasins d’articles de sport et fournisseurs d’équipement de hockey, équipes de hockey professionnel, mineur et amateur, amateurs de hockey, ligues fantastiques, commanditaires, entraîneurs et arbitres	—	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.avoirs	Sociétés holding, sociétés de capital-investissement, promoteurs immobiliers	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 79]	Oui	Oui
.vacance	Produits ou services liés aux compagnies aériennes, agences de voyage, ressources et services, écrivains et blogueurs de voyage, guides de la ville et sites de ressources, hôtels, auberges, chambres d’hôtes, hébergement	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 80]	Oui	Oui
.articles pour la maison	Réservé à HomeGoods	Les sociétés TJX, Inc. [8]
.maisons	professionnels de l’immobilier	—	Entreprises du Dominion	Inconnue	Oui
.homesense	Réservé à HomeSense	Les sociétés TJX, Inc. [8]
.cheval	entreprises et intérêts liés au cheval	—	Esprits + Machines [n 3]	Oui	Oui
.hôpital	Hôpitaux et cliniques, prestataires de soins de santé, spécialistes médicaux, dentaires ou de la vue, assureurs	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.héberger	entreprises du réseau	—	Registre de base	Inconnue	Oui
.hébergement	—	Unregistre	Oui [15]	Oui
.chaud	Services de registre Amazon, Inc. [8]
.hôtels	Réservé à Booking.com	Booking.com BV [8]
.maison	Courtiers/agents immobiliers, sociétés de prêts hypothécaires, constructeurs de maisons, fournisseurs de construction/amélioration de l’habitat, sites et blogs d’amélioration de l’habitat	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 81]	Oui	Oui
.comment	guides pratiques	—	Google [n 2]	Inconnue	Oui

je

Nom	Marché cible	Restrictions	Opérateur/Registre	IDN	DNSSEC
.la glace	Réservé à l’échange intercontinental	Intercontinental Exchange, Inc. [8]
.icu	entrepreneurs et chefs d’entreprise	—	ShortDot SA
.inc	Sociétés
.les industries	Fabricants de machines ou d’équipements, fabricants, entreprises technologiques ou biotechnologiques, associations professionnelles, entreprises ayant des “industries” dans leur nom	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 82]	Oui	Oui
.Info	information	—	Affiliés	Allemand [9]	Oui
.ing	Suffixe verbal : par exemple, “jump.ing”.	—	Google [n 2]	Inconnue	Oui
.encrer	impression créative ou tatouage [49]	—	Conception de haut niveau	Oui	Oui
.institut [50]	Établissements d’enseignement, programmes de formation, fondations, organismes de recherche, écoles militaires	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 83]	Oui	Oui
.Assurance	les compagnies d’assurance	Services de registre fTLD LLC [8]
.assurer	Compagnies d’assurance (vie, automobile, propriétaires, locataires), divisions d’assurance de grandes entreprises (location de voitures, garanties), courtiers et conseillers en assurance	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 84]	Oui	Oui
.international	Toute organisation ayant une présence internationale, consultants internationaux, entreprises d’import/export, organisations de voyages internationales	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 85]	Oui	Oui
.investissements	Services d’investissement (institutionnels, privés), services de gestion de patrimoine, planificateurs financiers, sociétés de courtage	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 86]	Oui	Oui
.irlandais	Produits ou services liés aux compagnies aériennes, agences de voyages nationales/internationales, ressources et services, écrivains et blogueurs de voyage, guides de voyage et sites de ressources en Irlande, opportunités saisonnières (Saint-Patrick)	—	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui

J

Nom	Marché cible	Restrictions	Opérateur/Registre	IDN	DNSSEC
.bijoux	Bijoutiers, acheteurs de bijoux, détaillants en ligne, grands magasins	—	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.emplois	Emploi	Pour les sites Web proposant des offres d’emploi et des offres d’emploi. [51]	Employez les médias	Non	Oui
.joie	Réservé à Amazon	Services de registre Amazon, Inc. [8]

K

Nom	Marché cible	Restrictions	Opérateur/Registre	IDN	DNSSEC
.kim	Kim (nom de famille coréen)	—	Affiliés	Inconnue	Oui
.cuisine	Restaurants, cafés et épiceries fines, stands de nourriture et vendeurs mobiles, services de repas et chefs personnels, magasins de fournitures de cuisine, blogs culinaires et sites de recettes	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 87]	Oui	Oui
.kascher	Certification et réglementation des aliments casher	—	OK Casher Certification

L

Nom	Marché cible	Restrictions	Opérateur/Registre	IDN	DNSSEC
.terre	Courtiers et agents immobiliers, promoteurs immobiliers résidentiels/commerciaux, constructeurs de maisons, sociétés de crédit immobilier, sites « classés » traditionnels	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 88]	Oui	Oui
.lat	Communautés et utilisateurs latino-américains	ECOM-LAC [8]
.droit	praticiens et éducateurs en droit	Réservé aux avocats qualifiés, aux tribunaux, aux facultés de droit et aux régulateurs juridiques. [52]	Groupe Minds + Machines Limité [8]
.avocat	Avocats indépendants et cabinets d’avocats de toute taille, entités de services juridiques, élus et juges, organisations professionnelles, étudiants en droit	—	Donuts Inc [n 1]	Oui	Oui
.bail	Courtiers/agents immobiliers, gestionnaires immobiliers, promoteurs de condos/appartements, cabinets d’avocats immobiliers	—	Donuts Inc [beignets 89]	Oui	Oui
.leclerc	Réservé à E.Leclerc	ACD LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc
.légal	Avocats, avocats et cabinets d’avocats, équipes juridiques d’entreprise, parajuristes, avocats, comités, associations et groupes d’intérêt associés à la loi	—	Donuts Inc	Oui	Oui
.lgbt	la communauté lesbienne, gay, bisexuelle et transgenre	“Registrants are prohibited from using the .LGBT domain in a manner that is harmful, threatening, abusive, harassing, defamatory, or hateful with respect to the LGBT community.”[53]	Afilias	Un­known	Yes
.life	Wellness and health experts, charities, coaches & personal development enthusiasts, lifestyle bloggers, anyone who wants to share personal stories	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 90]	Yes	Yes
.lifeinsurance	life insurance	American Council of Life Insurers[8]
.lighting	Lighting & lighting repair shops, lighting departments within home supply stores, contractors, commercial/residential architects, DIYers	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 91]	Yes	Yes
.like	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8]
.limited	Private companies, limited by shares, limited companies, businesses with “limited” or “LTD” in their names, specialty products and services, businesses that sell limited-quantity products	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 92]	Yes	Yes
.limo	Airline & travel-related products or services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, hotels, lodging, weddings, party and occasion-related services	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 93]	Yes	Yes
.link	connecting to information[54]	—	Uniregistry	Yes[15]	Yes
.live	Live streaming sites, entertainment/music venues, news sites/blogs, ticket sale/resale sites, video production companies	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.living	Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.[8]
.loan	banks and lenders	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[7]	Un­known	Yes
.loans	Mortgage companies, personal loan agencies, auto loan agencies & car dealerships, credit consolidation services	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 94]	Yes	Yes
.locker	Reserved for DISH DBS Corporation	Dish DBS Corporation[8]
.lol	LOL: laughing out loud (humorous or comedic content)	—	Uniregistry[55]	Un­known	Yes
.lotto	lottery	—	Afilias	Un­known	Yes
.love	dating sites	—	Un­known	Yes
.ltd	Private companies, limited by shares, limited companies, businesses with “limited” or “LTD” in their names, specialty products and services, businesses that sell limited-quantity products	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.luxury	businesses catering to the wealthy	—	Luxury Partners	Yes	Yes

M

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.makeup	Reserved for L’Oréal	L’Oréal[8]
.management	Property managers, wealth management firms, money management, systems & network managers, leadership teams	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 95]	Yes	Yes
.map	maps and navigation	Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[8]	No
.market	Online retailers, independent or chain grocery stores, buyer and seller communities, discount sites & coupon sites	—	Donuts Inc[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.marketing	Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies (digital & traditional), staffing agencies, marketing consultants	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 96]	Yes	Yes
.markets	Reserved for IG Group	IG Group	Un­known	Yes
.mba	Colleges, universities, & graduate programs, online educational sites, job search sites, MBA candidates	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.med	medicine and related topics	Medistry LLC[8]
.media	Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies (digital & traditional), news outlets, media bloggers, celebrity publications, digital publishers & graphic designers	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 97]	Yes	Yes
.meet	social gatherings, meeting new people	—	Afilias	Un­known	Yes
.meme	Internet memes	—	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes
.memorial	News site obituaries, personal tribute sites, floral & funeral arrangement companies	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.men	men	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[7]	Un­known	Yes
.menu	restaurants	—	Wedding TLD2	Yes	Yes
.mint	Reserved for Intuit Mint	Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.[8]
.mobi	mobile devices	Must be used for mobile-compatible sites in accordance with standards.	Afilias	Yes	Yes
.mobile	Dish DBS Corporation[8]
.mobily	Reserved for Mobily	GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.[8]
.moe	Japanese otaku culture; see moe (slang)	—	Interlink	Yes	Yes
.mom	mothers	Uniregistry, Corp.[8]
.money	Lenders, financial services businesses, money blogs & news sites, investment bankers & brokers, financial planners & experts	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.monster	Reserved for Monster.com	Monster Worldwide, Inc.	Yes	Yes
.mortgage	Mortgage brokers, real estate brokers/agents, home buyers, traditional “classified” sites	—	Donuts Inc[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.motorcycles	motorcycles	—	DERMotorcycles	Un­known	Yes
.mov	digital video	—	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes
.movie	Streaming movie services, movie studios & distributors, movie theaters & entertainment outlets, ticket sale/resale sites, movie review sites	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.museum	museums	Must be verified as a legitimate museum.	Museum Domain Management Association	Latin script[9]	Yes
.music	Music dissemination and appreciation	—	Under contention

N

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.name	individuals, by name	Open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register; however, registrations may be challenged later if they are not by individuals (or the owners of fictional characters) in accordance with the domain’s charter.	Verisign	Yes[9]	Yes
.navy	Naval training schools, navy supply stores, military recruiters, credit unions, navy members and veterans	—	Donuts Inc[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.network	IT professionals, tech consultants, career sites, industry-specific professional groups, social networks	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 98]	Yes	Yes
.new	Websites where people can create something	The second-level domain name must be the thing to be created immediately when a user visits the .new website. Most likely, the .new will redirect to a company’s main website.	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes
.news	News organizations, educational publications, trade publications, neighborhood news blogs	—	Un­known	Yes
.ngo	Non-governmental organizations. Sold packaged with .ong.	Restricted to validated NGOs, as determined by PIR. See the eligibility requirements.	Public Interest Registry	Un­known	Yes
.ninja	Sites promoting specialized skills, repair services (auto, appliance, etc.), gaming sites, martial arts organizations	—	Donuts Inc[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.now	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8]
.ntt	Restricted to use by NTT Japan. Refer to the .ntt Registration Policies page for more information.	Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation.[8]	Yes	Yes

O

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.observer	Reserved for The Observer	Top Level Spectrum, Inc.
.off	Reserved for Off!	Johnson Shareholdings, Inc.[8]
.org	general	—	Public Interest Registry
.one	general	—	One Registry	Un­known	Yes
.ong	Non-governmental organizations. Sold packaged with .ngo.	Restricted to validated NGOs, as determined by PIR. See the eligibility requirements.	Public Interest Registry	Un­known	Yes
.onl	generic	—	I-REGISTRY	Un­known	Yes
.online	generic	—	Radix Registry	Un­known	Yes
.ooo	general	Has usually used by Russian LTD (rus. Общество с ограниченной ответственностью, abbr. ООО)	Infibeam	Yes	Yes
.open	private to the “Registry Operator and its qualified Affiliates and Trademark Licensees”[56]	American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc.[8]
.organic	organic gardeners, farmers, foods, etc.	Registrants must be verified as a member of the organic community.[57]	Afilias	Un­known	Yes
.origins	Reserved for Origins	The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.[8]

P

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.page	Reserved for Google and related content	Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[8]
.partners	Law firms, real estate agencies, investment firms, accounting firms, nonprofit organizations	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 99]	Yes	Yes
.parts	Appliance wholesalers & service, tool rentals & service businesses, auto/boat/heavy equipment businesses	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 100]	Yes	Yes
.party	nightclubs and social gatherings	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[7]	Un­known	Yes
.pay	electronic payments	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8]
.pet	animals and pets	Afilias plc[8]
.pharmacy	pharmacies	“All registrants within the .pharmacy gTLD are vetted prior to registration to confirm that they meet all applicable regulatory standards, including pharmacy licensure and valid prescription requirements, in the jurisdictions where they are based and where they serve patients.”[58]	National Association of Boards of Pharmacy	Un­known	Yes
.phone	telephone-related businesses	Dish DBS Corporation[8]
.photo	photography and photo-sharing	—	Uniregistry	Yes[15]	Yes
.photography	Professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 101]	Yes	Yes
.photos	Professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 102]	Yes	Yes
.physio	physical therapists	Must be eligible for membership within an association that is a member of the World Confederation for Physical Therapy, have proper training as a physical therapist outside WCPT’s reach, or otherwise supports physical therapy.[59][60]	PhysBiz	Un­known	Yes
.pics	photography and photo-sharing	—	Uniregistry	Yes[15]	Yes
.pictures	Professional photographers, camera and equipment retailers, photo studios & photography schools, wedding and specialty photographers, anyone who wants to share photos online	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 103]	Yes	Yes
.pid	personal identification	—	Top Level Spectrum	Un­known	Yes
.pin	Reserved for Amazon	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8]
.pink	those who like the color pink	—	Afilias	Yes	Yes
.pizza	Pizzerias, take & bake pizza shops, Italian or Greek restaurants, pizza brands found in grocery stores	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 104]	Yes	Yes
.place	Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources & services, travel writers & bloggers, tourist attractions, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 105]	Yes	Yes
.plumbing	Plumbers & plumbing repair businesses, plumbing departments within home supply stores, contractors/subcontractors, DIYers	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 106]	Yes	Yes
.plus	Consumer commodity stores & sites, clothing (plus, big & tall), service-based businesses, any entity wanting to show their competitive advantage	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.poker	Poker players and sites	—	Afilias[n 5]	Un­known	Yes
.porn	adult entertainment (pornography)	For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography.	Afilias	Yes	Yes
.post	postal services	The .post TLD is restricted to Postal Administrations as defined in the Universal Postal Union constitution, and their large customers who wish to provide “Trusted Postal Services”.[61]	Universal Postal Union	No[62]	Yes
.press	publishing and journalism	—	Radix Registry	Un­known	Yes
.prime	Reserved for Amazon Prime	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8]
.pro	professions/professionals	—	Registry Services Corporation	No	Yes
.productions	Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies (digital & traditional), video production services, anyone in the film industry	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 107]	Yes	Yes
.prof	Professors, teachers and learning	—	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes
.promo	advertising	Afilias plc[8]
.properties	Real estate brokers/agents, residential/Commercial land developers, property (condo/apartment) managers, home builders, mortgage companies	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 108]	Yes	Yes
.property	real estate	—	Uniregistry	Yes[15]	Yes
.protection	security	XYZ.COM LLC[8]
.pub	Pubs, bars & nightclubs, burger joints, breweries & taphouses, beer distributors, restaurant & bar suppliers publications	—	Donuts Inc[n 1]	Yes	Yes

Q

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.qpon	coupons	—	dotCOOL	Un­known	Yes
.quebec	—	—	—	Un­known	Yes

R

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.racing	racing	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[7]	Un­known	Yes
.radio	radio stations	European Broadcasting Union (EBU)[8]
.read	Reserved for Amazon books	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8]
.realestate	real estate	dotRealEstate LLC[8]
.realtor	realtors	To be restricted to members of the National Association of Realtors and the Canadian Real Estate Association, and related associations.[63]	Real Estate Domains	Un­known	Yes
.realty	realty and housing	Fegistry, LLC[8]
.recipes	Recipe sites, food & beverage grocery brands, health & fitness organizations, cooking enthusiasts, personal/professional chefs	—	Donuts[donuts 109]	Yes	Yes
.red	those who like the color red[64] Also Spanish variant of .net Also likely to be attractive for domain hacks for words that end with ‘-red’.	—	Afilias	Yes	Yes
.rehab	Physical and occupational therapists and professionals, drug, alcohol and gambling addiction counselors, rehabilitation facilities and recovery centers, online health directories, physical or emotional health associations	—	Donuts Inc[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.reit	real estate investment trusts	Restricted to REITs, as determined by national law.[65]	National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts	Un­known	Yes
.rent	Real estate professionals and small businesses	—	xyz.xyz	Un­known	Yes
.rentals	Real estate brokers/agents, city guides, college housing centers, & community centers, vehicle, equipment, or entertainment/event rentals, property managers, condo/apartment developers	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 110]	Yes	Yes
.repair	General or specialty repair shops, construction contractors/subcontractors, DIYers, appliance wholesalers & service, auto/boat businesses	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 111]	Yes	Yes
.report	News and current events sites, financial reporting sites, financial or business analysts, consumer product reviews, police, school, or other community report listings	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 112]	Yes	Yes
.republican	Political candidates, lobbyists, political parties, fundraising organizations	—	Donuts Inc[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.rest	Restaurants and related industry	—	Punto 2012	Yes[66]	Yes
.restaurant	Casual eateries, gourmet restaurants, suppliers, chains, review sites, reservation sites & services	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 113]	Yes	Yes
.review	public reviews	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[7]	Un­known	Yes
.reviews	News media, food publications, travel publications, literary publications, any product & service with online reviews	—	Donuts Inc[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.rich	businesses catering to the wealthy	—	I-REGISTRY	Un­known	Yes
.rip	Loved ones seeking to memorialize the deceased, funeral homes and cemeteries, businesses that support the funeral industry, obituary websites[67]	—	Donuts Inc[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.rocks	Pop culture sites, niche and fan sites, musicians, gemstone & jewelry companies	—	Donuts Inc[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.rodeo	Rodeo interest	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Yes	Yes
.room	lodging or room design	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8]
.rugby	rugby	World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited[8]
.run	Runners, running shoe retailers, specialty running gear shops, running event organizers	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes

S

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.safe	security and safety	Reserved for Amazon	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8]
.sale	Online and brick-and-mortar retailers and wholesalers, automotive and motorcycle dealers, discount, flash sale, and deal websites, auction sites and individuals selling items they no longer need	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.salon	Hair salons, nail salons, beauty product companies, beauty schools	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.save	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8]
.sbi	State Bank of India
.scholarships	scholarship related	—	Scholarships.com[68][69]	Un­known	Un­known
.school	Public schools, private & charter schools, specialty and trade schools, online learning sites, resource sites for teachers	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 114]	Yes	Yes
.science	science-related sites	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[7]	Un­known	Yes
.search	search engines	Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[8]
.secure	security	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8]
.security	XYZ.COM LLC[8]
.select	iSelect Ltd[8]
.services	Service division of any company, home services (cleaning, landscaping, plumbing, pet care), business services (tech support, interior design, translation services), community service organizations	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 115]	Yes	Yes
.sex	adult entertainment (pornography)	For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography.	ICM Registry	Yes	Yes
.sexy	adult entertainment	—	Uniregistry	Yes[15]	Yes
.shoes	Shoe stores, department stores, online retailers, athletic shoe retailers, discount shoe stores	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 116]	Yes	Yes
.shop	GMO Registry, Inc.[8]
.shopping	Online retailers, shopping centers, personal shoppers, discount sites & coupon sites, shopping blogs & product reviews	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.show	Ticket sale/resale sites, performance halls, music clubs/bars, streaming video services, movie review sites, travel sites & city guides	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.showtime	Reserved for Showtime	CBS Domains Inc.[8]
.silk	Reserved for Amazon Silk	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8]
.singles	(Tickets) Ticket sale/resale sites, gaming agencies, movie review sites, city guides, sports sites (Dating) Dating & matchmaker sites, singles meetup groups, traditional “classified” sites, travel sites & city guides	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 117]	Yes	Yes
.site	general	—	Un­known	Yes
.ski	skiing	STARTING DOT LIMITED[8]
.skin	Reserved for L’Oréal	L’Oréal[8]
.sky	Sky International AG[8]
.sling	Reserved for Sling Media	Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation[8]
.smile	Reserved for Amazon	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8]
.sncf	Reserved to the SNCF company.	SNCF
.soccer	Professional & amateur soccer clubs, soccer equipment suppliers & manufacturers, soccer & sports media networks, soccer players, enthusiasts, & spectators, soccer camps, coaches, & training organizations	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.social	Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, media buying/production companies (digital & traditional), blogs & forums, event & meetup groups, any person or organization driving awareness of their social presence	—	Donuts Inc[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.software	Software testing, support, & consulting companies, software product developers & manufacturers, software training & educational institutions, software resellers	—	Donuts Inc[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.solar	Renewable & sustainable energy producers, solar panel, roof tile, & storage producers, solar cell battery, chargers, lights, speakers, & generator manufacturers, sunglass, shades, UV clothing, sunblock & other solar protection products	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 118]	Yes	Yes
.solutions	SaaS providers, people who offer do-it-yourself tips and tutorials, consultants, any business focused on providing the right solutions to their customers’ problems.	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 119]	Yes	Yes
.song	Reserved for Amazon Music	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8]
.spa	Spas	—	Asia Spa and Wellness Promotion Council Limited
.space	as a creative space	—	Radix Registry	Un­known	Yes
.spreadbetting	Spread betting	DOTSPREADBETTING REGISTRY LTD[8]
.spot	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8]
.sport	sport institutions	Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF)
.srl	Spanish/Italian/Romanian/French limited liability companies	InterNetX GmbH
.stockholm	Stockholm municipality in Sweden
.storage	Self storage	Self Storage Company LLC[8]
.store	stores	—	Radix Registry	Yes	Yes
.stream	streaming media	Global Registry Services Ltd[7]
.studio	Advertising/Marketing/PR/Design agencies, creative freelancers, other creative agencies (i.e., animation, production), dance, yoga, or fitness studios	—	Donuts Inc[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.study	education	OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD[8]
.style	Fashion bloggers, department stores, designers, online retailers	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.sucks	gripe sites	—	Vox Populi	Un­known	Yes
.supplies	Contractors, distribution companies, appliance wholesalers & service, auto/boat/heavy equipment businesses, home services retailers	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 120]	Yes	Yes
.supply	Contractors, distribution companies, appliance wholesalers & service, auto/boat/heavy equipment businesses	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 121]	Yes	Yes
.support	IT/Tech support services, social services, customer service & support departments, independent consultants & consulting firms, staffing services	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 122]	Yes[70]	Yes
.surf	surfing	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Un­known	Yes
.surgery	Surgeons, primary/secondary care physicians, hospitals & clinics, healthcare providers, insurance providers	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 123]	Yes	Yes
.systems	IT businesses, other tech-focused businesses, businesses that sell electronics or home security systems, organizational consultants	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 124]	Yes	Yes

T

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.talk	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8]
.tattoo	tattoo aficionados	—	Uniregistry	Yes[15]	Yes
.tax	Accounting & bookkeeping firms, tax advisors, auditors, financial experts & advisors	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.taxi	Airline & travel-related products or services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging, tourist attractions	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.team	Professional & amateur sports teams, sports equipment suppliers & manufacturers, sports media, athletes & fans, clubs, online communities & business organizations	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.tech	technology	—	Radix Registry	Yes	Yes
.technology	Tech-focused businesses & tech startups, businesses that sell to tech companies, developers, coders, programmers, computer retailers, technology blogs, news sites, & review sites, hardware & software companies, R&D companies, tech product manufacturers	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.tel	internet communication services	A contact directory housing all types of contact information directly in the Domain Name System.	Yes[71]	Yes
.tennis	Tennis courts, clubs & other venues, tennis equipment suppliers and retailers, professional & amateur tennis players, sports media	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.theater	Entertainment & movie theater outlets, live performance theaters, professional performer associations, movie review sites, travel sites & city guides	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.theatre	theatre	XYZ.COM LLC[8]
.tickets	ticket resale	Accent Media Limited[8]
.tips	Travel, hotel & hospitality companies, cooking & recipe publications, parenting & and relationship publications, manufacturers of any product with assembly instructions, publications that provide advice on gratuity practices around the world	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.tires	Tire wholesalers, tire retailers, auto repair shops	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.today	News & current event sites, websites that publish daily content, daily inspiration sites, sites with daily rotating deals or offers, anyone who wants to spur immediate action	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.tools	Tool shops, tool departments within home supply stores, contractors, subcontractors, construction-related businesses	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.top	general	—	Jiangsu Bangning	Un­known	Yes
.tours	Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources & services, tourist attractions, outdoor adventure companies, private plane/helicopter tours & services	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.town	Travel agencies, resources & services, local business associations, city guides & resource sites, transportation businesses, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.toys	Toy stores, online retailers, department stores, game companies, sporting goods companies	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.trade	businesses	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[7]	Yes	Yes
.trading	DOTTRADING REGISTRY LTD[8]
.training	Personal trainers & nutrition coaches, gyms and fitness centers, sports medicine practitioners, business that sell sports gear or apparel, or fan merchandise, animal trainers, career or vocational training centers	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.travel	Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources, bloggers & services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, destination resorts, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging, any other travel or transportation business	Must be verified as a legitimate travel-related entity.	No	Yes
.travelersinsurance	Reserved for Travelers Insurance	Travelers TLD, LLC[8]
.trust	Artemis Internet Inc[8]
.tube	Latin American Telecom LLC[8]
.tunes	Reserved for Amazon Music	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8]

U

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.uconnect	Not assigned[8][72]
.university	Online universities, brick-and-mortar universities, university-related clubs & organizations	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.uno	general, Spanish and Italian speakers, Uno (card game)

V

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.vacations	Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources, bloggers & services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, destination resorts, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.ventures	Venture capital investment firms, business financial services, business consultants, programs & services for entrepreneurs	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.vet	Veterinarians, veterinary clinics and hospitals, wholesale suppliers for veterinary supplies	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.video	Video production & media companies, videographers, video editors, script writers, & producers, streaming video sites services, creative agencies	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.villas	International real estate brokers/agents, international travel agencies, resources & services, travel writers & bloggers, traditional “classified” sites	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.vin	Wineries, wine shops & wine bars, wine distributors, wine clubs & online retailers, wine review sites and apps	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.vip	Very important persons	Minds + Machines Group Limited[8]
.vision	Opticians & optometry clinics, healthcare providers, insurance provider, glasses retailers, online and brick & mortar	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.vodka	vodka-related businesses and interest	—	Yes	Yes
.volvo	Only Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag and its Affiliates are eligible to register a Domain Name under the .volvo Domain [73]	AB Volvo	Un­known	Yes
.vote	democratic elections and campaign websites	Must use the domain in connection with a “clearly identified political/democratic process.”[74]	Afilias	Un­known	Yes
.voting	polling sites	—	Latin and Cyrillic scripts[9]	Yes
.voyage	Airline-related products or services, travel agencies, resources, bloggers & services, city guides & tourist attractions, transportation businesses, hotels, hostels, B&Bs, lodging	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes

W

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.wang	general Wǎng is a Chinese Mandarin pinyin rendering of 网 (traditional 網) meaning “web” or “portal”.[75] Wang is also a common surname in mainland China.	—	Zodiac Registry	Yes[76]	Yes
.watch	Watchmakers, jewelry stores, watch repair shops, neighborhood watch groups	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.watches	watches	Richemont DNS Inc.[8]
.weather	Reserved for The Weather Channel	International Business Machines Corporation[8]
.webcam	web cam shows and video sharing	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[7]	Yes	Yes
.website	general	—	Radix Registry	Un­known	Yes
.wed	engaged couples and wedding-oriented businesses	This TLD is intended primarily for engaged couples on a short-term basis (two years with large third-year renewal fees for second-level domains).[77] And although the registry is advertising for multiple world languages, all domains appear to need to be in Latin script.[78]	No	Yes
.wedding	wedding-oriented businesses	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Yes	Yes
.whoswho	Who’s Who (general)	An open TLD, any person or entity is permitted to register. Conceived for those cited in one of the Who’s Who reference titles published around the world, the registry was opened for use by private individuals, and for-profit and nonprofit entities, including those with social media aspirations. Registry policies allow for rapid takedown of non-compliant domains, for violations including imposturous registration of another’s names, and proscribed uses, including pornography or adult services/applications.	Who’s Who Registry	Yes	Yes
.wiki	wikis	“An open TLD for anyone interested in community resource creation”	Top Level Design	Yes	Yes
.win	games, Microsoft Windows	—	Global Registry Services Ltd[7]	Un­known	Yes
.wine	Wineries, wine bars, wine shops, wine distributors, wine clubs & online retailers, wine review sites	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.winners	Reserved for TJX Companies	The TJX Companies, Inc.[8]
.work	general	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Yes	Yes
.works	Contractors, distribution companies, appliance wholesalers & service, auto/boat/heavy equipment businesses, companies with solution based products or services	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.world	Brands with an international presence, nonprofits and charities, travel agencies & adventure companies, world travelers & global communities, any business with “world” in its name	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.wow	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8]
.wtf	Bargain websites, photo & video aggregators, meme sites, news of the weird	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes

X

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.xxx	adult entertainment (pornography)	For sites providing sexually explicit content, such as pornography.	Uniregistry	Yes	Yes
.xyz	general	—	XYZ.com	Yes[79]	Yes

Y

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.yachts	yachts	DERYachts, LLC	[8]
.yoga	yoga	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Yes	Yes
.you	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8]
.youtube	Reserved for YouTube	Google, LLC

Z

Name	Target market	Restrictions	Operator/Registry	IDN	DNSSEC
.zero	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8]
.zip	digital storage information, providers, and related entities	Charleston Road Registry Inc. (Google)[8]
.zone	Sports fans, technology groups & followers, entertainment, fairs, destinations with a “zone”, city planners & zoning regulators, any topic with a following	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes

Chinese

Name	Chinese term	Translation	Restrictions	Operator	IDN	DNSSEC
.ren	人 rén	“people/person” in Mandarin pinyin	Restricted TLD[80]	(Cancelled)[81]	Un­known	Yes
.shouji	手机 shŏujī	mobile phone	QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
.tushu	图书 túshū	books	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
.wanggou	网购 wǎnggòu	online shopping	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.
.weibo	微博 wēibó	microblogging	Sina Corporation
.xihuan	喜欢 xǐhuān	like	QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD.
.xin	信 xìn	credit; honest	Alibaba Group

French

Name	Translation	Restrictions	Operator	IDN	DNSSEC
.arte	Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E.	[8]
.clinique	“hospital”	The Estée Lauder Companies Inc.	[8]
.luxe	“luxury”	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Un­known	Yes
.maison	“house”	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 125]	Yes	Yes
.moi	“me”	Amazon Registry Services, Inc.	[8]
.rsvp	Invitations and replies	—	Google[n 2]	Un­known	Yes
.sarl	Société à responsabilité limitée, Francophone Limited liability company	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 126]	Yes	Yes

German

Name	Translation	Restrictions	Operator	IDN	DNSSEC
.epost	e-mail	Deutsche Post AG
.gmbh	GmbH	Upon request, you will be required to demonstrate current or pending designation as a GmbH company whose existence can be validated with the respective public authorities in Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein or Switzerland.	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.haus	“house”	—	Donuts Inc[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.immobilien	“real estate”	—	Donuts Inc[n 1]	Yes[9]	Yes
.jetzt	“now”	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.kaufen	“buy”	—	Donuts Inc[n 1]	Yes[9]	Yes
.kinder	“children”	restricted .brand TLD	Ferrero Trading Lux S.A.
.reise	“travel”	Must be an eligible member of the travel business community; also, domain must be used for travel-related purposes.[82]	Donuts Inc	Yes[9]	Yes
.reisen	“traveling”	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 127]	Yes[9]	Yes
.schule	“school”	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 128]	Yes	Yes
.versicherung	“insurance”	—	Latin script[9]	Yes

Hindi

Name	Translation	Restrictions	Operator	IDN	DNSSEC
.desi	देसी, Hindi for the peoples and cultures of South Asia See also Desi	—	Desi Networks	Un­known	Yes
.shiksha	शिक्षा, Marathi and Hindi for “education”.	—	Afilias	Un­known	Yes
.भारत

Italian

Name	Translation	Restrictions	Operator	IDN	DNSSEC
.casa	“house”	—	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Yes	Yes
.immo	French, German,[83] and Italian abbreviation for “real estate”	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 129]	Yes	Yes
.moda	“fashion”	—	Donuts Inc[n 1]	Yes[9]	Yes
.voto	“vote”, for election and campaign websites	Must use the domain in connection with a “clearly identified political/democratic process.”[84] Initially only available to registrations in the United States.[85]	Afilias	Un­known	Yes

Portuguese

Name	Translation	Restrictions	Operator	IDN	DNSSEC
.bom	good	Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR – NIC.br
.passagens	ticket	Travel Reservations SRL

Spanish

Name	Translation	Restrictions	Operator	IDN	DNSSEC
.abogado	“lawyer”	To be restricted to licensed lawyers or law firms.[86]	Minds + Machines[n 3]	Un­known	Yes
.futbol	“Football” (soccer)	—	Donuts Inc[n 1]	Yes	Yes
.gratis	“free”	—	Donuts Inc[donuts 130]	Yes	Yes
.hoteles	“hotels”	Travel Reservations SRL
.juegos	“games”	—	Uniregistry	Yes[15]	Yes
.ltda	companies in South America	Domains are limited to registered LTDAs (like LLCs) in Brazil, Colombia, Chile, and Ecuador.[87]	InterNetX	Un­known	Yes
.soy	“I am” Also refers to the soybean and its food derivatives	—	Google[n 2]	Latin script, Japanese[88]	Yes
.tienda	“shop”, “store”	—	Donuts Inc	Yes	Yes
.uno	“one”, for websites targeting Spanish speaking consumers	—	Spanish	Yes
.viajes	“travel” or “trips”	—	Donuts Inc	Spanish	Yes
.vuelos	“flights”	Travel Reservations SRL	Yes	Yes

Internationalized generic top-level domains

All of these TLDs are internationalized domain names (IDN) and support second-level IDNs.

• Notes: general remarks and intended use
• DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

Arabic script

DNS Name	IDN	Language	Script	Transliteration	English Translation	Notes	DNSSEC
xn--4gbrim[89]	.موقع	Arabic	Arabic	mawqiʿ	“site” or “location”	Open TLD	Yes
xn--fhbei[89]	.كوم	Arabic	kwm	com	Owned by: VeriSign Sarl[8]
xn--mgbb9fbpob[89]	.موبايلي	Arabic	mūbāylī	Mobily	Owned by: GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.[8]
xn--mgbi4ecexp[89]	.كاثوليك	Arabic	kāthūlīk	Catholic	Owned by: Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)[8]
xn--ngbc5azd[89]	.شبكة	Arabic	Arabic	shabaka	“network”	Open TLD	Yes
xn--ngbe9e0a[89]	.بيتك	Arabic	baytak	your home	Owned by: Kuwait Finance House[8]
xn--mgbab2bd[89]	.بازار	Persian	Arabic	bâzâr	“market”, “bazaar”	Open TLD	Yes

Chinese characters

DNS Name	IDN	Language	Script	Transliteration	English Translation	Notes	DNSSEC
xn--3ds443g[89]	.在线	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	zàixiàn	“online”	Open TLD. The Chinese Government quickly bought 20,000 internationalized subdomains for localities.[90]	Yes
xn--fiq228c5hs[89]	.中文网	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	Zhōngwén wǎng	“(written) Chinese (language) network”	Open TLD. The Chinese Government quickly bought 20,000 IDN for localities.[90]	Yes
xn--ses554g[89]	.网址	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	wǎngzhǐ	“network address” or “website”	Open TLD	Yes
xn--5tzm5g[89]	.网站	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	wǎngzhàn	“website”	Open TLD	Yes
xn--io0a7i[89]	.网络	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	wǎngluò	“network”	Open TLD	Yes
xn--55qx5d[89]	.公司	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified and Traditional)	gōngsī	“business organization” or “company”	Open TLD	Yes
xn--czru2d[89]	.商城	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified and Traditional)	shāngchéng	“mall”	Open TLD	Yes
xn--nqv7f[89]	.机构	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	jīgòu	“agency”	Open TLD	Yes
xn--6qq986b3xl[89]	.我爱你	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	wǒ ài nǐ	“I love you”	Open TLD	Yes
xn--czr694b[89]	.商标	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	shāngbiāo	“trademark”	Open TLD	Yes
xn--rhqv96g[89]	.世界	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified and Traditional)	shìjiè	“world”	Open TLD	Yes
xn--3bst00m[89]	.集团	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	jítuán	“conglomerate”	Open TLD	Yes
xn--30rr7y[89]	.慈善	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	Císhàn	“philanthropy”	Open TLD	Yes
xn--45q11c[89]	.八卦	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	Bāguà	“gossip”	Open TLD	Yes
xn--55qw42g[89]	.公益	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	Gōngyì	“philanthropy”	Open TLD	Yes

Cyrillic script

DNS Name	IDN	Language	Script	Transliteration	English Translation	Notes	DNSSEC
xn--d1acj3b[89]	.дети	Russian	Cyrillic (Russian)	dyeti	“kids” or “children”	Open TLD	Yes
xn--80aqecdr1a[89]	.католик	Cyrillic	Katolik	Catholic	Owned by: Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (Pontifical Council for Social Communications)[8]
xn--j1aef[89]	.ком	Russian	Cyrillic (Russian)	kom	com	Owned by: VeriSign Sarl
xn--80asehdb[89]	.онлайн	Russian	Cyrillic (Russian)	onlain	“online”	Open TLD	Yes
xn--c1avg[89]	.орг	Russian	Cyrillic (Russian)	org	“org” or “organization”	Open TLD	Yes
xn--80aswg[89]	.сайт	Russian	Cyrillic (Russian)	sait	“site”	Open TLD	Yes

Japanese characters

DNS Name	IDN	Language	Script	Transliteration	English Translation	Notes	DNSSEC
xn--q9jyb4c[89]	.みんな	Japanese	Hiragana	minna	everyone	Open TLD[91]	Yes
xn--1ck2e1b[89]	.セール	Japanese	Katakana	sēru	sale	Owned by: Amazon Registry Services, Inc.[8]
xn--bck1b9a5dre4c[89]	.ファッション	Japanese	Katakana	fasshon	fashion
xn--cck2b3b[89]	.ストア	Japanese	Katakana	sutoa	store
xn--eckvdtc9d[89]	.ポイント	Japanese	Katakana	pointo	point
xn--gckr3f0f[89]	.クラウド	Japanese	Katakana	kuraudo	cloud
xn--tckwe[89]	.コム	Japanese	Katakana	komu	com	Owned by: VeriSign Sarl[8]

Other script

DNS Name	IDN	Language	Script	Transliteration	English Translation	Notes	DNSSEC
xn‐‐h2brj9c[92]	.भारत	Hindi	Devanagari	bharat	India
xn--i1b6b1a6a2e[89]	.संगठन	Marathi, Hindi	Devanagari	saṅgaṭhana	“organization”	Open TLD	Yes
xn--11b4c3d[89]	.कॉम	Marathi, Hindi	Devanagari	kom	com
xn--c2br7g[89]	.नेट	Marathi, Hindi	Devanagari	net	net
xn--mk1bu44c[89]	.닷컴	Korean	Hangul	datkeom / tatk’ŏm	dotcom
xn--t60b56a[89]	.닷넷	Korean	Hangul	datnet / tatnet	dotnet
xn--9dbq2a[89]	.קום	Hebrew	Hebrew	qwm	“com”	Open TLD	Yes
xn--42c2d9a[89]	.คอม	Thai	Thai	khom	com

Geographic top-level domains

• Name: DNS name
• Entity: Target geographic area
• Notes: general remarks
• IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
• DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

Africa

Name	Entity	Notes	IDN	DNSSEC
.africa	Africa	[8][93]	Yes
.capetown	Cape Town, South Africa	[94]	Un­known	Yes
.durban	Durban, South Africa	[95]	Un­known	Yes
.joburg	Johannesburg, South Africa	[96]	Un­known	Yes

Asia

Name	Entity	Notes	IDN	DNSSEC
.abudhabi	Abu Dhabi	[8]
.arab	League of Arab States	[8]
.asia	Asia-Pacific region	This is a TLD for companies, organizations, and individuals based in the region of Asia, Australia, and the Pacific.	Chinese, Japanese, Korean[9]	Yes
.doha	Doha	[8]
.dubai	Dubai	[8]
.krd	Kurdistan	This is a TLD for companies, organizations, and individuals based in the region of Kurdistan[97][98]	Kurdish	Yes
.kyoto	Kyoto, Japan	[99]
.nagoya	Nagoya, Japan	[100]	Japanese[9]	Yes
.okinawa	Okinawa, Japan	Japanese	Yes
.osaka	Osaka, Japan	[8]
.ryukyu	Ryukyu Islands, Japan	[101]	Un­known	Yes
.taipei	Taipei, Taiwan	Introduced in September 2014[102]	Un­known	Yes
.tatar	Tatar peoples and places	Tatarstan is a region in Russia, though this TLD is meant for the global Tatar community.[103]	Un­known	Yes
.tokyo	Tokyo, Japan	[104]	Yes	Yes
.yokohama	Yokohama, Japan	[105]	Japanese	Yes

Europe

Geographic TLDs in France

Geographic TLDs in Spain

Geographic TLDs in Germany

Other European Geographic TLDs

Name	Entity	Notes	IDN	DNSSEC
.alsace	Alsace	[106]	Un­known	Yes
.bzh	Brittany; Breton language and culture	Breizh in Breton.[107] This is a TLD for Web sites in the Breton language or related to Breton culture	French[9]	Yes
.corsica	Corsica	TLD Related to Corsican Culture	Un­known	Yes
.cat	Catalonia; Catalan language and culture	This is a TLD for Web sites in the Catalan language or related to Catalan culture.[108]	Catalan[9]	Yes
.eus	Basque, Spain and France	Euskal Herria in Basque. Web sites must be in the Basque language and are checked periodically.[109]	Un­known	Yes
.paris	Paris	[110]	French[9]	Yes
Name	Entity	Notes	IDN	DNSSEC
.bcn	Barcelona	[8]
.barcelona	Un­known	Yes
.cat	Catalonia; Catalan language and culture	This is a TLD for Web sites in the Catalan language or related to Catalan culture.[111]	Catalan[9]	Yes
.eus	Basque, Spain and France	Euskal Herria in Basque. Web sites must be in the Basque language and are checked periodically.[109]	Un­known	Yes
.gal	Galicia	This is a TLD for Web sites in the Galician language or related to Galician culture.[112]	Un­known	Yes
.madrid	Madrid	[113]	Un­known	Yes
Name	Entity	Notes	IDN	DNSSEC
.bayern	Bavaria	[114]	Yes	Yes
.berlin	Berlin	Must have a connection to Berlin, Germany for example a company based in Berlin or a person from Berlin etc.[115]	Latin and Cyrillic scripts[9]	Yes
.cologne	Cologne	[116]	Yes	Yes
.koeln	[117]	Yes	Yes
.hamburg	Hamburg	Latin script[9]	Yes
.nrw	North Rhine-Westphalia	[118]	Yes	Yes
.ruhr	Ruhr	[119]	German[9]	Yes
.saarland	Saarland	[120]	Un­known	Yes
Name	Entity	Notes	IDN	DNSSEC
.amsterdam	Amsterdam, Netherlands	[121]	Un­known	Yes
.bar	Bar, Montenegro	[8] Mostly used for bars and other alcohol facilities worldwide	Un­known	Un­known
.brussels	Brussels, Belgium	[122]	Latin script[9]	Yes
.budapest	Budapest, Hungary	[123]	Un­known	Yes
.cymru	Wales, United Kingdom	[124]	Welsh[9]	Yes
.wales	[124]	Welsh[9]	Yes
.frl	Friesland, Netherlands	Fryslân in (West) Frisian, one of the twelve provinces in the Netherlands.[125]	Un­known	Yes
.gent	Ghent, Belgium	[126]	Un­known	Yes
.helsinki	Helsinki, Finland	Un­known	Un­known
.irish	Ireland; global Irish community	Un­known	Yes
.ist	İstanbul, Turkey	Un­known	Un­known
.istanbul	Un­known	Un­known
.london	London, United Kingdom	[127]	Yes	Yes
.moscow [ru]	Moscow, Russia	[128]	Yes	Yes
.scot	Scotland, United Kingdom	[129]	Un­known	Yes
.stockholm	Stockholm, Sweden	[8]	Yes[130]
.swiss	Switzerland	[8]	Yes[131]	Yes
.tirol	Tyrol, Austria	[132]	Yes[9]	Yes
.vlaanderen	Flanders, Belgium	[133]	Latin script[9]	Yes
.wien	Vienna, Austria	[134]	Latin script[9]	Yes
.zuerich	Zurich, Switzerland	[135]	Un­known	Yes

North America

Name	Entity	Notes	IDN	DNSSEC	Alternatives
.boston	Boston, Massachusetts	[8]	.boston.ma.us
.miami	Miami, Florida	[136]	Un­known	Yes
.nyc	New York City, New York	[137]	Spanish[9]	Yes	.new-york.ny.us
.quebec	Quebec, Canada	[138]	Un­known	Yes	.qc.ca
.vegas	Las Vegas, Nevada	[139]	Yes	Yes	.las-vegas.nv.us

Oceania

Name	Entity	Notes	IDN	DNSSEC
.kiwi	New Zealanders	[140]	Latin script[9]	Yes
.melbourne	Melbourne, Australia	[141]	Un­known	Yes
.sydney	Sydney, Australia	[142]	Un­known	Yes

South America

Name	Entity	Notes	IDN	DNSSEC
.lat	Latin America	[143]	Spanish[144]	Yes
.rio	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	[145]	Un­known	Yes

Internationalized geographic top-level domains

DNS name	Display name	Entity	Language	Script	Transliteration	Notes	Other TLD	IDN	DNSSEC
xn--1qqw23a[89]	.佛山	Foshan, China	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	fat6 saan1	[146]	Yes	Yes
xn--xhq521b[89]	.广东	Guangdong, China	Chinese	Chinese (Simplified)	gwong2 dung1	[8]
xn--80adxhks[89]	.москва [ru]	Moscow, Russia	Russian	Cyrillic (Russian)	moskva	[147]	.moscow	Russian[9]	Yes
xn--p1acf[89]	.рус [ru]	Russian language, post-Soviet states	Russian	Cyrillic (Russian)	rus	[8]	.su
xn--mgbca7dzdo[89]	.ابوظبي	Abu Dhabi	Arabic	Arabic	Abū Ẓabī	[8]	.abudhabi
xn--ngbrx[89]	.عرب	Arab	Arabic	Arabic	‘Arab	[8]

Brand top-level domains

• Name: DNS name
• Entity: company and/or brand
• Notes: general remarks
• IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
• DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions

Name	Entity	Notes	IDN	DNSSEC
.aaa	American Automobile Association	[8]
.aarp	AARP	[8]
.abarth	Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Abarth)	[8]
.abb	ABB	[8]
.abbott	Abbott Laboratories	[8]
.abbvie	AbbVie	[8]
.abc	American Broadcasting Company[148]	[8]
.accenture	Accenture	[8]
.aco	ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG	[8]
.aeg	Aktiebolaget Electrolux	[8]
.aetna	Aetna	[8]
.afl	Australian Football League	[8]
.agakhan	Aga Khan Foundation	[8]
.aig	American International Group	[8]
.aigo	Aigo	[8]
.airbus	Airbus	[8]
.airtel	Bharti Airtel	[8]
.akdn	Aga Khan Foundation	[8]
.alfaromeo	Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Alfa Romeo)	[8]
.alibaba	Alibaba Group	[8]
.alipay	Alibaba Group	[8]
.allfinanz	Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft	[149]	Un­known	Yes
.allstate	Allstate	[8]
.ally	Ally Financial	[8]
.alstom	Alstom	[8]
.amazon	Amazon
.americanexpress	American Express	[8]
.amex	American Express	[8]
.amica	Amica Mutual Insurance	[8]
.android	Google (Android)	[150]	Un­known	Yes
.anz	Australia & New Zealand Banking Group	[8]
.aol	AOL	[8]
.apple	Apple	[8]
.aquarelle	Aquarelle.com Group	[151]	Un­known	Yes
.aramco	Aramco	[8]
.audi	Audi	[8]
.auspost	Australia Post	[8]
.aws	Amazon Web Services	[8]
.axa	Axa	[152]	Yes[9]	Yes
.azure	Microsoft	[8]
.baidu	Baidu	[8]
.bananarepublic	Gap (Banana Republic)	[8]
.barclaycard	Barclays	[153]	Un­known	Yes
.barclays	Barclays	[153]	Un­known	Yes
.basketball	FIBA	[154]
.bauhaus	Werkhaus GmbH	[8]
.bbc	BBC	[8]
.bbt	BB&T	[8]
.bbva	Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria	[8]
.bcg	Boston Consulting Group	[8]
.bentley	Bentley	[8]
.bharti	Bharti Enterprises	[8]
.bing	Microsoft (Bing)	[8]
.blanco	BLANCO GmbH + Co KG	[8]
.bloomberg	Bloomberg	[155]	Un­known	Yes
.bms	Bristol-Myers Squibb	[8]
.bmw	BMW	[156]	No	Yes
.bnl	Banca Nazionale del Lavoro	[157]	Un­known	Yes
.bnpparibas	BNP Paribas	[158]	Un­known	Yes
.boehringer	Boehringer Ingelheim	[8]
.bond	Bond University[8]	Later became a gTLD on 26 November 2019
.booking	Booking.com	[8]
.bosch	Robert Bosch GmbH	[8]
.bostik	Bostik	[8]
.bradesco	Bradesco	[159]	Un­known	Yes
.bridgestone	Bridgestone	[8]
.brother	Brother Industries	[8]
.bugatti	Bugatti	[8]
.cal	Google (Google Calendar)	[160]	Un­known	Yes
.calvinklein	PVH	[8]
.canon	Canon	[8]
.capitalone	Capital One	[8]
.caravan	Caravan International	[161]	Un­known	Yes
.cartier	Richemont DNS	[8]
.cba	Commonwealth Bank	[8]
.cbn	Christian Broadcasting Network	[8]
.cbre	CBRE Group	[8]
.cbs	CBS	[8]
.cern	CERN	[162]	Un­known	Yes
.cfa	CFA Institute	[8]
.chanel	Chanel	[8]
.chase	Chase Bank	[8]
.chintai	Chintai Corporation	[8]
.chrome	Google (Google Chrome)	[163]	Un­known	Yes
.chrysler	Chrysler	[8]
.cipriani	Hotel Cipriani Srl	[8]
.cisco	Cisco Systems	[8]
.citadel	Citadel Domain	[8]
.citi	Citigroup	[8]
.citic	CITIC Group	[164]	No	Yes
.clubmed	Club Med	[8]
.comcast	Comcast	[8]
.commbank	Commonwealth Bank	[8]
.creditunion	CUNA Performance Resources	[8]
.crown	Crown Equipment Corporation	[8]
.crs	Federated Co-operatives (Co-Operative Retailing System)	[165]	Un­known	Yes
.csc	DXC Technology
.cuisinella	Société Alsacienne de Meubles (Cuisinella)	[166]	Un­known	Yes
.dabur	Dabur	[8]
.datsun	Nissan (Datsun)	[8]
.dealer	Dealer Dot Com	[8]
.dell	Dell	[8]
.deloitte	Deloitte	[8]
.delta	Delta Air Lines	[8]
.dhl	Deutsche Post	[8]
.discover	Discover Financial Services	[8]
.dish	Dish Network	[8]
.dnp	Dai Nippon Printing	[167]	Un­known	Yes
.dodge	Chrysler (Dodge)	[8]
.dunlop	Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company (Dunlop Tyres)	[8]
.dupont	DuPont	[8]
.dvag	Deutsche Vermögensberatung	[168]	Un­known	Yes
.edeka	Edeka	[169]	Un­known	Yes
.emerck	Merck Group	[170]	Un­known	Yes
.epson	Seiko Epson	[8]
.ericsson	Ericsson	[8]
.erni	ERNI Group Holding AG	[8]
.esurance	Esurance	[8]
.etisalat	Etisalat	[8]
.eurovision	European Broadcasting Union (Eurovision)	[8]
.everbank	EverBank	[171]	Un­known	Yes
.extraspace	Extra Space Storage	[8]
.fage	Fage	[8]
.fairwinds	FairWinds Partners	[8]
.farmers	Farmers Insurance Exchange	[8]
.fedex	FedEx	[8]
.ferrari	Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Ferrari)	[8]
.ferrero	Ferrero	[8]
.fiat	Fiat Chrysler Automobiles	[8]
.fidelity	Fidelity Investments	[8]
.firestone	Bridgestone	[8]
.firmdale	Firmdale Holdings	[172]	Un­known	Yes
.flickr	Yahoo! (Flickr)	[8]
.flir	FLIR Systems	[8]
.flsmidth	FLSmidth	[173]	Un­known	Yes
.ford	Ford	[8]
.fox	Fox Broadcasting Company	[8]
.fresenius	Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH	[8]
.forex	Dotforex Registry Ltd	[8]
.frogans	OP3FT	Solely for use by the Frogans technology[174]	Yes[9]	Yes
.frontier	Frontier Communications	[8]
.fujitsu	Fujitsu	[8]
.fujixerox	Fuji Xerox	[8]
.gallo	E & J Gallo Winery	[8]
.gallup	Gallup	[8]
.gap	Gap	[8]
.gbiz	Google	[175]	Un­known	Yes
.gea	GEA Group	[8]
.genting	Genting Group	[8]
.giving	Giving Limited	[8]
.gle	Google	[176]	Un­known	Yes
.globo	Grupo Globo	[177]	No	Yes
.gmail	Google (Gmail)	[178]	Un­known	Yes
.gmo	GMO Internet	[179]	Un­known	Yes
.gmx	1&1 Mail & Media (GMX, Global Message Exchange)	[180]	Un­known	Yes
.godaddy	Go Daddy	[8]
.goldpoint	Yodobashi Camera	[8]
.goodyear	Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company	[8]
.goog	Google	[181]	Un­known	Yes
.google	Google	[182]	Un­known	Yes
.grainger	Grainger Registry Services, LLC	[8]
.guardian	Guardian Life Insurance Company of America	[8]
.gucci	Gucci	[8]
.hbo	HBO	[8]
.hdfc	Housing Development Finance Corporation	[8]
.hdfcbank	HDFC Bank	[8]
.hermes	Hermès	[8]
.hisamitsu	Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical	[8]
.hitachi	Hitachi	[8]
.hkt	Hong Kong Telecom	[8]
.honda	Honda	[8]
.honeywell	Honeywell	[8]
.hotmail	Microsoft (Hotmail)	[8]
.hsbc	HSBC	[183]	Un­known	Yes
.hughes	Hughes Network Systems	[8]
.hyatt	Hyatt	[8]
.hyundai	Hyundai Motor Company	[8]
.ibm	IBM	[184]	Un­known	Yes
.ieee	Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers	[8]
.ifm	ifm electronic gmbh	[8]
.ikano	Ikano	[8]
.imdb	Amazon (IMDb)	[8]
.infiniti	Nissan (Infiniti)	[8]
.intel	Intel	[8]
.intuit	Intuit	[8]
.ipiranga	Ipiranga	[8]
.iselect	iSelect	[8]
.itau	Itaú Unibanco	[8]
.itv	ITV	[8]
.iveco	CNH Industrial (Iveco)	[8]
.jaguar	Jaguar Land Rover	[8]
.java	Oracle (Java)	[8]
.jcb	JCB	[8]
.jcp	JCP Media	[8]
.jeep	Chrysler (Jeep)	[8]
.jpmorgan	JPMorgan Chase	[8]
.juniper	Juniper Networks	[8]
.kddi	KDDI	[8]
.kerryhotels	Kerry Trading Co. Limited	[8]
.kerrylogistics	Kerry Trading Co. Limited	[8]
.kerryproperties	Kerry Trading Co. Limited	[8]
.kfh	Kuwait Finance House	[8]
.kia	Kia Motors Corporation	[8]
.kinder	Ferrero (Kinder Surprise)	[8]
.kindle	Amazon (Amazon Kindle)	[8]
.komatsu	Komatsu	[8]
.kpmg	KPMG	[8]
.kred	KredTLD	[185]	Un­known	Yes
.kuokgroup	Kerry Trading Co. Limited	[8]
.lacaixa	Caixa d’Estalvis i Pensions de Barcelona	[186]	Un­known	Yes
.ladbrokes	Ladbrokes	[8]
.lamborghini	Lamborghini	[8]
.lancaster	Lancaster	[8]
.lancia	Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Lancia)	[8]
.lancome	L’Oréal	[8]
.landrover	Jaguar Land Rover	[8]
.lanxess	Lanxess	[8]
.lasalle	JLL	[8]
.latrobe	La Trobe University	[187]	Un­known	Yes
.lds	The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)[188]	[189]	Un­known	Yes
.leclerc	E.Leclerc	[190]
.lego	Lego Group	[8]
.liaison	Liaison Technologies	[8]
.lexus	Toyota (Lexus)	[8]
.lidl	Lidl	[8]
.lifestyle	Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc.	[8]
.lilly	Eli Lilly & Company	[8]
.lincoln	Ford (Lincoln)	[8]
.linde	Linde	[8]
.lipsy	Lipsy Ltd	[8]
.lixil	Lixil Group	[8]
.locus	Locus Analytics	[8]
.lotte	Lotte Holdings	[8]
.lpl	LPL Financial	[8]
.lplfinancial	LPL Financial	[8]
.lundbeck	Lundbeck	[8]
.lupin	Lupin Limited	[8]
.macys	Macy’s	[8]
.maif	Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF)	[8]
.man	MAN	[8]
.mango	Mango	[191]	Latin script[9]	Yes
.marriott	Marriott International	[8]
.maserati	Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Maserati)	[8]
.mattel	Mattel	[8]
.mckinsey	McKinsey & Company	[8]
.metlife	MetLife	[8]
.microsoft	Microsoft	[8]
.mini	BMW (Mini)	[192]	No	Yes
.mit	Massachusetts Institute of Technology	[8]
.mitsubishi	Mitsubishi Corporation	[8]
.mlb	MLB Advanced Media	[8]
.mma	MMA IARD	[8]
.monash	Monash University	[193][194]	No	Yes
.mormon	The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)[188]	[195]	Un­known	Yes
.moto	Motorola	[8]
.movistar	Telefónica (Movistar)	[8]
.msd	MSD Registry Holdings, Inc.	[8]
.mtn	MTN	[8]
.mtr	MTR Corporation	[8]
.mutual	Northwestern Mutual	[8]
.nadex	Nadex	[8]
.nationwide	Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company	[8]
.natura	Natura & Co	[8]
.nba	National Basketball Association	[8]
.nec	NEC	[8]
.netflix	Netflix	[8]
.neustar	Neustar	[196]	No	Yes
.newholland	CNH Industrial (New Holland Agriculture, New Holland Construction)	[8]
.nexus	Google (Google Nexus)	[197]	Un­known	Yes
.nfl	National Football League	[8]
.nhk	NHK	[198]	Un­known	Yes
.nico	Dwango (Niconico)	[199]	Un­known	Yes
.nike	Nike	[8]
.nikon	Nikon	[8]
.nissan	Nissan	[8]
.nissay	Nippon Life	[8]
.nokia	Nokia	[8]
.northwesternmutual	Northwestern Mutual	[8]
.norton	NortonLifeLock	[8]
.nra	National Rifle Association of America	[200]	Un­known	Yes
.ntt	Nippon Telegraph & Telephone	[8]
.obi	OBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA	[8]
.office	Microsoft (Microsoft Office)	[8]
.omega	Swatch Group (Omega)	[8]
.oracle	Oracle	[8]
.orange	Orange	[8]
.otsuka	Otsuka Pharmaceutical	[201]	Un­known	Yes
.ovh	OVH	[202]	French[9]	Yes
.panasonic	Panasonic	[8]
.pccw	PCCW	[8]
.pfizer	Pfizer	[8]
.philips	Philips	[8]
.piaget	Piaget	[203]	Un­known	Yes
.pictet	Pictet	[8]
.ping	Ping	[8]
.pioneer	Pioneer Corporation	[8]
.play	Google (Google Play)	[8]
.playstation	Sony (PlayStation)	[8]
.pohl	Deutsche Vermögensberatung (founder Reinfried Pohl)	[204]	Un­known	Yes
.politie	Politie Nederland	[8]
.praxi	Praxi	[205]	Un­known	Yes
.prod	Google (products)	[206]	Un­known	Yes
.progressive	Progressive Corporation	[8]
.pru	Prudential Financial	[8]
.prudential	Prudential Financial	[8]
.pwc	PwC	[207]	Un­known	Yes
.quest	Quest Software	[8]
.qvc	QVC	[8]
.redstone	Redstone Haute Couture Co	[8]
.reliance	Reliance Industries	[8]
.rexroth	Robert Bosch GmbH	[8]
.ricoh	Ricoh	[8]
.rmit	Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology	[8]
.rocher	Ferrero (Ferrero Rocher)	[8]
.rogers	Rogers Communications	[8]
.rwe	RWE	[8]
.safety	Safety Registry Services, LLC.	[8]
.sakura	SAKURA Internet Inc.	[8]
.samsung	Samsung SDS	[8]
.sandvik	Sandvik	[8]
.sandvikcoromant	Sandvik Coromant	[208]	Un­known	Un­known
.sanofi	Sanofi	[8]
.sap	SAP	[209]
.saxo	Saxo Bank	[8]
.sbi	State Bank of India	[8]
.sbs	Special Broadcasting Service[8]	Later became a gTLD on 15 June 2021
.sca	Svenska Cellulosa	[210]	Un­known	Yes
.scb	Siam Commercial Bank	Thai[9]	Yes
.schaeffler	Schaeffler Technologies	[8]
.schmidt	Société Alsacienne de Meubles (Cuisines Schmidt)	[211]	Un­known	Yes
.schwarz	Schwarz Gruppe	[8]
.scjohnson	SC Johnson & Son	[8]
.scor	SCOR	[8]
.seat	SEAT	[8]
.sener	Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A.	[8]
.ses	SES	[8]
.sew	SEW Eurodrive	[8]
.seven	Seven West Media	[8]
.sfr	SFR	[8]
.seek	Seek	[212]	No	Un­known
.shangrila	Shangri-La Hotels & Resorts	[8]
.sharp	Sharp Corporation	[8]
.shaw	Shaw Cablesystems G.P.	[8]
.shell	Shell	[8]
.shriram	Shriram Capital	[8]
.sina	Sina Corp	[8]
.sky	Sky Group	[8]
.skype	Microsoft (Skype)	[8]
.smart	Smart Communications	[8]
.sncf	SNCF	[8]
.softbank	SoftBank	[8]
.sohu	Sohu	[213]	Un­known	Yes
.sony	Sony	[8]
.spiegel	Der Spiegel	[214]	Un­known	Yes
.stada	Stada Arzneimittel	[8]
.staples	Staples	[8]
.star	Star India	[8]
.starhub	StarHub	[8]
.statebank	State Bank of India	[8]
.statefarm	State Farm	[8]
.statoil	Statoil	[8]
.stc	Saudi Telecom Company	[8]
.stcgroup	Saudi Telecom Company	[8]
.suzuki	Suzuki	[215]	Un­known	Yes
.swatch	Swatch Group	[8]
.swiftcover	Swiftcover	[8]
.symantec	NortonLifeLock	[8]
.taobao	Alibaba Group (Taobao)	[8]
.target	Target	[8]
.tatamotors	Tata Motors	[8]
.tdk	TDK	[8]
.telecity	TelecityGroup	[8]
.telefonica	Telefónica	[8]
.temasek	Temasek Holdings	[8]
.teva	Teva Pharmaceuticals	[8]
.tiffany	Tiffany & Co	[8]
.tjx	TJX Companies	[8]
.toray	Toray Industries	[8]
.toshiba	Toshiba	[8]
.total	Total	[8]
.toyota	Toyota	[8]
.travelchannel	Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. (Travel Channel)	[8]
.travelers	Travelers TLD, LLC (The Travelers Companies)	[8]
.tui	TUI	[216]	Un­known	Yes
.tvs	T V Sundram Iyengar & Sons Private Limited	[8]
.ubs	UBS	[8]
.unicom	China Unicom	[8]
.uol	Universo Online	Delegated to UOL subsidiary UBN Internet.[217]	Un­known	Yes
.ups	United Parcel Service	[8]
.vanguard	Vanguard Group	[8]
.verisign	VeriSign	[8]
.vig	Vienna Insurance Group	[8]
.viking	Viking River Cruises	[8]
.virgin	Virgin Group	[8]
.visa	Visa	[8]
.vista	Vistaprint	[8]
.vistaprint	Vistaprint	[8]
.vivo	Telefónica Brasil	[8]
.volkswagen	Volkswagen Group of America	[8]
.volvo	Volvo	[8]
.walmart	Walmart	[8]
.walter	Sandvik	[8]
.weatherchannel	IBM (The Weather Company)	[8]
.weber	Saint-Gobain	[8]
.weir	Weir Group	[8]
.williamhill	William Hill	[218]	Un­known	Yes
.windows	Microsoft (Microsoft Windows)	[8]
.wme	Endeavor	[219]	Un­known	Yes
.wolterskluwer	Wolters Kluwer	[8]
.woodside	Woodside Petroleum	[8]
.wtc	World Trade Centers Association	[220]	Un­known	Yes
.xbox	Microsoft Xbox	[8]
.xerox	Fuji Xerox	[8]
.xfinity	Comcast	[8]
.yahoo	Yahoo!	[8]
.yamaxun	Amazon (Amazon China)	[8]
.yandex	Yandex	[221]	Un­known	Yes
.yodobashi	Yodobashi Camera	[8]
.youtube	Google (YouTube)	[222]	Un­known	Yes
.zappos	Amazon (Zappos)	[8]
.zara	Inditex (Zara)	[8]
.zippo	Zippo	[8]

Internationalized brand top-level domains

DNS name	IDN TLD	Entity	Script	Transliteration	Comments	DNSSEC
xn--mgba3a3ejt	.ارامكو	Aramco Services Company	Arabic	[8]
xn--mgbaakc7dvf	.اتصالات	Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat)	Arabic	[8]
xn--8y0a063a	.联通	China United Network Communications Corporation Limited	Chinese (Simplified)	Liántōng	[8]
xn--6frz82g	.移动	China Mobile Communications Corporation	Chinese (Simplified)	Yídòng
xn--fiq64b	.中信	CITIC Group	Chinese	zhōngxìn	[223]	Yes
xn--5su34j936bgsg	.香格里拉	Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited	Chinese	Xiānggélǐlā	[8]
xn--b4w605ferd	.淡马锡	Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited	Chinese (Simplified)	Dànmǎxī	[8]
xn--3oq18vl8pn36a	.大众汽车	Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd.	Chinese (Simplified)	Dàzhòngqìchē	[8]
xn--vermgensberater-ctb	.vermögensberater	Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft	Latin	[224]	Yes
xn--vermgensberatung-pwb	.vermögensberatung	Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft	Latin	[225]	Yes
xn--qcka1pmc	.グーグル	Google	Katakana	gūguru	[226]	Yes
xn--flw351e	.谷歌	Google	Chinese	gǔgē	[227]	Yes
xn--estv75g	.工行	Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited	Chinese	Gōngháng	[8]
xn--w4rs40l	.嘉里	Kerry Trading Co. Limited	Chinese	Jiālǐ	[8]
xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra	.嘉里大酒店	Kerry Trading Co. Limited	Chinese	Jiālǐdàjiǔdiàn	[8]
xn--kcrx77d1x4a	.飞利浦	Koninklijke Philips N.V.	Chinese (Simplified)	Fēilìpǔ	[8]
xn--jlq61u9w7b	.诺基亚	Nokia Corporation	Chinese (Simplified)	Nuòjīyà	[8]
xn--fzys8d69uvgm	.電訊盈科	PCCW Enterprises Limited	Chinese (Traditional)	din6 soen3 jing4 fo1	[8]
xn--cg4bki	.삼성	Samsung	Hangul	samseong	[228]	Yes

Special-Use Domains

ICANN/IANA has created some Special-Use domain names which are meant for special technical purposes. ICANN/IANA owns all of the Special-Use domain names.^[229]

Name	Entity	Notes	IDN	DNSSEC
.example	Not installed as a domain name, but usable in text as an example. example.com, example.net and example.org are also reserved for this purpose but are active sites.	Un­known
.invalid	Not installed as a domain name, but usable in testing as a domain which wouldn’t work.	Un­known
.local	Local network. Must be used with an mDNS server[230]	Un­known
.localhost	Points back to own computer	Un­known
.onion	Connection to the Tor network	Un­known
.test	Meant for testing DNS software	Un­known

Non-IANA domains

Besides the TLDs managed (or at least tracked) by IANA or ICANN, other independent groups have created, or had attempted to create, their own TLDs with varying technical specifications, functions, and outcomes.

Blockchain-registered

Blockchain-based domains are registered and exchanged using a public blockchain like Ethereum. Often times, these domains serve specific functions such as creating human-readable references to smart contract addresses used in DApps or personal wallet addresses.^{[citation needed]} Generally, these non-standard domains are unreachable through the normal DNS resolution process and instead require clients to use some sort of transparent web proxy or gateway to access them

Name	Blockchain	Homepage	Notes
N/A	Handshake	https://handshake.org/	Handshake is both an alternative DNS root zone and a domain name-centric blockchain meant for managing TLDs in a decentralized way which allows virtually any domain to be registered as a TLD by end users. The project intends to be a more resilient and distributed implementation of the global root zone without needing a centralized organization, like ICANN, to manage or operate it. Though it doesn’t aim to outright replace the existing root zone, as it reserves all existing TLDs so that a query for wikipedia.org, for example, that is sent to a Handshake node can be redirected to the traditional root.[231]
.eth	Ethereum	https://ens.domains/	Domains under the .eth TLD are primarily used as human-readable aliases to Ethereum wallet addresses, rather than IP addresses,[232] though some efforts into expanding the use of .eth into the traditional DNS space have been made.
.crypto, .zil	Ethereum, Zilliqa	https://unstoppabledomains.com/	Both .crypto and .zil aim to make cryptocurrency wallet address resolution easier, with the exception that, unlike the other examples mentioned here, the two TLDs are the product of a for-profit company, Unstoppable Domains, that markets the domains as an alternative DNS root despite being entirely dependent on the traditional root zone.[233]
.bit	Namecoin	https://namecoin.org/	Namecoin’s .bit TLD technically operates as a single-domain DNS root, though has historically peered with the OpenNIC root zone to provide greater accessibility. The popularity and usage of .bit domains is much lower than the other projects mentioned, despite it being the earliest example. This is primarily due to the negative reputation Namecoin has garnered after .bit domains became popular for sharing and distributing illegal or illicit content such as malware, which ultimately prompted OpenNIC to end its peering agreement and stop serving the TLD in its root zone in 2018.[234]

Alternate roots

In the case of alternative DNS roots, organizations or projects make use of the same mechanisms of the DNS but instead take on the role of ICANN in managing and administering an entirely separate root zone, thus having the ability to create new TLDs independently. However, this doesn’t make these domains any less isolated from the rest of the internet, though the ability for clients to resolve them theoretically only requires switching to a recursive DNS resolver that recognizes and serves records underneath the alternate root zone.

Name	Root	Homepage	Notes
N/A	Handshake	https://handshake.org/	The list of registered TLDs on the Handshake blockchain is too large and dynamic to enumerate here.
.bbs .chan .cyb .dyn .geek .gopher .indy .libre .neo .null .o .oss .oz .parody .pirate	OpenNIC	https://www.opennic.org/
.fur	FurNIC	https://wiki.opennic.org/opennic:dot:fur
.lib .coin .emc .bazar	Emercoin	https://emercoin.com/2015-01-15-Emercoin_Reaches_Peering_Agreement_with_OpenNIC
.ku .te .ti .uu .ko .rm	New Nations	http://new-nations.net/en/

See also

• Country code top-level domain
• Generic top-level domain
• IDN Test TLDs
• ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, the standard for two-letter country codes, which most ccTLDs are based on
• Proposed top-level domain
• Second-level domain, information about .co.jp, .co.uk, .co.kr, .co.nf, etc.
• Public Suffix List

Explanatory notes

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag} Domain registry is operated by United TLD Holdco Ltd. t/a Rightside Registry, a subsidiary of the Rightside Group.
2. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r} Operated by Charleston Road Registry, Inc., a subsidiary of Google. See [1].
3. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p} A subsidiary of Minds + Machines Group (formerly Top Level Domain Holdings.)
4. ^ Operating as Top Level Design
5. ^ Operating as Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited.

1. ^ Operating as Half Oaks, LLC
2. ^ Operating as Knob Town, LLC
3. ^ Operating as Steel Falls, LLC
4. ^ Operating as Baxter Hill, LLC
5. ^ Operating as Half Hallow, LLC
6. ^ Operating as Grand Hollow, LLC
7. ^ Operating as Over Galley, LLC
8. ^ Operating as Atomic Madison, LLC
9. ^ Operating as Spring Cross, LLC
10. ^ Operating as Half Sunset, LLC
11. ^ Operating as Atomic Maple, LLC
12. ^ Operating as Delta Dynamite, LLC
13. ^ Operating as Delta Mill, LLC
14. ^ Operating as Foggy Hollow, LLC
15. ^ Operating as Goose Cross, LLC
16. ^ Operating as Wild Corner, LLC
17. ^ Operating as Delta Lake, LLC
18. ^ Operating as New Falls, LLC
19. ^ Operating as Tin Mill, LLC
20. ^ Operating as Sand Cover, LLC
21. ^ Operating as Holly Fields, LLC
22. ^ Operating as Snow Sky, LLC
23. ^ Operating as Black Corner, LLC
24. ^ Operating as Fox Shadow, LLC
25. ^ Operating as Goose Park, LLC
26. ^ Operating as Steel Lake, LLC
27. ^ Operating as Puff Willow, LLC
28. ^ Operating as Trixy Cover, LLC
29. ^ Operating as Fox Orchard, LLC
30. ^ Operating as Silver Avenue, LLC
31. ^ Operating as Pine Mill, LLC
32. ^ Operating as Pine House, LLC
33. ^ Operating as Fox Dynamite, LLC
34. ^ Operating as Magic Woods, LLC
35. ^ Operating as Koko Lake, LLC
36. ^ Operating as Snow Shadow, LLC
37. ^ Operating as Binky Frostbite, LLC
38. ^ Operating as Spring Way, LLC
39. ^ Operating as Pine Fest, LLC
40. ^ Operating as Sand Sunset, LLC
41. ^ Operating as Steel Station, LLC
42. ^ Operating as Tin Birch, LLC
43. ^ Operating as John Edge, LLC
44. ^ Operating as Dash Park, LLC
45. ^ Operating as Half Trail, LLC
46. ^ Operating as Extra Madison, LLC
47. ^ Operating as Holly Hill, LLC
48. ^ Operating as Sugar Cross, LLC
49. ^ Operating as Brice Way, LLC
50. ^ Operating as Spring Madison, LLC
51. ^ Operating as Binky Birch, LLC
52. ^ Operating as Romeo Canyon.
53. ^ Operating as Snow Oaks, LLC
54. ^ Operating as Corn Station, LLC
55. ^ Operating as Trixy Park, LLC
56. ^ Operating as Pioneer Maple, LLC
57. ^ Operating as Spring Falls, LLC
58. ^ Operating as Magic Pass, LLC
59. ^ Operating as Victor Beach, LLC
60. ^ Operating as Atomic Pipe, LLC
61. ^ Operating as Just Maple, LLC
62. ^ Operating as Cotton Cypress, LLC
63. ^ Operating as Just Cover, LLC
64. ^ Operating as Fox Woods, LLC
65. ^ Operating as Brice Orchard, LLC
66. ^ Operating as Fox Station, LLC
67. ^ Operating as Half Cypress, LLC
68. ^ Operating as John Dale, LLC
69. ^ Operating as John Castle, LLC
70. ^ Operating as Lone Fields, LLC
71. ^ Operating as Sugar House, LLC
72. ^ Operating as Goose Sky, LLC
73. ^ Operating as Black Cover, LLC
74. ^ Operating as Over Madison, LLC
75. ^ Operating as Corn Sunset, LLC
76. ^ Operating as Snow Moon, LLC
77. ^ Operating as Pioneer Cypress, LLC
78. ^ Operating as Silver Glen, LLC
79. ^ Operating as John Madison, LLC
80. ^ Operating as Goose Woods, LLC
81. ^ Operating as Sugar Park, LLC
82. ^ Operating as Outer House, LLC
83. ^ Operating as Outer Maple, LLC
84. ^ Operating as Pioneer Willow, LLC
85. ^ Operating as Wild Way, LLC
86. ^ Operating as Holly Glen, LLC
87. ^ Operating as Just Goodbye, LLC
88. ^ Operating as Pine Moon, LLC
89. ^ Operating as Victor Trail, LLC
90. ^ Operating as Trixy Oaks, LLC
91. ^ Operating as John McCook, LLC
92. ^ Operating as Big Fest, LLC
93. ^ Operating as Hidden Frostbite, LLC
94. ^ Operating as June Woods, LLC
95. ^ Operating as John Goodbye, LLC
96. ^ Operating as Fern Pass, LLC
97. ^ Operating as Grand Glen, LLC
98. ^ Operating as Trixy Manor, LLC
99. ^ Operating as Magic Glen, LLC
100. ^ Operating as Sea Goodbye, LLC
101. ^ Operating as Sugar Glen, LLC
102. ^ Operating as Sea Corner, LLC
103. ^ Operating as Foggy Sky, LLC
104. ^ Operating as Foggy Moon, LLC
105. ^ Operating as Snow Galley, LLC
106. ^ Operating as Spring Tigers, LLC
107. ^ Operating as Magic Birch, LLC
108. ^ Operating as Big Pass, LLC
109. ^ Operating as Grand Island, LLC
110. ^ Operating as Big Hollow, LLC
111. ^ Operating as Lone Sunset, LLC
112. ^ Operating as Binky Glen, LLC
113. ^ Operating as Snow Avenue, LLC
114. ^ Operating as Little Galley, LLC
115. ^ Operating as Fox Castle, LLC
116. ^ Operating as Binky Galley, LLC
117. ^ Operating as Fern Madison, LLC
118. ^ Operating as Ruby Town, LLC
119. ^ Operating as Silver Cover, LLC
120. ^ Operating as Atomic Fields, LLC
121. ^ Operating as Half Falls, LLC
122. ^ Operating as Grand Orchard, LLC
123. ^ Operating as Tin Avenue, LLC
124. ^ Operating as Dash Cypress, LLC
125. ^ Operating as Victor Frostbite, LLC
126. ^ Operating as Delta Orchard, LLC
127. ^ Operating as New Cypress, LLC
128. ^ Operating as Outer Moon, LLC
129. ^ Operating as Auburn Bloom, LLC
130. ^ Operating as Pioneer Tigers, LLC

Citations

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95. ^ “dotDurban – .Durban – The new domain extension for the City of Durban”. Nic.durban. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
96. ^ “dotJoburg – .Joburg – The new domain extension for the City of Johannesburg”. Nic.joburg. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
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98. ^ .krd Network Information Centre, accessed on line 24 November 2014.
99. ^ “About .kyoto”. The Kyoto College of Graduate Studies for Informatics. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
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102. ^ “.taipei Net Top City”. Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
103. ^ “Mission”. Tatar Internet. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
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105. ^ “「.yokohama」横浜のための新ドメイン”. GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
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107. ^ “.BZH – L’extension internet de la Bretagne”. .BZH – L’extension internet de la Bretagne.
108. ^ (in Catalan) Fundació punt CAT | A Internet, el català és .cat. Registra ara un domini i identifica’t amb el teu .cat. Fundacio.cat. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
109. ^ ^{a b} “.eus Domeinua – .eus – Euskara eta Euskal Kultura Interneten”. Nic.eus. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
110. ^ “.PARIS, La nouvelle adresse web de Paris”. Archived from the original on 16 March 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
111. ^ (in Catalan) Fundació punt CAT | A Internet, el català és .cat. Registra ara un domini i identifica’t amb el teu .cat. Fundacio.cat. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
112. ^ “Dominio .gal”. Dominio.gal. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
113. ^ IANA – .madrid Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
114. ^ “Startseite – .bayern – Das Web wird weiß-blau”. nic.bayern.
115. ^ (in German) berlin Top-Level-Domain Archived 18 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Nic.berlin. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
116. ^ “The New TLDS .koeln & .cologne”. Dot.cologne. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
117. ^ “The New TLDS .koeln & .cologne”. Dot.koeln. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
118. ^ IANA – .nrw Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
119. ^ “.ruhr”. Dot.ruhr. 5 September 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
120. ^ “dotSaarland GmbH”. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
121. ^ amsterdam Top-Level-Domain.
122. ^ “.brussels is now in the root! – DNS Belgium”. Nic.brussels. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
123. ^ IANA — .budapest Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
124. ^ ^{a b} “.cymru .wales Our Home Online”. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
125. ^ (in Dutch) frl Top-Level-Domain. Nic.frl. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
126. ^ “Official website of .GENT”. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
127. ^ “The New London Code”. Nic.london. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
128. ^ “About TLDs .MOSCOW and .МОСКВА – dotMoscow: .MOSCOW and .МОСКВА TLDs for Russian Capital”. Nic.moscow. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
129. ^ “Register .scot domains – Calico .scot domains – dotscot is the new Scottish top level domain”. Calico.scot. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
130. ^ “Zonemaster växer.stockholm”. Zonemaster. The Swedish Internet Foundation.
131. ^ “Zuteilung und Verwaltung der Domain-Namen der zweiten Ebene, die der Internet-Domain “.swiss” untergeordnet sind” (in German). BAKOM. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
132. ^ “Tirol Domain” (in German). Retrieved 25 November 2014.
133. ^ “.vlaanderen is now in the root! – DNS Belgium”. Nic.vlaanderen. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
134. ^ “.wien: punktwien”. Nic.wien. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
135. ^ “.zuerich Registry Operator Website”. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
136. ^ IANA – .miami Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 25 November 2014.
137. ^ “.NYC Domain Name Extension – Official Website”. .NYC – The Official Website for the Ultimate New York City Address. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
138. ^ “.QUEBEC”. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
139. ^ “Dot Vegas, Inc”. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
140. ^ “About”. Hello.kiwi. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
141. ^ Twenty4. “nic.melbourne – Home page”. nic.melbourne. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
142. ^ IANA – .sydney Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
143. ^ “.LAT Domain – About us”. Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
144. ^ “.LAT Domain – FAQs”. Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
145. ^ “IANA – .rio Domain Delegation Data”. Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
146. ^ IANA – .佛山 Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
147. ^ “О фонде | Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development”. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
148. ^ “.abc Domain Registration – .abc Domains – American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. Domain Name .abc – Register American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. Domain Name .abc”. 101domain.com. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
149. ^ IANA — .allfinanz Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
150. ^ IANA — .android Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
151. ^ IANA — .aquarelle Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
152. ^ “dotAXA: AXA Group New Online Space” (PDF). Domains.axa. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
153. ^ ^{a b} “Barclays begins using .Barclays and .Barclaycard top level domains”. 15 May 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
154. ^ “FIBA launches .basketball as new digital identity of the global basketball community” (Press release). FIBA. 15 June 2017. Archived from the original on 2 July 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
155. ^ IANA — .bloomberg Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
156. ^ “Home dotBMW registry operator”. nic.bmw. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
157. ^ IANA — .bnl Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 June 2015.
158. ^ “nic.bnpparibas”. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
159. ^ “IANA — .bradesco Domain Delegation Data”. iana.org. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
160. ^ IANA — .cal Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
161. ^ IANA — .caravan Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
162. ^ IANA — .cern Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
163. ^ IANA — .chrome Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
164. ^ “中国中信集团有限公司”. Nic.citic. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
165. ^ IANA — .crs Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
166. ^ IANA — .cuisinella Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
167. ^ IANA — .dnp Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
168. ^ IANA — .dvag Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
169. ^ IANA — .edka Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 10 October 2016.
170. ^ IANA — .emerck Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
171. ^ IANA — .everbank Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
172. ^ IANA — .firmdale Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
173. ^ IANA — .flsmidth Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
174. ^ “Using the .frogans gTLD”. Nic.frogans. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
175. ^ IANA — .gbiz Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
176. ^ IANA — .gle Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
177. ^ “.globo”. Nic.globo. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
178. ^ IANA — .gmail Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
179. ^ IANA — .gmo Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
180. ^ IANA — .gmx Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
181. ^ IANA — Delegation Record for .GOOG. Accessed on line 3 October 2018.
182. ^ IANA — .google Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
183. ^ “.hsbc”. Retrieved 15 August 2015.
184. ^ IANA — .ibm Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
185. ^ IANA — .kred Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
186. ^ IANA — .lacaixa Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 25 November 2014.
187. ^ IANA — .latrobe Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
188. ^ ^{a b} This domain has been delegated to IRI Domain Management, LLC, a subsidiary of Intellectual Reserve, Inc., which is owned and operated by the LDS Church.
189. ^ IANA — .lds Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
190. ^ “IANA — .leclerc Domain Delegation Data”. iana.org. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
191. ^ “MANGO”. Nic.mango. Archived from the original on 14 February 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
192. ^ “Home dotMINI registry operator”. Nic.mini. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
193. ^ “.monash – Network Information Centre”. Nic.monash. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
194. ^ “New gTLD Program : InitialEvaluation Report : Report Date: 10 May 2013” (PDF). Newgtlds.icann.org. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
195. ^ IANA — .mormon Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
196. ^ “Neustar Launches New TLD .Neustar”. Nic.neustar. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
197. ^ IANA — .nexus Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
198. ^ IANA — .nhk Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
199. ^ “.nico – The Brand TLD for Dwango Co., Ltd”. Dwango Co., Ltd. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
200. ^ IANA — .nra Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
201. ^ IANA — .otsuka Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
202. ^ “The New OVH Code” (PDF). Nic.ovh. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
203. ^ “NIC PIAGET”. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
204. ^ IANA — .pohl Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
205. ^ IANA — .praxi Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
206. ^ IANA — .prod Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
207. ^ NIC PwC. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
208. ^ “Archived copy”. Archived from the original on 29 October 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
209. ^ “.sap – ICANNWiki”. icannwiki.org. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
210. ^ “.sca”. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
211. ^ IANA — .schmidt Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
212. ^ IANA — .seek Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 July 2016.
213. ^ IANA — .sohu Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
214. ^ IANA — .spiegel Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
215. ^ IANA — .suzuki Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
216. ^ IANA — .tui Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
217. ^ IANA — .uol Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
218. ^ IANA — .williamhill Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
219. ^ IANA — .wme Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
220. ^ IANA — .wtc Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
221. ^ “This is .yandex”. Nic.yandex. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
222. ^ IANA — .youtube Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
223. ^ “Nic.中信”. nic.中信. Archived from the original on 6 March 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
224. ^ IANA — .vermögensberater Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
225. ^ IANA — .vermögensberatung Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
226. ^ IANA — .グーグル Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
227. ^ IANA — .谷歌 Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
228. ^ “WHOIS 서비스란?”. Whois.nic. Retrieved 21 October 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
229. ^ “Special-Use Domain Names”. Iana.org. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
230. ^ Multicast DNS. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). doi:10.17487/RFC6762. RFC 6762.
231. ^ “A crypto project to make internet names censorship-proof is now live”. MIT Technology Review. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
232. ^ “The Gold Rush Is on for Ethereum Domain Names”. www.vice.com. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
233. ^ Francisco, Kieren McCarthy in San. “Sucks to be you, ICANN. We can go our own way: Opera to support sites using renegade top-level domain .crypto”. www.theregister.com. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
234. ^ Cimpanu, Catalin. “OpenNIC drops support for .bit domain names after rampant malware abuse”. ZDNet. Retrieved 2 August 2021.

External links

• IANA’s list of TLDs in machine-readable format
• The Internet Domain Survey
• The Public Suffix List / PSL – Maintained by Mozilla
• Registry Agreements at ICANN
• Registry Agreement Termination Info Page at ICANN