Liste des monarques indiens

La liste suivante de monarques indiens est l’une des nombreuses listes de titulaires . Il comprend ceux qui auraient gouverné une partie du sous-continent indien , y compris le Sri Lanka .

L’Asie du Sud , principal centre de la culture indienne

Les premiers dirigeants indiens ne sont connus que par la littérature sanskrite , en particulier les épopées Mahabharata et Ramayana , qui donnent toutes deux de nombreux détails sur les monarques et leurs interactions les unes avec les autres. De nombreux historiens les considèrent comme les sources les plus pertinentes de la première période historique et ces épopées ont été développées plusieurs siècles après la période principale.

Les premiers types de documentation historique comprennent des pièces de monnaie en métal avec une indication du souverain, ou du moins de la dynastie , à l’époque. Ces pièces poinçonnées ont été émises vers 600 avant notre ère et en abondance sous l’ empire Maurya en 300 avant notre ère. Il existe également des inscriptions sur pierre et des documents documentaires de cultures étrangères de cette époque.

Les principaux dirigeants impériaux ou quasi-impériaux de l’Inde du Nord sont assez clairs à partir de ce moment, mais les nombreux dirigeants locaux, et la situation dans le Deccan et l’Inde du Sud sont moins clairs que les inscriptions en pierre des premiers siècles. Les principales sources de l’histoire du sud de l’Inde sont la littérature Sangam datée de 300 avant notre ère. Les dates de nombreux dirigeants sont spéculatives, ou du moins incertaines. Les débuts de l’histoire de nombreuses dynasties de l’Inde ancienne et sont actuellement incertains.

Royaume Heheya

Maharaj Adarsh
Maharaj Ayû
Maharaj Nahusha
Maharaj Yayati
Maharaj Yadu
Maharaj Sahasrajit
Maharaj Chatjit
Maharaj Haihay – (Fondateur du Royaume Heheya ) ^[1]
Maharaj Dharma
Maharaj Dharmnetra
Maharaj Kuntiraj
Maharaj Sahjit
Maharaj Mahishman – (Fondateur de Mahismati ) ^[2]
Maharaj Bhadrasen
Maharaj Durdabh
Maharaj Dhannaka
Maharaj Kritvirya Arjuna
Maharaj Sahasrarjun
Maharaj Veersen (Jaydhvaj)

Plus tard, ils ont été divisés en différentes sous-castes qui incluent Kansara , Kasera, Tamrakar , Thathera , Tambat et bien d’autres. ^[3]

Haihayas médiévales

Un certain nombre de premières dynasties médiévales, dont les royaumes Kalachuri et Mushika du Kerala , ont revendiqué leur descendance des Haihayas. ^[4]

Dynasties Magadha

Dynastie Brihadratha (vers 1700 – 682 avant notre ère)

Dirigeants-

Liste des dirigeants de la dynastie Brihadratha

Règle	Règne (BCE)
Brihadratha
Jarasandha
Sahadeva de Magadha
Somadhi	1661–1603 avant notre ère
Srutasravas	1603–1539 avant notre ère
Ayutayus	1539-1503 avant notre ère
Niramitra	1503–1463 avant notre ère
Sukshatra	1463–1405 avant notre ère
Brihatkarman	1405–1382 avant notre ère
Senajit	1382–1332 avant notre ère
Srutanjaya	1332–1292 avant notre ère
Vipra	1292-1257 avant notre ère
Suchi	1257–1199 avant notre ère
Kshemya	1199-1171 avant notre ère
Sous-rat	1171-1107 avant notre ère
Dharma	1107-1043 avant notre ère
Susuma	1043–970 avant notre ère
Dridhaséna	970–912 avant notre ère
Sumati	912–879 avant notre ère
Subala	879–857 avant notre ère
Sunita	857–817 avant notre ère
Satyajit	817–767 avant notre ère
Viswajit	767–732 avant notre ère
Ripunjaya	732–682 avant notre ère

( Ripunjaya était le dernier souverain de la dynastie, détrôné par Pradyota en 682 avant notre ère )

Dynastie Pradyota (vers 682 – 544 avant notre ère)

Dirigeants-

Liste des dirigeants de la dynastie Pradyota

Règle	Règne (BCE)	Période
Pradyota Mahaséna	682–659 avant notre ère	23
Palaka	659–635 avant notre ère	24
Visakhayupa	635–585 avant notre ère	50
Ajaka	585–564 avant notre ère	21
Varttivarddhana	564–544 avant notre ère	20

( Varttivarddhana était le dernier souverain de la dynastie détrôné par Bimbisara en 544 avant notre ère )

Dynastie Haryanka (vers 544 – 413 avant notre ère)

Dirigeants-

Liste des dirigeants de la dynastie Haryanka

Règle	Règne (BCE)
Bimbisara	544–491 avant notre ère
Ajatashatru	491–461 avant notre ère
Oudayin	461–428 avant notre ère
Anirudha	428–419 avant notre ère
Munda	419–417 avant notre ère
Darshaka	417–415 avant notre ère
Nāgadāsaka	415–413 avant notre ère

( Nāgadāsaka était le dernier souverain de la dynastie renversé par Shishunaga en 413 avant notre ère )

Dynastie Shishunaga (vers 413 – 345 avant notre ère)

Dirigeants-

Liste des dirigeants de la dynastie Shishunga

Règle	Règne (BCE)
Shishunaga	413–395 avant notre ère
Kalashoka	395–377 avant notre ère
Kshemadharman	377–365 avant notre ère
Kshatraujas	365–355 avant notre ère
Nandivardhana	355–349 avant notre ère
Mahanandin	349–345 avant notre ère

( Mahanandin a perdu son empire par son fils illégitime Mahapadma Nanda en 345 avant notre ère)

Empire Nanda (vers 345 – 322 avant notre ère)

Dirigeants-

Liste des dirigeants de la dynastie Nanda

Règle	Règne (BCE)
Mahapadma Nanda	345–340 avant notre ère
Pandhukananda	340–339 avant notre ère
Panghupatinanda	339–338 avant notre ère
Bhutapalananda	338–337 avant notre ère
Rashtrapalananada	337–336 avant notre ère
Govishanakananda	336–335 avant notre ère
Dashasidkhakananda	335–334 avant notre ère
Kaivartananda	334–333 avant notre ère
Karvinathanand	333–330 avant notre ère
Dhana Nanda	330–322 avant notre ère

( Dhana Nanda a perdu son empire au profit de Chandragupta Maurya après avoir été vaincu par lui en 322 avant notre ère)

Empire Maurya (vers 322 – 184 avant notre ère)

Dirigeants-

Règle	Règne	Remarques
Chandragupta Maurya		322–297 avant notre ère	Fondateur du premier empire indien uni.
Bindusara Amitraghata		297-273 avant notre ère	Connu pour sa diplomatie étrangère et écrasé par la révolte de Vidarbh .
Ashoka		268-232 avant notre ère	Le plus grand empereur de la dynastie. Son fils Kunala est devenu aveugle et est mort avant son père. Ashoka a été remplacé par son petit-fils. Également connu pour la victoire de la guerre de Kalinga .
Dasharatha Maurya		232–224 avant notre ère	Petit-fils d’Ashoka.
Samprati	224-215 avant notre ère	Frère de Dasharatha.
Shalishuka		215-202 avant notre ère
Dévavarman	202-195 avant notre ère
Chatadhanvan	195–187 avant notre ère	L’Empire Mauryan avait rétréci au moment de son règne
Brihadratha	187–184 avant notre ère	Assassiné par son commandant en chef Pushyamitra Shunga en 185 avant notre ère.

( Brihadratha était le dernier souverain de la dynastie, détrôné par Pushyamitra Shunga en 185 avant notre ère)

Empire Shunga (vers 185 – 73 avant notre ère)

Dirigeants-

Liste des dirigeants de la dynastie Shunga

Règle	Règne (BCE)
Pushyamitra Shunga	185–149 avant notre ère
Agnimitra	149-141 avant notre ère
Vasujyeshtha	141–131 avant notre ère
Vasumitra	131-124 avant notre ère
Bhadraka	124-122 avant notre ère
Pulindaka	122-119 avant notre ère
Gosha	119-108 avant notre ère
Vajramitra	108–94 avant notre ère
Bhagabhadra	94–83 avant notre ère
Devabhuti	83–73 avant notre ère

( Devabhuti était le dernier souverain de la dynastie détrôné par, détrôné Vasudeva Kanva en 73 avant notre ère)

Dynastie Kanva (vers 73 – 28 avant notre ère)

Dirigeants-

Liste des dirigeants de la dynastie Kanava

Règle	Règne	Période
Vasudeva Kanva	73–64 avant notre ère	9
Bhumimitra	64–50 avant notre ère	14
Narayana	50–38 avant notre ère	12
Susarman	38-28 avant notre ère	dix

(Susarman était le dernier souverain de la dynastie, détrôné par Simuka de l’ Empire Satavahana )

Empire Kalinga

Première dynastie Kalinga (vers 1700 – 700 avant notre ère)

Selon le Mahabharata et certains Puranas , le prince Kalinga a fondé le royaume de Kalinga , dans la région actuelle de l’Odisha côtière, comprenant les Sircars du Nord. ^{[5] [6]} Le Mahabharata mentionne également un Srutayudha comme le roi du royaume de Kalinga, qui a rejoint le camp de Kaurava . ^[7] Dans le texte bouddhiste, Mahagovinda Suttanta, Kalinga et son dirigeant, Sattabhu, ont été mentionnés. ^[8]

Roi Kalinga (fondateur du royaume de Kalinga )
Roi Odra (fondateur du royaume d’Odra )
Srutayudha
Srutayush
Manimat
Chitrangada
Subahu
Virasena
Sudatta
Sattabhu
Nalikira
Yavanaraj
Dantavakkha ou Dantavakhra
Avakinnayo Karakandu
Vasupala

Deuxième dynastie Kalinga (vers 700 – 550 avant notre ère)

Cette dynastie est mentionnée dans Chullakalinga Jataka et Kalingabodhi Jataka . On dit que le premier roi Kalinga I s’est séparé du royaume de Danda avec les rois d’ Asmaka et de Vidarbha en tant qu’états féodaux.

Dandaki
Kalinga I
Mahakalinga
Chullakalinga
Kalinga II (vers 7e – 6e siècle avant notre ère)

Dynastie inconnue mentionnée dans Dathavamsha (vers 550 – 410 avant notre ère)

Brahmadatta (vers 5e siècle avant notre ère)
Kasiraja
Sunanda
Guhasiva

Dynastie solaire de Kalinga (vers 410 – 380 avant notre ère)

Brahmaadittiya (vers le 4ème siècle avant JC)

Son fils, le prince Soorudasaruna-Adeettiya a été exilé et, selon l’histoire maldivienne, a établi le premier royaume Dheeva Maari et a jeté les bases de la dynastie Adeetta. ^[9]

Gonanda Royaume du Cachemire

Dynastie Gonanda I (vers 1700 – 1182 avant notre ère)

Kalhana mentionne que Gonanda I est monté sur le trône en 653 de l’ère du calendrier Kali . Selon le calcul de Jogesh Chander Dutt, cette année correspond entre 1800 avant notre ère et 1700 avant notre ère. ^[dix]

Gonanda I
Damodara I
Yashovati
Gonanda II
35 rois (noms perdus)
Lave
Kushashaya
Khagendra
Surendra
Godhara
Suvarna
Janaka
Shachinara
Ashoka (Gonandiya)
Jalauka
Damodara II
Abhimanyu I

Dynastie Gonanditya (vers 1182 – 246 avant notre ère)

La dynastie Gonanditya a régné sur le Cachemire pendant 1002 ans. ^[11]

Règle	Règne ^[12]	Année de l’Ascension	Remarques
Gonanda III	35 ans	1182 avant notre ère	Gonanda III fonde une nouvelle dynastie. (I.191) Il appartenait à la lignée de Rama et a restauré les rites Nāga
Vibhishana I	53 ans, 6 mois	1147 avant notre ère
Indrajit	35 ans	1094 avant notre ère
Ravana	30 ans, 6 mois	–	Un Shivalinga attribué à Ravana pouvait encore être vu à l’époque de Kalhana.
Vibishana II	35 ans, 6 mois	1058 avant notre ère
Nara I (Kinnara)	40 ans, 9 mois	1023 avant notre ère	Sa reine s’est enfuie avec un moine bouddhiste, alors il a détruit les monastères bouddhistes et a donné leurs terres aux brahmanes. Il a essayé d’enlever une femme Nāga, qui était l’épouse d’un brahmane. À cause de cela, le chef Nāga a brûlé la ville du roi, et le roi est mort dans le feu.
Siddha	60 ans	983 avant notre ère	Siddha, le fils de Nara, a été sauvé de la fureur de Nāga, car il était alors absent de la capitale. Il était un roi religieux et suivait un style de vie quasi ascétique.
Utpalaksha	30 ans, 6 mois	923 avant notre ère	Fils de Siddha
Hiranyaksha	37 ans, 7 mois	893 avant notre ère	Fils d’Utpalaksha
Hiranyakula	60 ans	855 avant notre ère	Fils d’Hiranyaksha
Vasukula (Mukula)	60 ans	795 avant notre ère	Fils d’Hiranyakula. Pendant son règne, les Mlechchhas (peut-être Hunas ) ont envahi le Cachemire.
Mihirakula	70 ans	735 avant notre ère	Selon des preuves historiques, le prédécesseur de Mihirakula était Toramana . Kalhana mentionne un roi appelé Toramana, mais le place beaucoup plus tard, dans le livre 3. ^[13] Selon Kalhana, Mihirakula était un dirigeant cruel qui a ordonné le meurtre d’un grand nombre de personnes, dont des enfants, des femmes et des personnes âgées. Il envahit le royaume cinghalais et remplaça leur roi par un homme cruel. Alors qu’il traversait Chola , Karnataet d’autres royaumes sur le chemin du retour au Cachemire, les dirigeants de ces royaumes ont fui leurs capitales et ne sont revenus qu’après son départ. A son retour au Cachemire, il ordonna de tuer 100 éléphants, qui avaient été effrayés par les cris d’un éléphant tombé. Une fois, Mihirakula rêva qu’une pierre particulière ne pouvait être déplacée que par une femme chaste. Il a mis cela à l’épreuve : les femmes incapables de déplacer la pierre ont été tuées, ainsi que leurs maris, fils et frères. Il était soutenu par des brahmanes immoraux. Dans sa vieillesse, le roi s’est immolé.
Vaka (Baka)	63 ans, 18 jours	665 avant notre ère	Roi vertueux, il fut séduit et tué par une femme nommée Vatta, ainsi que plusieurs de ses fils et petits-fils.
Kshitinanda	30 ans	602 avant notre ère	Le seul enfant survivant de Vaka
Vasunanda	52 ans, 2 mois	572 avant notre ère	« Créateur de la science de l’amour »
Nara II	60 ans	520 avant notre ère	Fils de Vasunanda
Aksha	60 ans	460 avant notre ère	Fils de Nara II
Gopaditya	60 ans, 6 jours	400 avant notre ère	Fils d’Akcha. A donné des terres aux brahmanes. Expulsé plusieurs brahmanes irréligieux qui avaient l’habitude de manger de l’ail ( régime non sattvique ) ; à leur place, il en amena d’autres de pays étrangers.
Gokarna	57 ans, 11 mois	340 avant notre ère	Fils de Gopaditya
Narendraditya I (Khingkhila)	36 ans, 3 mois, 10 jours	282 avant notre ère	Fils de Gokarna
Yudhisthira I	34 ans, 5 mois, 1 jour	246 avant notre ère	Appelé “l’aveugle” à cause de ses petits yeux. Dans les dernières années de son règne, il a commencé à fréquenter des personnes imprudentes et les sages courtisans l’ont abandonné. Il fut déposé par des ministres rebelles et accordé l’asile par un roi voisin. Son descendant Meghavahana a restauré plus tard le règne de la dynastie.

Chefs du Cachemire du royaume d’Ujjani (vers 246 avant notre ère – 25 de notre ère)

Aucun roi mentionné dans ce livre n’a été retrouvé dans aucune autre source historique. ^[13] Ces rois ont gouverné le Cachemire pendant 192 ans. ^[12]

Règle	Règne ^[12]	Année de l’Ascension	Remarques
Pratapaditya I	32 ans	167 avant notre ère	Pratapaditya était un parent d’un roi lointain nommé Vikrmaditya (II.6).
Jalauka	32 ans	135 avant notre ère	Fils de Pratapaditya
Tungjina I	36 années	103 avant notre ère	Partageait l’administration avec sa reine. Le couple a abrité ses citoyens dans le palais royal lors d’une grave famine résultant de fortes gelées. Après sa mort, la reine commis sati . Le couple est mort sans enfant.
Vijaya	8 années	67 avant notre ère	D’une autre dynastie que Tungjina.
Jayendra	37 ans	59 avant notre ère	Fils de Vijaya : ses “longs bras atteignent ses genoux”. Ses flatteries l’ont incité contre son ministre Sandhimati. Le ministre a été persécuté et finalement emprisonné à cause des rumeurs selon lesquelles il succéderait au roi. Sandhimati est resté en prison pendant 10 ans. Dans sa vieillesse, le roi sans enfant a ordonné de tuer Sandhimati pour empêcher toute chance qu’il devienne roi. Il est mort après avoir entendu parler de la fausse nouvelle de la mort de Sandhimati.
Sandhimati	47 ans	22 avant notre ère	Sandhimati a été choisi par les citoyens comme nouveau dirigeant. Il monta sur le trône à contrecœur, à la demande de son gourou Ishana. C’était un fervent shaivite et son règne fut marqué par la paix. Il remplit sa cour de rishis (sages) et passa son temps dans des retraites en forêt. Par conséquent, ses ministres l’ont remplacé par Meghavahana, un descendant de Yudhishthira I. Il a volontairement abandonné le trône.

Dynastie Gonanda II (vers 25 – 561 CE)

Règle	Règne ^[12]	Année de l’Ascension	Remarques
Meghavahana	34 ans	25 EC	Meghavahana était le fils de l’arrière-petit-fils de Yudhisthira Ier, qui avait obtenu l’asile de Gopaditya, le roi du Gandhara . Meghavahana avait été choisi le mari d’une princesse Vaishnavite à Swayamvara dans un autre royaume. Les ministres du Cachemire l’ont amené au Cachemire après que Sandhimati se soit avéré être un roi réticent. Meghavahana a interdit l’abattage des animaux et indemnisé ceux qui gagnaient leur vie grâce à la chasse. Il patronna les brahmanes et fonda un monastère. Ses reines ont construit des viharas et des monastères bouddhistes. Il a maîtrisé les rois dans des régions aussi éloignées que le royaume cinghalais , les forçant à abandonner l’abattage des animaux.
Shreshtasena (Pravarasena I / Tungjina II)	30 ans	59 EC	Fils de Meghavahana
Hiranya	30 ans, 2 mois	89 EC	Fils de Shreshtasena, assisté de son frère et co-régent Toramana. Le roi a emprisonné Toramana, lorsque ce dernier a collé des pièces royales en son propre nom. Le fils de Toramana, Pravarasena, qui avait été élevé dans le secret par sa mère Anjana, l’a libéré. Hiranya est mort sans enfant. Plusieurs pièces de monnaie d’un roi nommé Toramana ont été trouvées dans la région du Cachemire. Ce roi est identifié par certains au souverain Huna Toramana , bien que son successeur Mihirakula soit placé beaucoup plus tôt par Kalhana. ^[13]
Matrigupta	4 ans, 9 mois, 1 jour	120 CE	Selon Kalhana, l’empereur Vikramditya (alias Harsha) d’ Ujjayini a vaincu les Shakas et a fait de son ami et poète Matrigupta le souverain du Cachemire. Après la mort de Vikramaditya, Matrigupta a abdiqué le trône en faveur de Pravarasena. Selon DC Sircar, Kalhana a confondu le légendaire Vikramaditya d’Ujjain avec l’empereur Vardhana Harsha (vers 606–47 CE). ^[15] Ce dernier est identifié avec Shiladitya mentionné dans le récit de Xuanzang . Cependant, selon MA Stein, le Vikramaditya de Kalhana est un autre Shiladitya mentionné dans le récit de Xuanzang : un roi de Malwa vers 580 CE. ^[16]
Pravarasena II	60 ans	125 CE	Des preuves historiques suggèrent qu’un roi nommé Pravarasena a gouverné le Cachemire au 6ème siècle de notre ère. ^[13] Selon Kalhana, Pravarasena a maîtrisé beaucoup d’autres rois, dans les terres aussi loin que Saurashtra . Il a rétabli le règne du fils de Vikramaditya, Pratapshila (alias Shiladitya), qui avait été expulsé d’Ujjain par ses ennemis. Pratapshila a accepté d’être un vassal de Pravarasena après une résistance initiale. Il a fondé une ville appelée Pravarapura, qui est identifiée par les historiens ultérieurs comme la ville moderne de Srinagar sur la base de détails topographiques. ^[17]
Yudhishthira II	39 ans, 8 mois	185 EC	Fils de Pravarasena
Narendraditya I (Lakshmana)	13 ans	206 CE	Fils de Yudhishthira II et Padmavati
Ranaditya I (Tungjina III)	300 ans	219 CE	Frère cadet de Narendraditya. Sa reine Ranarambha était une incarnation de Bhramaravasini. Le roi Chola Ratisena l’avait trouvée parmi les vagues, lors d’un rituel de culte de l’océan.
Vikramaditya	42 ans	519 CE	Fils de Ranaditya
Baladitya	36 ans, 8 mois	561 CE	Frère cadet de Vikramaditya. Il a maîtrisé plusieurs ennemis. Un astrologue a prophétisé que son gendre lui succéderait comme roi. Pour éviter ce résultat, le roi a épousé sa fille Anangalekha à Durlabhavardhana, un homme beau mais non royal de la caste Ashvaghama Kayastha .

Royaume de Gandhara (vers 1500 – 518 avant notre ère)

La région de Gandhara était centrée autour de la vallée de Peshawar et de la vallée de la rivière Swat , bien que l’influence culturelle du “Grand Gandhara” s’étende à travers le fleuve Indus jusqu’à la région de Taxila sur le plateau de Potohar et vers l’ouest dans les vallées de Kaboul et de Bamiyan en Afghanistan , et vers le nord jusqu’au Karakoram Portée. ^{[18] [19]}

Les dirigeants connus du Gandhara sont-

Nagnajit
Shakuni
Subala
Achala
Kalikeya
Suvala
Vrishaka
Vrihadvala
Gaya
Gavaksha
Vrishava
Charmavat
Arjava
Souka
Kulinda
Pushkarasakti (vers 535–518 avant notre ère), dernier souverain du royaume du Gandhara probablement au moment de la conquête achéménide de la vallée de l’Indus
Kandik, (feu souverain)

Royaume de Kuru (vers 1200–345 avant notre ère)

Kuru II , (roi de la dynastie Puru après qui la dynastie a été nommée Kuruvāmshā et le royaume a été renommé de la dynastie Puru au royaume Kuru . Il a eu trois fils, à savoir Vidhuratha I qui est devenu le dirigeant de Pratisthana , Vyushitaswa qui est mort à un très jeune âge , et Sudhanva, qui est devenu le dirigeant de Magadha . Alors Vidhuratha I est devenu le roi de Hastinapura .)
Vidhuratha I
Jahnu
Parikshit II
Janamejaya II
Bheemasena
Prathishravas
Pratipa
Shantanu , ( Bhishma était le plus jeune fils de Shantanu et Ganga . Chitrāngada et Vichitravirya étaient les fils de Shantanu et Satyavati .)
Vichitravirya , ( Dhritarashtra , Pandu et Vidura étaient les fils de Vichitravirya)
Pandu
Dhritarashtra , (Les Pandava étaient les cinq fils de Pandu et Kunti tandis que les Kaurava étaient les cent fils de Dhritarashtra et Gandhari .)
Yudhishthira , (Yaudheya était le fils de Yudhishthira et Devika. Ghatotkacha était le fils de Bhima et Hidimbi , Abhimanyu était le fils d’ Arjuna et de Subhadra . Babruvahana était le fils d’Arjuna et de Chitrāngadā . Iravan était le fils d’Arjuna et d’Ulupi. Niramitra était le fils de Nakula et Karenumati. Suhotra était le fils de Sahadeva et de la reine Vijaya. Upapandava étaient les 5 fils de Pandava et Draupadi )
Parikshit , (était le fils d’ Abhimanyu .)
Janamejaya
satanique
Ashwamedhatta
Dwiteeyram
Chatramal
Chitrarath
Dushtshailya
Ugraséna
Shoorsen
Bhuvanpati
Ranjeet
Riktchak
Sukdeva
Narharidev
Suchirath
Shoorsen II
Parvatsen
Mehavi
Soncheer
Bheemdev
Nriharidev
Pauvre animal
Kardavi
Alammik
Udaipal
Duvanmal
Damat
Bheempal
Kshemaka, (il était le dernier roi Kuru détrôné par Mahapadma Nanda de l’ empire Nanda en 345 avant notre ère.) ^{[20] [21]}

Royaume de Panchala (vers 1100 avant notre ère – 350 de notre ère)

Ajamida II avait un fils nommé Rishin. Rishin avait deux fils à savoir Samvarana II, dont le fils était Kuru et Brihadvasu dont les descendants étaient Panchalas. ^{[22] [23] [24]}

La liste des dirigeants du royaume de Panchala est-

Rishin
Brihadbhanu, (fils de Brihadvasu)
Brihatkaya
Puranjaya
Riksha
Bramhyaswa
Aramyaswa
Mudgala, Yavinara, Pratiswan, Maharaja Kampilya – (fondateur de Kampilya , capitale du royaume de Panchala )
Sranjaya, (fils d’Aramyaswa)
Dritimana
Drdhanemi
Sarvasena, (fondateur du royaume d’Ujjain )
Mitra
Rukmaratha
Suparswa
Sumathi
Sannatimana
Crète
Pijavana
Somadutta
Jantuvahana
Badhrayaswa
Brihadhishu
Brihadhanu
Brihadkarma
Jayaratha
Visvajit
Seinyajit
Nepavirya, (d’après le nom de ce roi, le pays s’appelait Nepaldesh)
Samara
Sadashva
Ruchiraswa
Pruthusena
Praptı
Prthaswa
Sukrti
Vibhirâja
Anuha
Bramhadatta II
Vishwaksena
Dandaséna
Durmukha
Durbuddhi
Dharbhya
Divodasa
Sivana je
Mitrayu
Maitrayana
Soma
Sivana II
Sadasana
Sahadeva
Somaka, (le fils aîné de Somaka était Sugandakrthu et le plus jeune était Prishata. Mais dans une guerre, tous les fils sont morts et Prishata a survécu et est devenu le roi de Panchala)
Prishati , (fils de Somaka)
Drupada , (fils de Prishata)
Dhrishtadyumna , (était le fils de Drupada, Draupadi et Shikhandi étaient les filles de Drupada)
Keśin Dalbhya
Pravahana Jaivali
Achyuta , (dernier dirigeant connu du royaume de Panchala qui a été vaincu vers 350 CE par le dirigeant Gupta Samudragupta .)

Royaume d’Anga (vers 1100 – 530 avant notre ère)

Les dirigeants Anga connus sont-

Maharaj Anga – (fondateur du royaume et fils du roi Bali )
Romapada
Brihadratha
Angaraj Karna
Vrishaketu – (fils de Karna)
Tamralipta
Lomapada
Chitraratha
Vrihadratha
Vasuhoma
Dhatarattha
Dhadivahana
Brahmadatta – (dernier roi du royaume d’Anga)

Royaume de Kamboja (vers 700 – 200 avant notre ère)

Les dirigeants connus de Kamboja sont-

Kamatha
Chandravarma Kamboja
Kamatha Kamboja
Prapaksha Kamboja
Soudakshina Kamboja
Srindra Varmana Kamboj
Chitrangada Kamboja
Chandranandan Kamboja

Dynastie Pandyan (vers 600 avant notre ère – 1650 de notre ère)

Premiers Pandyans

Koon Pandianan

(Premier roi Pandyan connu)

Nedunj Cheliyan Ier

(Aariyap Padai Kadantha Nedunj Cheliyan) (il a été mentionné dans la légende de Kannagi )

Pudappandyan
Mudukudumi Paruvaludhi
Nedunj Cheliyan II

(Pasumpun Pandiyan)

Nan Maran
Nedunj Cheliyan III

(Talaiyaalanganathu Seruvendra Nedunj Cheliyan)

Maran Valudi
Musiri Mutriya Cheliyan
Ukkirap Peruvaluthi

Pandyans moyens (vers 590–920 CE)

Kadungon (590–620 CE)
Maravarman Avani Culamani (vers 620–645 CE)
Jayantavarman (vers 645–670 CE)
Arikesari Maravarman Nindraseer Nedumaaran (vers 670–710 CE)
Kochadaiyan Ranadhiran (710–735 CE)
Arikesari Parankusa Maravarman Rajasimha I (735–765)
Parantaka Nedunjadaiyan (765–815)
Rasasingan II (790–800)
Varagonan Ier (800–830)
Srimara Srivallabha (815–862)
Varagunavarman II (862–880)
Parantaka Viranarayana (880-900)
Maravarman Rajasimha II (900–920)

Pandyans sous l’empire Chola (vers 920-1216 CE)

Sundara Pandyan I
Vira Pandyan I
Vira Pandian II
Amarabhujanga Tivrakopa
Jatavarman Sundara Chola Pandyan
Maravarman Vikrama Chola Pandyan
Maravarman Parakrama Chola Pandyan
Jatavarman Chola Pandya
Seervallabha Manakulachala (1101–1124)
Maaravaramban Seervallaban (1132-1161)
Parakrama Pandyan I (1161-1162)
Kulasekara Pandyan III
Vira Pandian III
Jatavarman Srivallaban (1175-1180)
Jatavarman Kulasekaran I (1190-1216)

Pandalam (plus tard Pandyans) (vers 1212–1345 CE)

Parakrama Pandian II (1212-1215)
Maravarman Sundara Pandyan (1216-1238)
Sadayavarman Kulasekaran II (1238-1240)
Maravarman Sundara Pandyan II (1238–1251)
Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan (1251-1268)
Maaravarman Kulasekara Pandyan I (1268-1308)
Sundara Pandyan IV (1309-1327)
Vira Pandyan IV (1309-1345)

Tenkasi Pandyans (vers 1422–1650 CE)

Au 15ème siècle, les Pandyans ont perdu leur capitale traditionnelle Madurai à cause de l’invasion islamique et des Nayaks , et ont été forcés de déplacer leur capitale à Tirunelveli dans le sud du Tamilakam et y ont existé en tant que vassaux.

Cataiyavarman Parakrama Pandyan

(1422-1463)

Cataiyavarman III Kulasekara Pandyan

(1429-1473)

Azhagan Perumal Parakrama Pandyan (1473-1506)
Kulasekara Pandyan (1479–1499)
Cataiyavarman Civallappa Pandyan

(1534-1543)

Parakrama Kulasekara Pandyan

(1543-1552)

Nelveli Maran (1552-1564)
Cataiyavarman Adiveerama Pandyan

(1564-1604)

Varathunga Pandyan (1588–1612)
Varakunarama Pandyan (1613–1618)
Kollankondan (1618–1650)

Dynastie Chera (vers 600 avant notre ère – 1530 CE)

Ancienne Chera (vers 600 avant notre ère – 400 de notre ère)

Vanavan ou Vanavaramban (425–350 avant notre ère)
Kuttuvan Uthiyan Cheralathan (350–328 avant notre ère)
Imayavaramban Neduncheralathan (328-270 avant notre ère)
Palyaanai Chelkezhu Kuttuvan (270–245 avant notre ère)
Kalangaikanni narmudichéral (245-220 avant notre ère)
Perumcheralathan (220-200 avant notre ère)
Kudakko Neduncheralathan (200-180 avant notre ère)
Kadal Pirakottiya Velkezhu Kuttuvan (180-125 avant notre ère)
Adukotpattuch Cheralathan (125–87 avant notre ère)
Selvak kadungo Vazhiyathan (87–62 avant notre ère)
Yanaikatchei Mantharanj Cheral Irumborai (62–42 avant notre ère)
Thagadoor Erintha Perum Cheral Irumborai (42–25 avant notre ère), (unification du haut et du bas Kongu Nadu ).
Ilancheral Irumborai (25-19 avant notre ère)
Karuvur Eriya Koperumcheral Irumborai (19-1 avant notre ère)
Vanji Mutrathu tunjiya Anthuvancheral (1 BCE-10 CE)
Kanaikal Irumborai (20–30 CE)
Palai Padiya Perum kadngko (1–30 CE)
Kokothai Marban (30–61 CE)
Cheran Chenguttuvan (61–140 CE)
Kottambalathu tunjiya Maakothai (140-150 CE)
Cheraman mudangi kidantha Nedumcheralathan (150–160 CE)
Cheraman Kanaikkal Irumborai (160–180 CE)
Cheraman Ilamkuttuvan (180–200 CE)
Thambi Kuttuvan (200-220 CE)
Poorikko (220-250 CE)
Cheraman Kuttuvan Kothai (250–270 CE)
Cheraman Vanjan (270-300 CE)
Mantharanj Cheral (330–380 CE), trouvé dans les inscriptions d’ Allahabad de Samudragupta .

Kongu Cheras ( Karur ) (vers 400–844 CE)

Ravi Kota
Kantan Ravi
Vira Kota
Vira Narayana
Vira Chola
Vira Kerala
Amara Bhujanga Deva
Kerala Kesari Adhirajaraja Deva

Kodungallur Cheras (vers 844–1122 CE)

( Les Perumals, anciennement Kulasekharas )

Sthanu Ravi Kulasekhara (844–870 CE)
- Kulasekhara Alvar /Kulasekhara Varma
Rama Rajasekhara (870–883 CE)
- Cheraman Perumal Nayanar
Vijayaraga (883–895 CE)
Kotha Kotha Kerala Kesari (895–905 CE)
Kotha Ravi (905–943 CE)
Indu Kotha (943–962 CE)
Bhaskara Ravi Manukuladithya (962–1021 CE)
Ravi Kotha Rajasimha (1021-1036 CE)
Raja Raja (1036-1089 CE)
Ravi Rama Rajadithya (1036–1089 CE)
Adithyan Kotha Ranadithya (1036–1089 CE)
Rama Kulasekhara (1089-1122 CE)

Venadu Cheras ( Kulasekhara ) (vers 1090–1530 CE)

Rama Kulasekhara (1090-1102)
Kotha Varma Marthandam (1102-1125)
Vira Kerala Varma I (1125-1145)
Kodai Kerala Varma (1145-1150)
Vira Ravi Varma (1145-1150)
Vira Kerala Varma II (1164–1167)
Vira Aditya Varma (1167-1173)
Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1173-1192)
Devadaram Vira Kerala Varma III (1192–1195)
Vira Manikantha Rama Varma Tiruvadi (1195- ?)
Vira Rama Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1209-1214)
Vira Ravi Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1214-1240)
Vira Padmanabha Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1240-1252)
Ravi Varma (1252-1313)
Vira Udaya Martanda Varma (1313-1333)
Aditya Varma Tiruvâdi (1333-1335)
Vira Rama Udaya Martanda Varma Tiruvadi (1335-1342)
Vira Kerala Varma Tiruvadi (1342–1363)
Vira Martanda Varma III (1363-1366)
Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1366-1382)
Vira Ravi Varma (1383-1416)
Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1416-1417)
Vira Kerala Martanda Varma (1383)
Chera Udaya Martanda Varma (1383–1444)
Vira Ravi Varma (1444–1458)
Sankhara Sri Vira Rama Martanda Varma (1458-1468)
Vira Kodaï Sri Aditya Varma (1468-1484
Vira Ravi Ravi Varma (1484-1503)
Martanda Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1503-1504)
Vira Ravi Kerala Varma, Kulasekhara Perumal (1504–1530)

Learn more.

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Alan Hale Jr.

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Dynastie Chola (vers 600 avant notre ère – 1280 CE)

Cholas antique (vers 600 avant notre ère – 300 de notre ère)

Eri Oliyan Vaendhi
Maandhuvaazhi
El Mei Nannan
Keezhai Kinjuvan
Vazhisai Nannan
Mei Kiyagusi Aerru
Aai Kuzhi Agusi Aerru
Thizhagan Maandhi
Maandhi Vaelan
Aai Adumban
Ilamcetcenni
Karikala Chola
Nedunkilli
Nalankilli
Killivalavan
Perunarkilli
Kocengannan

Empire impérial de Cholas (vers 848–1280 CE)

Vijayalaya Chola (848–881)
Aditya (871–907)
Parantaka I (907–955)
Gandaraditya (950–957)
Arinjaya (956–957)
Parantaka Chola II (957-970)
Uttama Chola (973–985)
Rajaraja Chola I (985-1014)
Rajendra Chola Ier (1014-1018)
Rajadhiraja Chola Ier (1018-1054)
Rajendra Chola II (1054-1063)
Virarajendra Chola (1063-1070)
Athirajendra Chola (1067-1070)
Kulottunga Chola I (1071–1122)
Vikkrama Chola (1118-1135)
Kulottunga Chola II (1133–1150)
Rajaraja Chola II (1146-1163)
Rajadiraja Chola II (1163-1178)
Kulottunga Chola III (1178-1218)
Rajaraja Chola III (1216-1246)
Rajendra Chola III (1246-1279), dernier des Chola)

Royaume de Tambapanni (vers 543–437 avant notre ère)

Maison de Vijaya

Portrait	Nom	Naissance	La mort	Roi De	Roi jusqu’à	Mariages	Prétendre
	Vijaya	? Sinhapura fils de Sinhabahu et Sinhasivali	505 av. J.-C. Tambapanni	543 avant JC	505 avant JC	Kuveni deux enfants Pandu Princess	Mariage du Royaume fondé avec Kuveni
Upatissa (régente)	–	–	505 avant JC	504 avant JC	Premier ministre du prince Vijaya
Panduvasdeva	–	–	504 avant JC	474 avant JC	Neveu de Vijaya
Abhaya	–	–	474 avant JC	454 avant JC	Fils de Panduvasdeva
Tissa (régent)	–	–	454 avant JC	437 avant JC	Frère cadet d’Abhaya

Dynastie Satavahana (vers 230 avant notre ère – 220 de notre ère)

Le début de la règle Satavahana est daté de 230 avant notre ère à 220 de notre ère. ^[25] Satavahanas a dominé la région du Deccan du 1er siècle avant notre ère au 3ème siècle de notre ère. ^[26] Il a duré jusqu’au début du 3ème siècle CE. Les rois Satavahana suivants sont historiquement attestés par des archives épigraphiques, bien que les Puranas nomment plusieurs autres rois (voir Dynastie Satavahana # Liste des dirigeants ):

Simuka Satavahana (vers 230-207 avant notre ère)
Kanha Satavahana (vers 207-189 avant notre ère)
Malia Satakarni (vers 189-179 avant notre ère)
Purnothsanga (vers 179-161 avant notre ère)
Shathakarni (vers 179-133 avant notre ère)
Lambodara Satavahana (vers 87–67 avant notre ère)
Hala (vers 20-24 CE)
Mandalaka (vers 24-30 CE)
Purindrasena (vers 30–35 CE)
Sundara Satakarni (vers 35-36 CE)
Cakora Satakarni (vers 36 CE)
Mahendra Satkarni (vers 36–65 CE)
Gautamiputra Satakarni (vers 106–130 CE)
Vashishtiputra Pulumayi (vers 130–158 CE)
Vashishtiputra Satakarni (vers 158–170 CE)
Sri Yajna Satakarni (vers 170–220 CE)

Dynastie Mahameghavahana (vers 225 avant notre ère – 300 CE)

Mahamegha Vahana était le fondateur de la dynastie Kalingan Chedi ou Cheti . ^{[27] [28]} Les noms de Sobhanaraja, Chandraja, Ksemaraja apparaissent également en contexte. ^[29] Mais, Kharavela est le plus connu d’entre eux. La relation exacte entre Mahamegha Vahana et Kharavela n’est pas connue. ^[27]

Maharaja Vasu
Roi Mahamegha Vahana
Sobhanaraja
Chandraja
Ksemaraja
Vakradeva (ou) Virdhharaja
Kharavela (vers 193 avant notre ère – 155 avant notre ère)
Kudepasiri Vakradeva ll
Vaduka
Galaveya
Mana-Sada
Siri-Sada
Maha-Sada
Sivamaka-Sada
Asaka-Sada ^{[30] [31]}

Royaume de Kangleipak (Manipur) (vers 200 avant notre ère -1950 de notre ère)

Le peuple Meitei est composé de sept clans majeurs, connus sous le nom de Salai Taret . Les clans comprennent–

Mangang
Khuman Salaï
Luwang
Angom
Moilang
Khaba Nganba
Salaï Leishangthem

Ancienne dynastie de Kangleipak (vers 200 avant notre ère -33 CE)

Khapa-Nganpa Salai

Taang-chaa Leela Pakhangpa (200 avant notre ère)
Kangba
Maliya Fampalcha (150 avant notre ère)
Kaksu Tonkonpa
Koilou Nongtailen Pakhangpa
Samlungpha (44–34 avant notre ère)
Chingkhong Poireiton (34-18 avant notre ère)
Singtabung (18-8 avant notre ère)
Paangminnaba (8–1 avant notre ère)

Luwang Salaï

Luwang Khunthipa (1-5 CE)
Luwang Punshipa (5–33 CE)

Dynastie Ningthouja ou Mangang (vers 33–1074 CE)

Nongta Lailen Pakhangpa (33–154 CE)
Khuiyoi Tompok (154–264 CE)
Taothingmang (264–364 CE)
Khui Ningonba (364–379 CE)
Pengsipa (379–394 CE)
Kaokhangpa (394–411 CE)
Naokhampa (411–428 CE)
Naophangpa (428–518 CE)
Sameilang (518–568 CE)
Urakonthoupa (568–658 CE)
Naothingkhon (663–763 CE)
Khongtekcha (763–773 CE)
Keilencha (784–799 CE)
Yalaba (799–821 CE)
Ayangpa (821–910 CE)
Ningthoucheng (910–949 CE)
Chenglei-Ipan-Lanthapa (949–969 CE)
Keiphaba Yanglon (969–984 CE)
Irengba (984–1074 CE)

Dynastie Kangleipak (vers 1074–1819 CE)

Loiyumpa (1074–1112)
Loitongpa (1112–1150)
Atome Yoilempa (1150-1163)
Iyanthapa (1163–1195)
Thayanthapa (1195-1231)
Chingthang Lanthapa (1231-1242)
Thingpai Shelhongpa (1242-1247)
Pulanthapa (1247-1263)
Khumompa (1263-1278)
Moilampa (1278-1302)
Thangpi Lanthapa (1302–1324)
Kongyampa (1324–1335)
Telheipa (1335–1355)
Tonapa (1355-1359)
Tapungpa (1359–1394)
Lailenpa (1394–1399)
Punsipa (1404–1432)
Ningthoukhompa (1432-1467)
Senpi Kiyampa (1467–1508)
Koilempa (1508-1512)
Lamkhyampa (1512-1523)
Nonginphapa (1523-1524)
Kapompe (1524-1542)
Tangchampa (1542-1545)
Chalampa (1545-1562)
Mungyampa (1562-1597)
Kaki Ngampa (1597–1652)
Khunchaopa (1652–1666)
Paikhompa (1666–1697)
Charairongba (1697–1709)
Gharib Nawaz (Ningthem Pamheipa) (1709-1754), (adoption du nom de Manipur )
Chit Sain (1754–1756)
Gaurisiam (1756–1763)
Ching-Thang Khomba (Bhagya Chandra) (1764–1798)
Rohinchandra (Harshachandra Singh) (1798–1801)
Maduchandra Singh (1801–1806)
Charajit Singh (1806–1812)
Marjit Singh (1812–1819)

(Arrivé au pouvoir avec le soutien birman) .

Règle birmane (vers 1819–1825 CE)État princier (vers 1825–1947 CE)

Gambhir Singh (1825-1834)

( Restauré après la première guerre anglo-birmane )

Régence pour Chandrakirti Singh (1834–1850)
Nara Singh (1844–1850)
Debendro Singh (1850)
Chandrakirti Singh (1850–1886)
Surchandra Singh (1886–1890)
Kulachandra Singh (1890–1891)
Churachand Singh (1891-1941)
Bodhchandra Singh (1941–1947) ^{[32] [33]}

Royaume de Kuninda (vers le 2e siècle avant notre ère au 3e siècle de notre ère)

Le royaume de Kuninda était un ancien royaume himalayen central documenté du 2ème siècle avant notre ère au 3ème siècle de notre ère, situé dans les régions méridionales de l’ Himachal Pradesh moderne et les régions de l’extrême ouest de l’Uttarakhand dans le nord de l’Inde .

Le seul dirigeant connu du royaume de Kuninda est

Amoghabhuti (fin du IIe au début du Ier siècle avant notre ère)

Royaumes étrangers (assimilés) du sous-continent indien

Ces empires étaient vastes, centrés en Perse ou en Méditerranée ; leurs satrapies (provinces) en Inde étaient à leur périphérie.

Les frontières de l’ empire achéménide atteignaient le fleuve Indus.
Alexandre le Grand (326-323 avant notre ère) de la dynastie Argead qui a combattu Porus lors de la bataille de la rivière Hydaspes .
Seleucus I Nicator (323–321 avant notre ère), diadochos a été vaincu par Chandragupta Maurya en 305 avant notre ère.
La dynastie hellénistique Euthydemid a également atteint les frontières nord-ouest de l’Inde (vers 221–85 avant notre ère).

Indo-Scythe – Saka ( vers 12 avant notre ère – 395 CE)

Aprācas (vers 12 avant notre ère -45 CE)

Vijayamitra

(12 avant notre ère -15 de notre ère)

Indravasu

(vers 20 EC)

Vispavarman
Indravarman
Aspa (vers 5-45 CE) ou Aspavarma (vers 15-45 CE)
Sasan (vers 45 CE)

Dirigeants scythes du nord-ouest (vers 90 avant notre ère – 10 CE)

Maues (vers 85–60 avant notre ère)
Vonones (vers 75–65 avant notre ère)
Spalahores (vers 75–65 avant notre ère)
Spalarises (vers 60–57 avant notre ère)
Azès I (vers 57-35 avant notre ère)
Azilises (vers 57–35 avant notre ère)
Azès II (vers 35-12 avant notre ère)
Zéionise (vers 10 avant notre ère – 10 CE)
Kharahostes (vers 10 avant notre ère – 10 CE)
Hajatria
Liaka Kusuluka, satrape de Chuksa
Kusulaka Patika , satrape de Chuksa

Pāratas (vers 125–300 CE)

Yolamira (vers 125-150)
Bagamira (vers 150)
Arjuna (vers 150-160)
Hvaramira (vers 160–175)
Mirahvara (vers 175–185)
Miratakhma (vers 185–200)
Kozana (vers 200-220)
Bhimarjuna (vers 220–235)
Koziya (vers 235–265)
Datarvharna (vers 265–280)
Datayola II (vers 280–300)

Satrapes du Nord ( région de Mathura ) (vers 20 avant notre ère – 20 de notre ère)

Hagamasha (satrape)
Hagana (satrape)
Rajuvula (Grand Satrape) (vers 10 CE)
soda

Dirigeants locaux mineurs

Bhadayasa
Mamvadi
Arsakes (indo-scythe)

Satrapes occidentaux ( Western Saka ) (vers 119–395 CE)

Nahapâna (119-124)
Chastana (vers 124)
Jayadaman (vers 124-130)
Rudradaman I (vers 130-150)
Damajadasri Ier (170-175)
Jivadaman (175-199)
Rudrasimha I (175-188)
Isvaradatta (188-191)
Rudrasimha I (restauré) (191-197)
Jivadaman (restauré) (197-199)
Rudrasena I (200–222)
Samghadaman (222-223)
Damasena (223–232)
Damajadasri II (232-239) avec
Viradaman (234–238)
Yasodaman Ier (239)
Vijayasena (239–250)
Damajadasri III (251-255)
Rudrasena II (255–277)
Visvasimha (277-282)
Bhratadarman (282–295)
Visvaséna (293–304)
Rudrasimha II , fils du Seigneur (Svami) Jivadaman (304-348) avec
Yasodaman II (317–332)
Rudradman II (332–348)
Rudrasena III (348–380)
Simhasena (souverain indo-scythe) (380–382)
Rudrasena IV (382–388)
Rudrasimha III (388–395)

Empire Kushan (vers 1–375 CE)

Règle	Règne	Remarques
Heraios		1–30	Roi ou chef de clan des Kushans. Fondateur de la dynastie.
Kujula Kadphises		30–80	United la confédération Yuezhi au cours du 1er siècle, et est devenu le premier empereur Kushan.
Vima Takto Soter Megas		80–90	Alias Le Grand Sauveur . Son empire couvrait le nord-ouest du Gandhara et la grande Bactriane vers la Chine , où la présence de Kushan a été affirmée dans le bassin du Tarim . Sous son règne, des ambassades furent également envoyées à la cour chinoise.
Vima Kadphises		90–127	Le premier grand empereur Kushan. Il a introduit la monnaie d’or, en plus de la monnaie de cuivre et d’argent existante. La majeure partie de l’or semble avoir été obtenue grâce au commerce avec l’ Empire romain .
Kanishka I le Grand		127–144	Entré à la tête d’un empire en Bactriane s’étendant jusqu’à Pataliputra dans la plaine du Gange . Ses conquêtes et son patronage du bouddhisme ont joué un rôle important dans le développement de la route de la soie et dans la transmission du bouddhisme Mahayana du Gandhara à travers la chaîne du Karakoram jusqu’en Chine .
Huvishka		144–191	Son règne fut une période de repli et de consolidation pour l’Empire.
Vasudeva I		191–232	Il fut le dernier grand empereur Kushan, et la fin de son règne coïncide avec l’invasion des Sassanides jusqu’au nord-ouest de l’Inde, et l’établissement des Indo-Sassanides ou Kushanshahs vers 240.
Kanishka II		232–245	Il est probable qu’il ait perdu une partie de son empire au profit des Kushano-Sassaniens .
Vashishka		245–250
Kanishka III		250–275
Vasudeva II		275–310
Chhu	310–325
Vasudeva III	environ 300 ?	Des rois dont l’existence est incertaine.
Vasudeva IV
Vasudeva V
Shaka Kushan / Shaka I		325–350
Kipunada		350–375	Peut avoir été un sujet de Samudragupta de l’Empire Gupta .

Indo-Parthe – Pahalava (vers 21-100 CE)

Gondophares I (vers 21-50)
Abdagases I (vers 50–65)
Satavastres (vers 60)
Sarpédons (vers 70)
Orthagnes (vers 70)
Ubouzanès (vers 77)
Sases ou Gondophares II (vers 85)
Abdagasès II (vers 90)
Pakorès (vers 100)

Alchon Huns – Huna (vers 400–670 CE)

Rois anonymes (400 – 430 CE)
Khingila (vers 430 – 490 CE)
Javukha / Zabocho (vers le milieu du 5e – début du 6e CE)
Mehama (vers 461 – 493 CE)
Lakhana Udayaditya (vers 490 CE)
Aduman
Toramana (vers 490 – 515 CE)
Mihirakula (vers 515 – 540 CE)
Toramana II (vers 530 – 570 CE)
Pravarasena (vers 530 – 590 CE)
Gokarna (vers 570 – 590 CE)
Narendraditya Khinkhila (vers 590 – 630 CE)
Yudhishthira (630–670 CE)

Dynastie Chutu de Banavasi (vers 100 avant notre ère – 200 CE)

Les dirigeants Chutu suivants sont connus à partir de pièces de monnaie et d’inscriptions : ^[34]

Chutukulananda
Mulananda
Sivalananda

Dynastie Nagvanshi de Chotanagpur (vers 64–1952 CE)

Voici la liste des dirigeants de Nagvanshi selon le poème de Nagpuri “Nagvanshavali” écrit par Beniram Mehta et le livre “Nagvansh” écrit par Lal Pradumn Singh. La liste des rois et la chronologie varient dans ces livres. Le 57e roi Nagvanshi Dripnath Shah (c.1762–1790 CE) a soumis la liste des rois Nagvanshi au gouverneur général de l’Inde en 1787. ^[35]

Raja

Raja Phani Mukut Rai (vers 64-162 CE)
Raja Mukut Rai (vers 162-221 CE)
Raja Ghat Rai (vers 221-278 CE)
Raja Madan Rai (vers 278-307 CE)
Raja Pratap Rai (vers 307 – 334 CE)
Raja Kandrap Rai (vers 334 – 365 CE)
Raja Udaimani Rai (vers 365-403 CE)
Raja Jaimani Rai (vers 403 – 452 CE)
Raja Srimani Rai (vers 452-476 CE)
Raja Phani Rai (vers 476 – 493 CE)
Raja Gendu Rai (vers 493 – 535 CE)
Raja Hari Rai (vers 535 – 560 CE)
Raja Gajraj Rai (vers 560-606 CE)
Raja Sundar Rai (vers 606 – 643 CE)
Raja Mukund Rai (vers 643 – 694 CE)
Raja Udai Rai (vers 694 – 736 CE)
Raja Kanchan Rai (vers 736 – 757 CE)
Raja Magan Rai (vers 757 – 798 CE)
Raja Jagan Rai (vers 798 – 837 CE)
Raja Mohan Rai (vers 837-901 CE)
Raja Gajdant Rai (vers 901-931 CE)
Raja Gajghant Rai (vers 931-964 CE)
Raja Chandan Rai (vers 964-992 CE)
Raja Anand Rai (vers 992-1002 CE)
Raja Sripati Rai (vers 1002 – 1055 CE)
Raja Jaganand Rai (vers 1055-1074 CE)
Raja Nripendra Rai (vers 1074 -1084 CE)
Raja Gandharva Rai (vers 1084 -1098 CE)
Raja Bhim Karn (c.1098 -c.1132)
Raja Jash Karn (c.1132-c.1180)
Raja Jai Karn (vers 1180-vers 1218)
Raja Go Karn (c.1218-c.1236)
Raja Hari Karn (c.1236-c.1276)
Raja Shiv Karn (vers 1276-vers 1299)
Raja Benu Karn (c.1299-c.1360)
Raja Phenu Karn
Raja Tihouli Karn
Raja Shivdas Karn (c.1367-c.1389)
Raja Udai Karn (c.1389-c.1427)
Raja Pritvi Karn (c.1427-c.1451)
Raja Pratap Karn (c.1451-c.1469)
Raja Chhatra Karn (vers 1469 – vers 1515)
Raja Virat Karn (vers 1515 – vers 1522)
Raja Sindhu Karn (vers 1522 – vers 1535)
Raja Madhu Karn Shah (vers 1584 -vers 1599)
Raja Bairisal (vers 1599 -vers 1614)
Raja Durjan Sal (vers 1614-1615) (vers 1627 – vers 1640)
Raja Deo Shah
Raja Raghunath Shah (1640–1690)
Raja Ram Shah (1690-1715)
Raja Yadunath Shah (1715-1724)
Raja Shivnath Shah (1724-1733)
Raja Udainath Shah (1733–1740)
Raja Shyamsundar Nath Shah (1740–1745)
Raja Balram Nath Shah (1745-1748)
Raja Maninath Shah (1748–1762)
Raja Dhripnath Shah (1762–1790)
Raja Deo Nath Shah (1790–1806)

Maharaja

Maharaja Gobind Nath Shah Deo (1806–1822)
Maharaja Jagannath Shah Deo (1822–1872)
Maharaja Udai Pratap Nath Shah Deo (1872–1950)
Maharaja Lal Chintamani Sharan Nath Shahdeo (1950–1952)

Dynastie Bharshiva ( Nagas de Padmavati ) (vers 170–350 CE)

Vrisha-naga

(Peut-être gouverné à Vidisha à la fin du 2ème siècle) .

Vrishabha ou Vrisha-bhava

( Peut aussi être le nom d’un roi distinct qui a succédé à Vrisha-naga ).

Bhima-naga (210–230 CE)

( Probablement le premier roi à régner depuis Padmavati )

Skanda-naga
Vasu-naga
Brihaspati-naga
Vibhu-naga
Ravi-naga
Bhava-naga
Prabhakara-naga
Deva-naga
Vyaghra-naga
Ganapati-naga

Dynastie Chandra (vers 202–1050 CE)

Liste des dirigeants– ^{[36] [37]}

Liste des dirigeants de la dynastie Chandra

#	Roi	Période	Règne (CE)
1	Chandrodaya	27	202–229
2	Annaveta	5	229–234
3	Anonyme	77	234–311
4	Rimbhiappa	23	311–334
5	Kuverami (Reine)	7	334–341
6	Umavira (reine)	20	341–361
7	Jugna	7	361–368
8	Lanki	2	368–370
9	Dvenchandra	55	370–425
dix	Rajachandra	20	425–445
11	Kalachandra	9	445–454
12	Devachandra	22	454–476
13	Yajnachandra	7	476–483
14	Chandrabandu	6	483–489
15	Bhumichandra	7	489–496
16	Bhutichandra	24	496–520
17	Nitichandra (reine)	55	520–575
18	Virachandra	3	575–578
19	Pritichandra (Reine)	12	578-90
20	Prithvichandra	7	590–597
21	Dhirtichandra	3	597–600
22	Mahavira	12	600-12
23	Virayajap	12	612-24
24	Sevinren	12	624-36
25	Dharmasura	13	636-49
26	Vajrashakti	16	649-65
27	Dharmavijaya	36	665–701
28	Narendravijaya	2 ans 9 mois	701–703
29	Dharmachandra	16	703–720
30	Anandachandra	9+	720-729+
Dynastie Harikela
1	Traillokyachandra	30	900–930
2	Srichandra	45	930–975
3	Kalyanachandra	25	975–1000
4	Ladahachandra	20	1000–1020
5	Govindachandra	30	1020–1050

Dynastie Abhira de Nasik (203–370 CE)

Voici la liste des dirigeants souverains et forts d’Abhira: ^[38]

Abhira Sivadatta
Sakasena alias Saka Satakrni
Abhira Ishwarsena alias Mahaksatrapa Isvaradatta
Abhira Vashishthiputra Vasusena

Empire Gupta (vers 240–550 CE)

Règle	Règne	Remarques
Sri-Gupta I		240–290	Fondateur de la dynastie.
Ghatotkacha		290–320
Chandra-Gupta I		320–325	Son titre Maharajadhiraja (“roi des grands rois”) suggère qu’il fut le premier empereur de la dynastie. On ne sait pas comment il a transformé son petit royaume ancestral en un empire, bien qu’une théorie largement acceptée parmi les historiens modernes soit que son mariage avec la princesse Lichchhavi Kumaradevi l’a aidé à étendre son pouvoir politique.
Samudra-Gupta		325–375	A vaincu plusieurs rois du nord de l’Inde et annexé leurs territoires à son empire. Il a également marché le long de la côte sud-est de l’Inde, avançant jusqu’au royaume de Pallava . En outre, il subjugua plusieurs royaumes frontaliers et oligarchies tribales. Son empire s’étendait de la rivière Ravi à l’ouest au fleuve Brahmapoutre à l’est, et des contreforts himalayens au nord au centre de l’Inde au sud-ouest; plusieurs dirigeants le long de la côte sud-est étaient ses affluents.
Kacha		4ème siècle	Frère/roi rival, peut-être un usurpateur, il y a des pièces de monnaie qui l’attestent comme souverain ; peut-être identique à Samudra-Gupta .
Rama-Gupta	375–380
Chandra-Gupta II Vikramaditya		380–415	A poursuivi la politique expansionniste de son père Samudragupta : des preuves historiques suggèrent qu’il a vaincu les Kshatrapas occidentaux et étendu l’empire Gupta du fleuve Indus à l’ouest à la région du Bengale à l’est, et des contreforts himalayens au nord à la Narmada Rivière au sud.
Kumara-Gupta I		415–455	Il semble avoir conservé le contrôle de son territoire hérité, qui s’étendait du Gujarat à l’ouest à la région du Bengale à l’est.
Skanda-Gupta		455–467	Il est dit qu’il a restauré la fortune déchue de la famille Gupta, ce qui a conduit à suggérer qu’au cours des dernières années de son prédécesseur, l’Empire aurait subi des revers, peut-être contre les Pushyamitras ou les Hunas . Il est généralement considéré comme le dernier des grands empereurs Gupta.
Puru-Gupta	467–472
Kumara-Gupta II Kramaditya		472–479
Bouddha-Gupta		479–496	Il avait des liens étroits avec les dirigeants de Kannauj et ensemble, ils ont cherché à chasser les Alchon Huns ( Hunas ) des plaines fertiles du nord de l’Inde.
Narasimha-Gupta Baladitya		496–530
Kumara-Gupta III	530–540
Vishnu-Gupta Candraditya		540–550
Bhanu-Gupta	?	Un roi moins connu avec une position incertaine dans la liste.

Dynastie Vakataka (vers 250–500 CE)

Vindhyasakti (250–270)
Pravarasena I (270–330)

The Pravarapura-Nandivardhana branch

Rudrasena I (330–355)
Prithivishena I (355–380)
Rudrasena II (380–385)
Divakarasena (385–400)
Prabhavatigupta (fem.), Regent (385–405)
Damodarasena (Pravarasena II) (400–440)
Narendrasena (440–460)
Prithvishena II (460–480)

The Vatsagulma branch

Sarvasena (330–355)
Vindhyasena (Vindhyashakti II) (355–442)
Pravarasena II (400–415)
Unknown (415–450)
Devasena (450–475)
Harishena (475–500)

Pallava dynasty (c. 275–901 CE)

Early Pallavas (c. 275–355 CE)

Simha Varman I (King) (275–300 or 315–345)
Skanda Varman I (Queen) (345–355)
Singh Vishnu / Vappdev

Middle Pallavas (c. 355–537 CE)

Vishnugopa (350–355)
Kumaravisnu I (355–370)
Skanda Varman II (370–385)
Vira Varman (385–400)
Skanda Varman III (400–438)
Simha Varman II (438–460)
Skanda Varman IV (460–480)
Nandi Varman I (480–500)
Kumaravishnu II (c. 500–510)
Buddha Varman (c. 510–520)
Kumaravisnu III (c. 520–530)
Simha Varman III (c. 530–537)

Later Pallavas (c. 537–901 CE)

Simha Vishnu (537–570)
Mahendra Varman I (571–630)
Narasimha Varman I (Mamalla) (630–668)
Mahendra Varman II (668–672)
Paramesvara Varman I (672–700)
Narasimha Varman II (Raja Simha) (700–728)
Paramesvara Varman II (705–710)
Nandi Varman II (Pallavamalla) (732–796)
Thandi Varman (775–825)
Nandi Varman III (825–869)
Nirupathungan (869–882)
Aparajitha Varman (882–901)

Kadamba dynasty (c. 345–1347 CE)

Kadamba dynasty of Banavasi (c. 345–525 CE)

Mayurasharma (Varma) (345–365)
Kangavarma (365–390)
Bagitarha (390–415)
Raghu (415–435)
Kakusthavarma (435–455)
Santivarma (455–460)
Mrigeshavarma (460–480)
Shivamandhativarma (480–485)
Ravivarma (485–519)
Harivarma (519–525)

Kadambas of Goa (until 1345)Kadambas of Hangal (until 1347)

Varman dynasty of Kamarupa (350–650 CE)

The dynastic line, as given in the Dubi and Nidhanpur copperplate inscriptions:^[39]

Reign	Name	succession	Queen
1	350-374	Pushyavarman	(unknown)
2	374-398	Samudravarman	son of Pushyavarman	Dattadevi
3	398-422	Balavarman	son of Samudravarman	Ratnavati
4	422-446	Kalyanavarman	son of Balavarman	Gandharavati
5	446-470	Ganapativarman	son of Kalyanavarman	Yajnavati
6	470-494	Mahendravarman	son of Ganapativarman	Suvrata
7	494-518	Narayanavarman	son of Mahendravarman	Devavati
8	518-542	Bhutivarman	son of Narayanavarman	Vijnayavati
9	542-566	Chandramukhavarman	son of Bhutivarman	Bhogavati
10	566-590	Sthitavarman	son of Chandramukhavarman	Nayanadevi
11	590-595	Susthitavarman	son of Sthitavarman	Syamadevi
12	595-600	Supratisthitavarman	son of Susthitavarman	(Bachelor)
13	600-650	Bhaskaravarman	brother of Supratisthitavarman	(Bachelor)
14	650-655	Unknown	(unknown)	(unknown)

Western Ganga dynasty of Talakad (350–1024 CE)

List of rulers–

Konganivarma Madhava (350–370), founder of dynasty
Madhava II (370–390)
Harivarman (390–410)
Vishnugopa (410–430)
Tadangala Madhava (430–466)
Avinita (466–495)
Durvinita (495–535)
Mushkara (535–585)
Srivikrama (585–635)
Bhuvikarma (635–679)
Shivamara I (679–725)
Sripurusha (725–788)
Shivamara II (788–816)
Rajamalla I (817–853)
Nitimarga Ereganga (853–869)
Rajamalla II (870–907)
Ereyappa Nitimarga II (907–919)
Narasimhadeva (919–925)
Rajamalla III (925–935)
Butuga II (935–960)
Takkolam in (949)
Maruladeva (960–963)
Marasimha III (963–974)
Rajamalla IV (974–985)
Rakkasa Ganga (985–1024), last ruler of dynasty

Traikutaka dynasty (c. 370–520 CE)

The following Traikuta rulers are known from the coins and inscriptions of Gupta Empire:^[40]

Maharaja Indradatta (415–440 CE)
Maharaja Dahrasena
Maharaja Vyaghrasena, son of Dahrasena (480 CE)
Maharaja Madhyamasena
Vikramasena

Vishnukundina dynasty (c. 420–624 CE)

Madhava Varma I (420–455)
Indra Varma (455–461)
Madhava Verma II (461–508)
Vikramendra Varma I (451–528)
Indra Bhattaraka Varma (528–555/580)
Janssraya Madhava Varma IV (580–624)^[41][42]

Maitraka dynasty of Vallabhi (c. 475–776 CE)

Bhatarka (c. 475–492)
Dharasena I (c. 493–499)
Dronasinha (also known as Maharaja) (c. 500–520)
Dhruvasena I (c. 520–550)
Dharapatta (c. 550–556)
Guhasena (c. 556–570)
Dharasena II (c. 570–595)
Siladitya I (also known as Dharmaditya) (c. 595–615)
Kharagraha I (c. 615–626)
Dharasena III (c. 626–640)
Dhruvasena II (also known as Baladitya) (c. 640–644)
Chkravarti king Dharasena IV (also known as Param Bhatarka, Maharajadhiraja, Parameshwara) (c. 644–651)
Dhruvasena III (c. 651–656)
Kharagraha II (c. 656–662)
Siladitya II
Siladitya III
Siladitya IV
Siladitya V
Siladitya VI
Siladitya VII (c. 766 CE)^[43]

Rai dynasty (c. 489–632 CE)

Rai Diwa ji (Devaditya)
Rai Sahiras (Shri Harsha)
Rai Sahasi (Sinhasena)
Rai Sahiras II, died battling the King of Nimroz
Rai Sahasi II, the last of the line

Later Gupta dynasty (c. 490–750 CE)

The known Later Gupta rulers included:^[44][45][46]

Nrpa Shri Krishna-gupta (490–505 CE)
Deva Shri Harsha-gupta (505–525 CE)
Nrpa Shri Jivita-gupta I (525–550 CE)
Nrpa Shri Kumara-gupta (550–560 CE)
Nrpa Shri Damodara-gupta (560–562 CE)
Nrpa Shri Mahasena-gupta (562–601 CE)
Nrpa Shri Madhava-gupta (601–655 CE)
Maharajadhiraja Aditya-sena (655–680 CE)
Maharajadhiraja Deva-gupta (680–700 CE)
Maharajadhiraja Vishnu-gupta (700–725 CE)
Maharajadhiraja Jivita-gupta II (725–750 CE)

Chalukya dynasty (c. 500–1200 CE)

Ruler	Reign	Capital	Notes
Jayasimha I	500–520	Badami	Founder of the dynasty. He ruled the area around modern Bijapur in the early 6th century.
Ranaraga	520–540	Badami
Pulakeshin I	540–567	Badami	He ruled parts of the present-day Maharashtra and Karnataka states in the western Deccan region of India.
Kirtivarman I	567–592	Badami	He expanded the Chalukya kingdom by defeating the Nalas, the Mauryas of Konkana, the Kadambas, the Alupas, and the Gangas of Talakad.
Mangalesha		592–610	Badami	Brother of Kirtivarman. Expanded the Chalukya power in present-day Gujarat and Maharashtra after defeating the Kalachuri king Buddharaja. He also consolidated his rule in the Konkan coastal region of Maharashtra and Goa after conquering Revati-dvipa from the rebel Chalukya governor Svamiraja. His reign ended when he lost a war of succession to his nephew Pulakeshin II, a son of Kirttivarman I.
Pulakeshin II		610–642	Badami	Son of Kirtivarman I, he overthrew his uncle Mangalesha to gain control of the throne. Suppressed a rebellion by Appayika and Govinda, and decisively defeated the Kadambas of Banavasi in the south. Consolidated the Chalukya control over the western coast by subjugating the Mauryas of Konkana. He was victorious against the powerful northern emperor Harsha-vardhana. He also achieved some successes against the Pallavas in the south, but was ultimately defeated, and probably killed, during an invasion by the Pallava king Narasimhavarman I.
Kubja Vishnu-Vardhana I	615/24–641	Vengi (Eastern)	Brother of Pulakeshin II. Ruled under him as viceroy in Vengi, and then declared independence in 624.
Jayasimha II	641–673	Vengi (Eastern)
Adityavarman	642–645	Badami	First son of Pulakeshin II. Probably ruled under the Pallavas.
Abhinavaditya	645–646	Badami	Son of the predecessor.
Chandraditya	646–649	Badami	Second son of Pulakeshin II.
Vijaya-Bhattarika (regent)	649–655	Badami	Regent for her minor son. She was deposed by her brother-in-law.
A son of Chandraditya	Badami
Vikramaditya I	655–680	Badami	He restored order in the fractured kingdom and made the Pallavas retreat from the capital.
Indra Bhattaraka	673	Vengi (Eastern)	Brother of Jayasimha II. Ruled for a week.
Vishnu-Vardhana II	673–682	Vengi (Eastern)
Vinayaditya	680–696	Badami	He carried campaigns against the Pallavas, Kalabhras, Haihayas, Vilas, Cholas, Pandyas, Gangas and many more.
Mangi Yuvaraja	682–706	Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya I	696–733	Badami	His long reign was marked by general peace and prosperity. Vijayaditya also built a number of temples. He fought against the Pallavas and extracted tributes from Parameshwar Varma V.
Jayasimha III	706–718	Vengi (Eastern)
Kokkli	718–719	Vengi (Eastern)
Vishnu-Vardhana III	719–755	Vengi (Eastern)
Vikramaditya II		733–746	Badami	Conducted successful military campaigns against their enemy, the Pallavas of Kanchipuram, in three occasions: the first time as a crown prince, the second time as an emperor and the third time under the leadership of his son and crown prince Kirtivarman II.
Kirtivarman II Rahappa	746- 757	Badami	His reign was continuously troubled by the growing power of the Rashtrakutas and Pandyas. He finallt succumbed to the Rashtrakutas, who ended the power of the family in Badami.
Vijayaditya II	755–772	Vengi (Eastern)
Vishnu-Vardhana IV	755–808	Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya III	808–847	Vengi (Eastern)	His first military victories against the Rashtrakutas made the path for the independence of the dynasty from this occupant.
Kali Vishnu-Vardhana V	847–849	Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya IV	849–892	Vengi (Eastern)	Brothers, ruled together.
Vikramaditya III	Vengi (Eastern)
Yuddhamalla I	Vengi (Eastern)
Bhima I	892–921	Vengi (Eastern)	During his rule, Vengi could claim some independence as capital from the Rashtrakutas.
Vijayaditya V	921	Vengi (Eastern)
Amma I	921–927	Vengi (Eastern)	Probably brothers, ruled jointly.
Vishnu-Vardhana VI	Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya VI	927	Vengi (Eastern)	Ruled for fifteen days.
Tadapa	927	Vengi (Eastern)	Ruled for a month.
Vikramaditya IV	927–928	Vengi (Eastern)
Bhima II	928–929	Vengi (Eastern)
Yuddhamalla II	929–935	Vengi (Eastern)
Bhima III	935–947	Vengi (Eastern)
Amma II	947–970	Vengi (Eastern)
Danarnava	970–973	Vengi (Eastern)	Deposed by Jata Choda Bhima. Sought for help within the Chola Empire.
Tailapa II Ahvamalla		973–997	Kalyani (Western)	6th great-grandson of Vijayaditya I. Ousted the Rashtrakutas in the West and recovered the power once held by his family.
Jata Choda Bhima	973–999	Vengi (Eastern)
Satyashraya	997–1008	Kalyani (Western)
Shaktivarman I	999–1011	Vengi (Eastern)	First son of Danarnava. Returned from exile and recovered his throne. Now free from the usurper, however Eastern Vengi dynasty lost some of the independence they have gained some generations ago. Begin of the growing Chola influence in Vengi kingdom.
Vikramaditya V	1008–1015	Kalyani (Western)	Nephew of Satyahraya, as son of his brother, Dashavarman.
Vimaladitya	1011–1018	Vengi (Eastern)	Second son of Danarnava. In his exile period with his father and brother, he was married to Kundavai, daughter of Rajaraja I from the Chola Empire.
Jayasimha III		1015–1043	Kalyani (Western)	He had to fight on many fronts, against the Cholas of Tanjore in the south and the Paramara dynasty in the north, to protect his kingdom. His rule however was an important period of development of Kannada literature. He saw his cousins in Vengi fall firmly into the hands of the Cholas who would use their marital relations with the Eastern Chalukyas and their over lordship over Vengi to frustrate and threaten the Western Chalukyas from two fronts, from the east and from the South. But, at the same time, he consolidated more firmly the Western Chalukya power in the Deccan.
Rajaraja Narendra		1018–1061	Vengi (Eastern)	Son of Vimaladitya, had support in the throne from the Cholas, whose influence grew significantly. He supported Cholas against his cousins, the Western Chalukyas. His own son managed to succeed in the Chola Empire, in 1070, as Kulottunga I, beginning the Later Cholas period, in which the Chola Empire was ruled by a branch of the Eastern Chalukyas renamed Chola.
Someshvara I Trilokyamalla		1042–1068	Kalyani (Western)	His several military successes in Central India made him a formidable ruler of a vast empire. During his rule, the Chalukyan empire extended to Gujarat and Central India in the north.
Shaktivarman II	1061–1062	Vengi (Eastern)
Vijayaditya VII	1062–1075	Vengi (Eastern)	Also son of Vimaladitya, but half-brother of Rajaraja Narendra. Ascended to the throne with support from Western Chalukyas.
Someshvara II Bhuvanaikamalla		1068–1076	Kalyani (Western)	First son of Someshvara I, deposed by his younger brother, Vikramaditya.
Rajaraja	1075–1079	Vengi (Eastern)
Vikramaditya VI Tribhuvanamalla		1076–1126	Kalyani (Western)	Second son of Someshvara I. Under his reign, the Western Chalukya Empire reached its zenith. He is noted for his patronage of art and letters. His court was adorned with famous Kannada and Sanskrit poets. Intervened in Chola politics, sitting his brother-in-law, Athirajendra Chola, on the Chola Empire throne.
Vishnu-Vardhana VII	1079–1102	Vengi (Eastern)	Last known Chalukya ruler of Vengi.
Someshvara III		1126–1138	Kalyani (Western)	He was a noted historian, scholar, and poet, and authored the Sanskrit encyclopedic text Manasollasa touching upon such topics as polity, governance, astronomy, astrology, rhetoric, medicine, food, architecture, painting, poetry and music: making his work a valuable modern source of socio-cultural information of the 11th- and 12th-century India.
Jagadhekamalla II		1138–1151	Kalyani (Western)	His rule saw the slow decline of the Chalukya empire with the loss of Vengi entirely, though he was still able to control the Hoysalas in the south and the Seuna and Paramara in the north.
Tailapa III	1151–1164	Kalyani (Western)	Faced many feudatory risings against Chalukya rule.
Jagadhekamalla III	1164–1183	Kalyani (Western)	His rule was completely overshowded by the emergence of the Southern Kalachuris under Bijjala II who took control of Kalyani. He had to escape to the Banavasi region.
Someshvara IV		1183–1200	Kalyani (Western)	Recovered his capital, by defeating the Kalachuris, but failed to prevent his old allies, Seuna, Hoysala and the Kakatiya dynasty, who, after deposing Someshvara by 1200, divided his empire among themselves.

Shahi Kingdom (c. 500–1026 CE)

In Kabul Shahi Kingdom two Dynasties ruled (both were Hindu dynasties) from:

Turk Shahi (c. 500–850 CE)
Hindu Shahi (c. 850–1026 CE)

Turk Shahi dynasty (c. 500–850 CE)

Nandin Rulers of Gilgit (500–552)
Khingala of Kapisa (535–552)
Patoladeva / Navasurendradiyta (552–575)
Srideva / Surendra Vikrmadiyta (575–605)
Patoladeva / Vajraditya (605–645)
Barha Tegin (645–680)
Tegin Sha (680–739)
Fromo Kesar / Gesar (739–755)

Hindu Shahi dynasty (c. 850–1026 CE)

Samantadeva Kallar / Lalliya (850–895), first ruler of dynasty
Kamalavarmadeva / Kamaluka (895–921)
Bhimadeva (921–964)
Ishtthapala (ruled 8 months)
Jayapala (964–1001)
Anandapala (1001–1010)
Trilochanapala (1010–22) assassinated by mutinous troops)
Bhimapala (died in 1022–1026), last ruler of dynasty

Pushyabhuti dynasty (c. 500–647 CE)

Pushyabhuti (Puṣyabhuti), possibly mythical
Naravardhana (500–525 CE)
Rajyavardana I (525–555 CE)
Adityavardhana (Ādityvardhana or Ādityasena) (555–580 CE)
Prabhakara-vardhana (Prabhākaravardhana) (580–605 CE)
Rajya-vardhana (Rājyavardhana II) (605–606 CE)
Harsha-vardhana (Harṣavardhana) (606–647 CE), Unified Northern India and ruled it for over 40 years, he was the last non-Muslim emperor to rule a unified Northern India.

Eastern Ganga Empire (c. 505–1950 CE)

Eastern Ganga dynasty (c. 505–1434 CE)

Indravarman I is earliest known Independent king of the dynasty. He is known from the Jirjingi copper plate grant.^[41][42]

Mittavarman (c. 505–520)

(Eastern Ganga king, feudal under Vakataka rule)

Indravarman I (c. 520–537)

(Real founder of dynasty)

Samantavarman (c. 537–562)
Hastivarman (c. 562–578)
Indravarman II (c. 578–589)
Danarnava (c. 589–652)
Indravarman III (c. 652–682)
Gunarnava (c. 682–730)
Devendravarman I (c. 730–780)
Anantavarman III (c. 780–812)
Rajendravarman II (c. 812–840)
Devendravarman V (c. 840–895)
Gunamaharnava I (c. 895–910)
Vajrahasta II (or Anangabhimadeva I) (c. 910–939)
Gundama – (c. 939–942)
Kamarnava I (c. 942–977)
Vinayaditya (c. 977–980)
Vajrahasta IV (c. 980–1015)
Kamarnava II (c. 1015–6 months after)
Gundama II (c. 1015–1038)
Vajrahasta V (c. 1038–1070)
Rajaraja Deva I (c. 1070–1077)
Anantavarman Chodaganga (c. 1077–1147)
Jatesvaradeva (c. 1147–1156)
Raghava Deva (c. 1156–1170)
Rajaraja Deva II (c. 1170–1190)
Anangabhima Deva II (c. 1190–1198)
Rajraja Deva III (c. 1198–1211)
Anangabhima Deva III (c. 1211–1238)
Narasimha Deva I (1238–1264)
Bhanu Deva I (1264–1278)
Narasimha Deva II (1279–1306)
Bhanu Deva II (1306–1328)
Narasimha Deva III (1328–1352)
Bhanu Deva III (1352–1378)
Narasimha Deva IV (1378–1414)
Bhanu Deva IV (1414–1434)

Gudari Kataka Ganga State

According to Gangavansucharitam written in sixteenth or seventeenth century, Bhanu Deva IV also known as Kajjala Bhanu founded a new small princedom in southern Odisha at Gudari in modern Rayagada district after he was toppled from power by his general Kapilendra Deva.^[47]

Kajjala Bhanu (or Bhanu Deva IV)
Svarna Bhanu
Kalasandha Deva
Chudanga Deva
Harimani Deva
Narasimha Deva
Ananta Deva
Padmanabha Deva
Pitambara Deva
Vasudeva
Purrushottama Anangabhima Deva (or Bhima Deva)

Chikiti Ganga State (c. 881–1950 CE)

Historians conclude that the rulers of Chikiti were from the line of Ganga ruler Hastivarman.^[48][49]

Kesaba Rautara (or Bira Karddama Singha Rautara)

(881–940)

Balabhadra Rautara

(941–997)

Madhaba Rautara

(998–1059)

Languli Rautara

(1060–1094)

Mohana Rautara

(1095–1143)

Balarama Rautara

(1144–1197)

Biswanatha Rautara

(1198–1249)

Harisarana Rautara

(1250–1272)

Raghunatha Rautara

(1273–1313)

Dinabandhu Rautara

(1314–1364)

Gopinatha Rautara

(1365–1417)

Ramachandra Rautara

(1418–1464)

Narayana Rautara

(1465–1530)

Narasingha Rautara

(1531–1583)

Lokanatha Rautara

(1584–1633)

Jadumani Rautara

(1634–1691)

Madhusudana Rajendra Deba (1692–1736)
Kulamani Rajendra Deba

(1737–1769)

Krusnachandra Rajendra Deba (1770–1790)
Pitambara Rajendra Deba (1791–1819)
Gobindachandra Rajendra Deba (1820–1831)
Kulamani Rajendra Deba

(1832–1835)

Brundabanachandra Rajendra Deba (1835–1846)
Jagannatha Rajendra Deba (1847–1855)
Biswambhara Rajendra Deba (1856–1885)
Kisorachandra Rajendra Deba (1885–1903)
Radhamohana Rajendra Deba (1903–1923)
Gaurachandra Rajendra Deba

(1923–1934)

Sachhidananda Rajendra Deba

(1934–1950)

Parlakhemundi Ganga State (c. 1309–1950)

Parlakhemundi state rulers were the direct descendants of the Eastern Ganga dynasty rulers of Odisha.^[50][51]

Narasingha Deba (1309–1320)
Madanrudra Deba (1320–1339)
Narayana Rudra Deba (1339–1353)
Ananda Rudra Deba (1353–1354)
Ananda Rudra Deba (1354–1367)
Jayarudra Deba (1367–1399)
Lakhsmi Narasingha Deba (1399–1418)
Madhukarna Gajapati (1418–1441)
Murtunjaya Bhanu Deba (1441–1467)
Madhaba Bhanu Deba (1467–1495)
Chandra Betal Bhanu Deba (1495–1520)
Subarnalinga Bhanu Deba (1520–1550)
Sibalinga Narayan Bhanudeo (1550–1568)
Subarna Kesari Govinda Gajapati Narayan Deo (1568–1599)
Mukunda Rudra Gajapati Narayan Deo (1599–1619)
Mukunda Deo (1619–1638)
Ananta Padmanabh Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1638–1648)
Sarbajgan Jagannatha Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1648–1664)
Narahari Narayan Deo (1664–1691)
Bira Padmanabh Narayan Deo II (1691–1706)
Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1706–1736)
Jagannatha Gajapati Narayana Deo II (1736–1771)
Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo I (1771–1803)
Purushottam Gajapati Narayan Deo (1803–1806)
Jagannath Gajapati Narayan Deo III (1806–1850)
Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1850–1885)
Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo II (1885–1904)
Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo

(1913–1950)

Titular Rulers

Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo

(1950 – 25 May 1974)

Gopinath Gajapati Narayan Deo

(25 May 1974 – 10 January 2020)

Kalyani Gajapati

(10 January 2020–present)

Jaintia Kingdom (c. 515–1835 CE)

Old dynasty

Urmi Rani (?-550)
Krishak Pator (550–570)
Hatak (570–600)
Guhak (600–630)

Partitioned Jaintia

Jayanta (630–660)
Joymalla (660-?)
Mahabal (?)
Bancharu (?-1100)
Kamadeva (1100–1120)
Bhimbal (1120)

Brahmin dynasty

Kedareshwar Rai (1120–1130)
Dhaneshwar Rai (1130–1150)
Kandarpa Rai (1150–1170)
Manik Rai (1170–1193)
Jayanta Rai (1193–1210)
Jayanti Devi
Bara Gossain

New dynasty

Prabhat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1500–1516)
Majha Gosain Syiem Sutnga (1516–1532)
Burha Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1532–1548)
Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga I (1548–1564)
Bijay Manik Syiem Sutnga (1564–1580)
Pratap Ray Syiem Sutnga (1580–1596)
Dhan Manik Syiem Sutnga (1596–1612)
Jasa Manik Syiem Sutnga (1612–1625)
Sundar Ray Syiem Sutnga (1625–1636)
Chota Parbat Ray Syiem Sutnga (1636–1647)
Jasamanta Ray Syiem Sutnga (1647–1660)
Ban Singh Syiem Sutnga (1660–1669)
Pratap Singh Syiem Sutnga (1669–1678)
Lakshmi Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1678–1694)
Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga I (1694–1708)
Jay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1708–1731)
Bar Gosain Syiem Sutnga II (1731–1770)
Chattra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1770–1780)
Yatra Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1780–1785)
Bijay Narayan Syiem Sutnga (1785–1786)
Lakshmi Singh Syiem Sutnga (1786–1790)
Ram Singh Syiem Sutnga II (1790–1832)
Rajendra Singh Syiem Sutnga (1832–1835)^[52][53]

Gurjara-Pratihara Empire (c. 550–1036 CE)

Pratiharas of Mandavyapura (c. 550–860 CE)

R. C. Majumdar, on the other hand, assumed a period of 25 years for each generation, and placed him in c. 550 CE. The following is a list of the dynasty’s rulers (IAST names in brackets) and estimates of their reigns, assuming a period of 25 years.

Harichandra (Haricandra) alias Rohilladhi (r. c. 550 CE), founder of dynasty
Rajilla (r. c. 575 CE)
Narabhatta (Narabhaṭa) alias Pellapelli (r. c. 600 CE)
Nagabhata (Nāgabhaṭa) alias Nahada (r. c. 625 CE)
Tata (Tāta) and Bhoja (r. c. 650 CE)
Yashovardhana (Yaśovardhana) (r. c. 675 CE)
Chanduka (Canduka) (r. c. 700 CE)
Shiluka (Śīluka) alias Silluka (r. c. 725 CE)
Jhota (r. c. 750 CE)
Bhilladitya alias Bhilluka (r. c. 775 CE)
Kakka (r. c. 800 CE)
Bauka (Bāuka) (r. c. 825 CE)
Kakkuka (r. c. 861 CE), last ruler

Pratiharas of Bhinmala (Kannauj) (c. 730–1036 CE)

List of rulers–

Nagabhata I (730–756), founder of dynasty
Kakustha (756–765)
Devaraja (765–778)
Vatsaraja (778–805)
Nagabhata II (800–833)
Ramabhadra (833–836)
Mihira Bhoja (836–890), Greatest ruler of dynasty
Mahendrapala I (890–910)
Bhoja II (910–913)
Mahipala I (913–944)
Mahendrapala II (944–948)
Devpala (948–954)
Vinaykpala (954–955)
Mahipala II (955–956)
Vijaypala II (956–960)
Rajapala (960–1018)
Trilochanpala (1018–1027)
Jasapala (Yashpala) (1024–1036), last ruler of dynasty

Other Pratihara Branches

Baddoch Branch (c. 600–700 CE)

Known Baddoch rulers are-

Dhaddha 1 (600–627)
Dhaddha 2 (627–655)
Jaibhatta (655–700)

Rajogarh Branch

Badegujar were rulers of Rajogarh

Parmeshver Manthandev, (885–915)
No records found after Parmeshver Manthandev

Kingdom of Mewar (c. 550–1947 CE)

In the 6th century, three different Guhila dynasties are known to have ruled in present-day Rajasthan:

Guhilas of Nagda-Ahar,
Guhilas of Kishkindha (modern Kalyanpur),
Guhilas of Dhavagarta (present-day Dhor).

Guhila dynasty (c. 550–1303 CE)

Bappaka (550–566)
Guhaditya / Guhlia (566–580) (Real founder of the dynasty)
Bhoja (580–602)
Mahendra (I) (602–616)
Nāga (616–646)
Śiladitya (646–661 )
Aparājita (661–697 )
Mahendra (II) (697–728)
Bappa Rawal / Kālabhoja (728–753)
Khommāṇa (I) (753–773)
Mattaṭa (773–790)
Bhartṛipaṭṭa (I) (790–813)
Rawalsiṃha (813–820)
Khommāṇa (II) (820–853)
Mahāyaka (853–900)
Khommāṇa (III) (900–942)
Bhartṛipaṭṭa (II) (942–943 CE)
Allaṭa (943–953 )
Naravāhana (953–971 )
Śalivāhana (971–977 )
Śaktikumāra (977–993 )
Āmraprasāda (993–998)
Śuchivarman (998–1010)
Naravarman (1010–1035)
Kīrtivarman (1035–1050)
Yogarāja (1050–1075)
Vairaṭa (1075–1090)
Vaṃśapāla (1090–1100)
Vairisiṃha (1100–1122)
Vijayasiṃha (1122–1130)
Vairisiṃha (II) (1130–1136)
Arisiṃha (1136–1145)
Choḍa (1145–1151)
Vikramasiṃha (1151–1158)
Raṇasiṃha (1158–1165 )^[54][55][56]

Branching of Guhil Dynasty

Ranasingh (1158 CE) During his reign, the Guhil dynasty got divided into two branches.
First (Rawal Branch)—Kṣemasiṃha, son of Raṇasiṃha, ruled over Mewar by building Rawal Branch.
Second (Rana Branch)—Rahapa, the second son of Raṇasiṃha started the Rana Branch by establishing Sisoda bases. Due to his stay in Rana Sisoda hideout, he was later called Sisodia.^[57][56]

Post-split Rawal branch (c. 1165–1303 CE)

Kṣemasiṃha (1165–1172)
Sāmantasiṃha (1172–1179)
Kumārasiṃha (1179–1185)
Mathanasiṃha (1185–1201)
Padmasiṃha (1201–1213)
Jaitrasimha (1213–1252)
Tejasimha (1252–1273)^[58]
Samarasimha (1273–1301)
Ratnasimha (1301–1303).^[59][60]

Rana branch (c. 1160–1326 CE)

Rahapa, a son of Ranasimha alias Karna, established the Rana branch. According to the 1652 Eklingji inscription, Rahapa’s successors were:

Rahapa/Karna (1160)
Narapati (1185)
Dinakara (1200)
Jasakarna (1218)
Nagapala (1238)
Karnapala (1266)
Bhuvanasimha (1280)
Bhimasimha (1297)
Jayasimha (1312)
Lakhanasimha (1318)
Arisimha (Arasi) (1322)
Hammir Singh (1326)^[61]

Sisodia dynasty (c. 1326–1947 CE)

Hammir Singh (1326–1364)
Kshetra Singh (1364–1382)
Lakha Singh (1382–1421)
Mokal Singh (1421–1433)
Rana Kumbha (1433–1468)
Udai Singh I (1468–1473)
Raimal Singh (1473–1508)
Sangram Singh I (1508–1527), Under his rule Mewar reached its pinnacle in power and prosperity.^[62]
Ratan Singh II (1528–1531)
Vikramaditya Singh (1531–1536)
Vanvir Singh (1536–1540)
Udai Singh II (1540–1572)
Pratap Singh I (1572–1597), 13th king of Mewar, notable for his military resistance against the Mughals.
Amar Singh I (1597–1620)
Karan Singh II (1620–1628)
Jagat Singh I (1628–1652)
Raj Singh I (1652–1680)
Jai Singh (1680–1698)
Amar Singh II (1698–1710)
Sangram Singh II (1710–1734)
Jagat Singh II (1734–1751)
Pratap Singh II (1751–1754)
Raj Singh II (1754–1762)
Ari Singh II (1762–1772)
Hamir Singh II (1772–1778)
Bhim Singh (1778–1828)
Jawan Singh (1828–1838)
Sardar Singh (1838–1842)
Swarup Singh of Udaipur (1842–1861)
Shambhu Singh (1861–1874)
Sajjan Singh (1874–1884)
Fateh Singh (1884–1930)
Bhupal Singh (1930–1947)

Titular Maharanas

Bhupal Singh (1947–1955)
Bhagwat Singh Mewar
Mahendra Singh Mewar

Gauda Kingdom (c. 590–626 CE)

Shashanka (590–625 CE), first recorded independent king of Bengal, created the first unified political entity in Bengal
Manava (625–626 CE), ruled for 8 months before being conquered by Harshavardhana and Bhaskarvarman

Chacha dynasty of Sindh (c. 632–724 CE)

The known rulers of the Brahman dynasty are:^[63]

Chach (632–671 CE)
Chandar (671–679 CE)
Dāhir (679–712 CE) from Alor

Under the Umayyad Caliphate

Dahirsiya (679–709 CE) from Brahmanabad
Hullishāh (712–724 CE)
Shishah (till 724 CE)

Karkota dynasty of Kashmir (c. 625–855 CE)

Durlabhavardhana (625–662), (founder of the dynasty)
Durlabhaka or Pratipaditya (662–712)
Chandrapeeda or Varnaditya (712–720)
Tarapida or Udayaditya (720–724)
Lalitaditya Muktapida (724–760), (built the famous Martand Sun Temple in Kashmir)
Kuvalayaditya (760–761)
Vajraditya or Bapyayika or Lalitapida (761–768)
Prithivyapida I (768–772)
Sangramapida (772–779)
Jayapida (also Pandit and poet) (779–813)
Lalitapida (813–825)
Sangramapida II (825–832)
Chipyata-Jayapida (832–885), (last ruler of dynasty)

Other puppet rulers under Utpala dynasty are

Ajitapida
Anangapida
Utpalapida
Sukhavarma

Chahamana (Chauhan) Empire (c. 650–1315 CE)

The ruling dynasties belonging to the Chauhan clan included:-

Chahamanas of Shakambhari (Chauhans of Ajmer)
Chahamanas of Naddula (Chauhans of Nadol)
Chahamanas of Jalor (Chauhans of Jalore); branched off from the Chahamanas of Naddula
Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (Chauhans of Ranthambore); branched off from the Chahamanas of Shakambhari
Chahamanas of Lata
Chahamanas of Dholpur
Chahamanas of Partabgarh

Chahamanas of Shakambhari (c. 650–1194 CE)

Following is a list of Chahamana rulers of Shakambhari and Ajmer, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:^[64]

Chahamana (Legendary)
Vasu-deva (c. 650–684 CE), first known ruler of the dynasty
Samanta-raja (c. 684–709 CE); identified as the legendary Manik Rai by R. B. Singh
Nara-deva (c. 709–721 CE)
Ajaya-raja I (c. 721–734 CE), alias Jayaraja or Ajayapala
Vigraha-raja I (c. 734–759 CE)
Chandra-raja I (c. 759–771 CE)
Gopendra-raja (c. 771–784 CE)
Durlabha-raja I (c. 784–809 CE)
Govinda-raja I (c. 809–836 CE), alias Guvaka I
Chandra-raja II (c. 836–863 CE)
Govindaraja II (c. 863–890 CE), alias Guvaka II
Chandana-raja (c. 890–917 CE)
Vakpati-raja (c. 917–944 CE); his younger son established the Naddula Chahamana branch
Simha-raja (c. 944–971 CE)
Vigraha-raja II (c. 971–998 CE)
Durlabha-raja II (c. 998–1012 CE)
Govinda-raja III (c. 1012–1026 CE)
Vakpati-raja II (c. 1026–1040 CE)
Viryarama (c. 1040 CE)
Chamunda-raja (c. 1040–1065 CE)
Durlabha-raja III (c. 1065–1070 CE), alias Duśala
Vigraha-raja III (c. 1070–1090 CE), alias Visala
Prithvi-raja I (c. 1090–1110 CE)
Ajaya-raja II (c. 1110–1135 CE), moved the capital to Ajayameru (Ajmer)
Arno-raja (c. 1135–1150 CE), alias Ana
Jagad-deva (c. 1150 CE)
Vigraha-raja IV (c. 1150–1164 CE), alias Visaladeva
Apara-gangeya (c. 1164–1165 CE)
Prithvi-raja II (c. 1165–1169 CE)
Someshvara (c. 1169–1178 CE)
Prithvi-raja III (c. 1178–1192 CE), better known as Prithviraj Chauhan also Greatest ruler of dynasty
Govinda-raja IV (c. 1192 CE); banished by Hari-raja for accepting Muslim suzerainty; established the Chahamana branch of Ranastambhapura
Hari-raja (c. 1193–1194 CE), last ruler of dynasty

Chahamanas of Naddula (c. 950–1197 CE)

Following is a list of Chahmana rulers of Naddula, with approximate period of reign, as estimated by R. B. Singh:

Lakshmana (c. 950–982), alias Rao Lakha or Lakhana
Shobhita (c. 982–986)
Baliraja (c. 986–990)
Vigrahapala (c. 990–994)
Mahindra (c. 994–1015), alias Mahindu or Mahendra
Ashvapala (c. 1015–1019)
Ahila (c. 1019–1024)
Anahilla (c. 1024–1055)
Balaprasada (c. 1055–1070)
Jendraraja (c. 1070–1080)
Prithvipala (c. 1080–1090)
Jojalladeva (c. 1090–1110)
Asharaja (c. 1110–1119), alias Ashvaraja
Ratnapala (c. 1119–1132)
Rayapala (c. 1132–1145)
Katukaraja (c. 1145–1148)
Alhanadeva (c. 1148–1163)
Kelhanadeva (c. 1163–1193)
Jayatasimha (c. 1193–1197), last ruler of dynasty

Chahamanas of Jalor (c. 1160–1311 CE)

The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign, are as follows:^[65]

Kirti-pala (c. 1160–1182 CE)
Samara-simha (c. 1182–1204 CE)
Udaya-simha (c. 1204–1257 CE)
Chachiga-deva (c. 1257–1282 CE)
Samanta-simha (c. 1282–1305 CE)
Kanhada-deva (c. 1292–1311 CE)
Virama-deva (1311 CE); crowned during the Siege of Jalore, but died 21⁄2 days later.^[66][67]

Chahamanas of Ranastambhapura (c. 1192–1301 CE)

Govinda-raja (1192 CE), founder of dynasty
Balhana-deva or Balhan, son of Govinda
Prahlada or Prahlad, son of Balhana
Viranarayana or Vir Narayan, son of Prahlada
Vagabhata, son of Balhana; known as Bahar Deo in bardic chronicles
Jaitra-simha or Jaitra Singh
Hammira-deva or Hammir Dev (1301 CE), last & Greatest ruler of dynasty

Mlechchha dynasty of Kamarupa (650–900 CE)

Salastamba (650–670), founder of dynasty
Vijaya alias Vigrahastambha
Palaka
Kumara
Vajradeva
Harshadeva alias Harshavarman (725–745)
Balavarman II
Jivaraja
Digleswaravarman
Salambha^[68]
Harjjaravarman (815–832)
Vanamalavarmadeva (832–855)
Jayamala alias Virabahu (855–860)
Balavarman III (860–880)
Tyagasimha (890–900), last ruler of dynasty

Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri (Chedi) (c. 675–1212 CE)

Vamaraja-deva (675–700 CE), founder of dynasty
Shankaragana I (750–775 CE)
Lakshmana-raja I (825–850 CE)
Kokalla I (850–890 CE); his younger son established the Ratnapura Kalachuri branch
Shankaragana II (890–910 CE), alias Mugdhatunga
Balaharsha (910–915 CE)
Yuvaraja-deva I (915–945 CE)
Lakshmana-raja II (945–970 CE)
Shankaragana III (970–980 CE)
Yuvaraja-deva II (980–990 CE)
Kokalla II (990–1015 CE)
Gangeya-deva (1015–1041 CE)
Lakshmi-karna (1041–1073 CE), alias Karna
Yashah-karna (1073–1123 CE)
Gaya-karna (1123–1153 CE)
Nara-simha (1153–1163 CE)
Jaya-simha (1163–1188 CE)
Vijaya-simha (1188–1210 CE)
Trailokya-malla (c. 1210– at least 1212 CE), last ruler^[69]

Garhwal Kingdom of Uttrakhand (c. 688–1949 CE)

Mola Ram the 18th century painter, poet, historian and diplomat of Garhwal wrote the historical work Garhrajvansh Ka Itihas (History of the Garhwal royal dynasty) which is the only source of information about several Garhwal rulers.^[70][71]

Rulers of Garhwal – Panwar clan of Garhwali Rajputs

No.	Name	Reign	Years Reigned	No.	Name	Reign	Years Reigned	No.	Name	Reign	Years Reigned
1	Kanak Pal	688–699	11	21	Vikram Pal	1116–1131	15	41	Vijay Pal	1426–1437	11
2	Shyam Pal	699–725	26	22	Vichitra Pal	1131–1140	9	42	Sahaj Pal	1437–1473	36
3	Pandu Pal	725–756	31	23	Hans Pal	1141–1152	11	43	Bahadur Shah	1473–1498	25
4	Abhijat Pal	756–780	24	24	Som Pal	1152–1159	7	44	Man Shah	1498–1518	20
5	Saugat Pal	781–800	19	25	Kadil Pal	1159–1164	5	45	Shyam Shah	1518–1527	9
6	Ratna Pal	800–849	49	26	Kamadev Pal	1172–1179	7	46	Mahipat Shah	1527–1552	25
7	Shali Pal	850–857	7	27	Sulakshan Dev	1179–1197	18	47	Prithvi Shah	1552–1614	62
8	Vidhi Pal	858–877	19	28	Lakhan Dev	1197–1220	23	48	Medini Shah	1614–1660	46
9	Madan Pal	877–894	17	29	Anand Pal II	1220–1241	21	49	Fateh Shah	1660–1708	48
10	Bhakti Pal	895–919	24	30	Purva Dev	1241–1260	19	50	Upendra Shah	1708–1709	1
11	Jayachand Pal	920–948	28	31	Abhay Dev	1260–1267	7	51	Pradip Shah	1709–1772	63
12	Prithvi Pal	949–971	22	32	Jayaram Dev	1267–1290	23	52	Lalit Shah	1772–1780	8
13	Medinisen Pal	972–995	23	33	Asal Dev	1290–1299	9	53	Jayakrit Shah	1780–1786	6
14	Agasti Pal	995–1014	19	34	Jagat Pal	1299–1311	12	54	Pradyumna Shah	1786–1804	18
15	Surati Pal	1015–1036	21	35	Jit Pal	1311–1330	19	55	Sudarshan Shah	1804–1859	55
16	Jay Pal	1037–1055	18	36	Anant Pal II	1330–1358	28	56	Bhawani Shah	1859–1871	12
17	Anant Pal I	1056–1072	16	37	Ajay Pal	1358–1389	31	57	Pratap Shah	1871–1886	15
18	Anand Pal I	1072–1083	11	38	Kalyan Shah	1389–1398	9	58	Kirti Shah	1886–1913	27
19	Vibhog Pal	1084–1101	17	39	Sundar Pal	1398–1413	15	59	Narendra Shah	1913–1946	33
20	Suvayanu Pal	1102–1115	13	40	Hansadev Pal	1413–1426	13	60	Manabendra Shah	1946–1949	3

Mallabhum (Bishnupur) kingdom (c. 694–1947 CE)

Mallabhum kingdom or Bishnupur kingdom was the kingdom ruled by the Malla kings of Bishnupur, primarily in the present Bankura district in Indian state of West Bengal.^[72] (also known as Mallabhoom,^[73]

Name of the king^[74][75]	Reign	Notes
Adi Malla	694–710
Jay Malla	710–720
Benu Malla	720–733
Kinu Malla	733–742
Indra Malla	742–757
Kanu Malla	757–764
Dha (Jhau) Malla	764–775
Shur Malla	775–795
Kanak Malla	795–807
Kandarpa Malla	807–828
Sanatan Malla	828–841
Kharga Malla	841–862
Durjan (Durjay) Malla	862–906
Yadav Malla	906–919
Jagannath Malla	919–931
Birat Malla	931–946
Mahadev Malla	946–977
Durgadas Malla	977–994
Jagat Malla	994–1007
Ananta Malla	1007–1015
Rup Malla	1015=1029
Sundar Malla	1029–1053
Kumud Malla	1053–1074
Krishna Malla	1074–1084
Rup II (Jhap) Malla	1084–1097
Prakash Malla	1097–1102
Pratap Malla	1102–1113
Sindur Malla	1113–1129
Sukhomoy(Shuk) Malla	1129–1142
Banamali Malla	1142–1156
Yadu/Jadu Malla	1156–1167
Jiban Malla	1167–1185
Ram Malla	1185=1209
Gobinda Malla	1209–1240
Bhim Malla	1240–1263
Katar(Khattar) Malla	1263–1295
Prithwi Malla	1295 -1319
Tapa Malla	1319–1334
Dinabandhu Malla	1334–1345
Kinu/Kanu II Malla	1345–1358
Shur Malla II	1358–1370
Shiv Singh Malla	1370–1407
Madan Malla	1407–1420
Durjan II (Durjay) Malla	1420–1437
Uday Malla	1437–1460
Chandra Malla	1460–1501
Bir Malla	1501–1554
Dhari Malla	1554–1565
Hambir Malla Dev (Bir Hambir)	1565–1620
Dhari Hambir Malla Dev	1620–1626
Raghunath Singha Dev	1626–1656
Bir Singha Dev	1656–1682
Durjan Singha Dev	1682–1702
Raghunath Singha Dev II	1702–1712
Gopal Singha Dev	1712–1748
Chaitanya Singha Dev	1748–1801
Madhav Singha Dev	1801–1809
Gopal Singha Dev II	1809–1876
Ramkrishna Singha Dev	1876–1885
Dwhaja Moni Devi	1885–1889
Nilmoni Singha Dev	1889–1903
Churamoni Devi (Regency)	1903–1930
Kalipada Singha Thakur	1930–1947

Chand Kingdom of Kumaon (700–1790 CE)

Badri Datt Pandey, in his book Kumaun Ka Itihaas lists the Chand kings as following:

King	Reign	Notes
Som Chand	700–721
Atm Chand	721–740
Purn Chand	740–758
Indra Chand	758–778	Opened Silk Factories
Sansar Chand	778–813
Sudha Chand	813–833
Hamir Chand	833–856
Vina Chand	856–869	Lost to Khas Kings
Vir Chand	1065–1080
Rup Chand	1080–1093
Laxmi Chand	1093–1113
Dharm Chand	1113–1121
Karm Chand	1121–1140
Ballal Chand	1140–1149
Nami Chand	1149–1170
Nar Chand	1170–1177
Nanaki Chand	1177–1195
Ram Chand	1195–1205
Bhishm Chand	1205–1226
Megh Chand	1226–1233
Dhyan Chand	1233–1251
Parvat Chand	1251–1261
Thor Chand	1261–1275
Kalyan Chand II	1275–1296
Trilok Chand	1296–1303	Conquered Chhakhata Built a fort at Bhimtal
Damaru Chand	1303–1321
Dharm Chand	1321–1344	Defeated One Lakh Army of Delhi Sultan Muhammad Bin Tughluq under Khusrau Malik in his Qarachil Expedition
Abhay Chand	1344–1374
Garur Gyan Chand	1374–1419	Established authority over Bhabar and Terai; later lost them to nawab of Sambhal, Recaptured it by defeating Turkish Nawab of Sambhal under General Nilu Kathait
Harihar Chand	1419–1420
Udyan Chand	1420–1421	built Baleshwar Temple at Champawat Captured Chaugarkha
Atma Chand II	1421–1422
Hari Chand II	1422–1423
Vikram Chand	1423–1437	Completed Baleshwar Temple
Bharati Chand	1437–1450	Defeated Doti
Ratna Chand	1450–1488	Defeated Bams of Sor, defeated Doti again
Kirti Chand	1488–1503	annexed Barahmandal, Pali and Faldakot, Conquered Garhwal by defeating Ajaypal and made it vassal state of Kumaon
Pratap Chand	1503–1517
Tara Chand	1517–1533
Manik Chand	1533–1542
Kalyan Chand III	1542–1551
Purna Chand	1551–1555
Bhishm Chand	1555–1560	laid foundation stone of Alamnagar lost Barahmandal to Khas Sardar Gajuwathinga
Balo Kalyan Chand	1560–1568	recaptured Barahmandal moved capital to Alamnagar and renamed it Almora Annexed Mankot and Danpur
Rudra Chand	1568–1597	Successfully defended Terai from nawab of Kath and Gola founded the city of Rudrapur Annexed Sira
Laxmi Chand	1597–1621	built Laxmeswar and Bagnath Temple at Almora and Bageshwar respectively Invaded Garhwal 7 times without any Success
Dilip Chand	1621–1624
Vijay Chand	1624–1625
Trimal Chand	1625–1638
Baz Bahadur Chand	1638–1678	Captured Dehradun and Hindu Pilgrimage Kailash Mansarovar defeated Garhwal and Tibet, has his kingdom from ton river till karnali
Udyot Chand	1678–1698	Defeated combined armies of Garhwal and Doti
Gyan Chand	1698–1708	Defeated Garhwal and expelled fateh shah from Srinagar
Jagat Chand	1708–1720	Invaded Garhwal and captured its capital Srinagar, defeated combined armies of Sikhs\|Khalsa and Garhwal
Devi Chand	1720–1726	Made Afghani Daud Khan General of Kumaon , looted Moradabad , Mughal Empire and captured villages of Mughals
Ajit Chand	1726–1729
Kalyan Chand V	1729–1747	Defeated Rohillas
Deep Chand	1747–1777	Defeated Garhwal King Pradip Shah left him embarrassed
Mohan Chand	1777–1779	Defeated by King Lalit Shah of Garhwal
Pradyumn Chand	1779–1786	Son of king Lalit Shah of Garhwal
Mohan Chand	1786–1788	Overthrew Pradyumn Shah; Became king for second time
Shiv Chand	1788
Mahendra Chand	1788–1790	Defeated by Gorkhas

Karttikeyapur (Katyur) Kingdom (700–1065 CE)

The period of certain Katyuri rulers, is generally determined as below, although there is some ambiguity in respect to exact number of years ruled by each King^[76]

List–

Vasu Dev (700–849 CE)
Basantana Dev (850–870 CE)
Kharpar Dev (870–880 CE)
Abhiraj Dev (880–890 CE)
Tribhuvanraj Dev (890–900 CE)
Nimbarta Dev (900–915 CE)
Istanga (915–930 CE)
Lalitasura Dev (930–955 CE)
Bhu Dev (955–970 CE)
Salonaditya (970–985 CE)
Ichchhata Dev (985–1000 CE)
Deshat Dev (1000–1015 CE)
Padmata Dev (1015–1045 CE)
Subhiksharaja Dev (1045–1060 CE)
Dham Dev (1060–1064 CE)
Bir Dev (Very short period till 1065 CE)

Varman dynasty of Kannauj (c. 725–770 CE)

Yashovarman (c. 725–752 CE), founder of dynasty
Āma
Dunduka
Bhoja (ruled till 770 CE), last ruler of dynasty.^[77]

Rashtrakuta Empire of Manyakheta (c. 735–982 CE)

Dantidurga (735–756 CE), founder of dynasty
Krishna I (756–774 CE)
Govinda II (774–780 CE)
Dhruva Dharavarsha (780–793 CE)
Govinda III (793–814 CE)
Amoghavarsha I (814–878 CE), he was the founded of Manyakheta city, which became the capital of the dynasty.^[78]
Krishna II (878–914 CE)
Indra III (914–929 CE)
Amoghavarsha II (929–932 CE)
Govinda IV (930–935 CE)
Amoghavarsha III (934–939 CE)
Krishna III (939–967 CE)
Khottiga Amoghavarsha (967–972 CE)
Karka II or Amoghhavarsha IV (972–973 CE)
Indra IV (973–982 CE), was the only a claimer for the lost throne.

Tomar dynasty of Delhi (c. 736–1151 CE)

Various historical texts provide different lists of the Tomara kings:^[79]

Khadag Rai’s history of Gwalior (Gopācala ākhyāna) names 18 Tomara kings, plus Prithvi Pala (who is probably the Chahamana king Prithviraja III). According to Khadag Rai, Delhi was originally ruled by the legendary king Vikramaditya. It was deserted for 792 years after his death, until Bilan Dev [Veer Mahadev or Birmaha] of Tomara dynasty re-established the city (in 736 CE).
The Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript names only 15 rulers of “Toar” dynasty, and dates the beginning of their rule to 789 CE (846 Vikram Samvat).
Abul Fazl’s Ain-i-Akbari (Bikaner manuscript, edited by Syed Ahmad Khan) names 19 Tomara kings. It places the first Tomara king in 372 CE (429 Vikram Samvat). It might be possible that the era mentioned in the original source used by Abul Fazl was Gupta era, which starts from 318 to 319 CE; Abul Fazl might have mistaken this era to be Vikrama Samvat. If this is true, then the first Tomara king can be dated to 747 CE (429+318), which is better aligned with the other sources.

As stated earlier, the historians doubt the claim that the Tomaras established Delhi in 736 CE.^[80]

List of Tomara rulers according to various sources ^[81][82]

#	Abul Fazl’s Ain-i-Akbari / Bikaner manuscript	Gwalior manuscript of Khadag Rai	Kumaon-Garhwal manuscript	Ascension year in CE (according to Gwalior manuscript)	Length of reign
Years	Months	Days
1	Ananga Pāla	Bilan Dev	736	18	0	0
2	Vasu Deva	754	19	1	18
3	Gangya	Ganggeva	773	21	3	28
4	Prithivi Pāla (or Prithivi Malla)	Prathama	Mahi Pāla	794	19	6	19
5	Jaya Deva	Saha Deva	Jadu Pāla	814	20	7	28
6	Nīra Pāla or Hira Pāla	Indrajita (I)	Nai Pāla	834	14	4	9
7	Udiraj (or Adereh)	Nara Pāla	Jaya Deva Pāla	849	26	7	11
8	Vijaya (or Vacha)	Indrajita (II)	Chamra Pāla	875	21	2	13
9	Biksha (or Anek)	Vacha Raja	Bibasa Pāla	897	22	3	16
10	Rīksha Pāla	Vira Pāla	Sukla Pāla	919	21	6	5
11	Sukh Pāla (or Nek Pāla)	Go-Pāla	Teja Pāla	940	20	4	4
12	Go-Pāla	Tillan Dev	Mahi Pāla	961	18	3	15
13	Sallakshana Pāla	Suvari	Sursen	979	25	10	10
14	Jaya Pāla	Osa Pāla	Jaik Pāla	1005	16	4	3
15	Kunwar Pāla	Kumara Pāla	1021	29	9	18
16	Ananga Pāla (or Anek Pāla)	Ananga Pāla	Anek Pāla	1051	29	6	18
17	Vijaya Pāla (or Vijaya Sah)	Teja Pāla	Teja Pāla	1081	24	1	6
18	Mahi Pāla (or Mahatsal)	Mahi Pāla	Jyūn Pāla	1105	25	2	23
19	Akr Pāla (or Akhsal)	Mukund Pāla	Ane Pāla	1130	21	2	15
Prithivi Raja (Chahamana)	Prithvi Pala	1151

Pala Empire (c. 750–1174 CE)

Most of the Pala inscriptions mention only the regnal year as the date of issue, without any well-known calendar era. Because of this, the chronology of the Pala kings is hard to determine.^[83] Based on their different interpretations of the various epigraphs and historical records, different historians estimate the Pala chronology as follows:^[84]

RC Majumdar (1971)^[85]	AM Chowdhury (1967)^[86]	BP Sinha (1977)^{[87] [failed verification]}	DC Sircar (1975–76)^[88]	D. K. Ganguly (1994)^[83]
Gopala I	750–770	756–781	755–783	750–775	750–774
Dharmapala	770–810	781–821	783–820	775–812	774–806
Devapala	810–c. 850	821–861	820–860	812–850	806–845
Mahendrapala	NA (Mahendrapala’s existence was conclusively established through a copper-plate charter discovered later.)	845–860
Shurapala I	Deemed to be alternate name of Vigrahapala I	850–858	860–872
Gopala II	NA (copper-plate charter discovered in 1995. Text of inscription published in 2009.)
Vigrahapala I	850–853	861–866	860–865	858–60	872–873
Narayanapala	854–908	866–920	865–920	860–917	873–927
Rajyapala	908–940	920–952	920–952	917–952	927–959
Gopala III	940–957	952–969	952–967	952–972	959–976
Vigrahapala II	960–c. 986	969–995	967–980	972–977	976–977
Mahipala I	988–c. 1036	995–1043	980–1035	977–1027	977–1027
Nayapala	1038–1053	1043–1058	1035–1050	1027–1043	1027–1043
Vigrahapala III	1054–1072	1058–1075	1050–1076	1043–1070	1043–1070
Mahipala II	1072–1075	1075–1080	1076–1078/9	1070–1071	1070–1071
Shurapala II	1075–1077	1080–1082	1071–1072	1071–1072
Ramapala	1077–1130	1082–1124	1078/9–1132	1072–1126	1072–1126
Kumarapala	1130–1140	1124–1129	1132–1136	1126–1128	1126–1128
Gopala IV	1140–1144	1129–1143	1136–1144	1128–1143	1128–1143
Madanapala	1144–1162	1143–1162	1144–1161/62	1143–1161	1143–1161
Govindapala	1158–1162	NA	1162–1176 or 1158–1162	1161–1165	1161–1165
Palapala	NA	NA	NA	1165–1199	1165–1200

Note:^[84]

Earlier historians believed that Vigrahapala I and Shurapala I were the two names of the same person. Now, it is known that these two were cousins; they either ruled simultaneously (perhaps over different territories) or in rapid succession.
AM Chowdhury rejects Govindapala and his successor Palapala as the members of the imperial Pala dynasty.
According to BP Sinha, the Gaya inscription can be read as either the “14th year of Govindapala’s reign” or “14th year after Govindapala’s reign”. Thus, two sets of dates are possible.

Shilahara dynasty of Maharashtra (765–1265 CE)

Shilahara Kingdom was split into three branches:

First branch ruled North Konkan
Second branch ruled South Konkan (between 765 and 1029 CE)
Third branch ruled in modern districts of Kolhapur, Satara and Belgaum (between 940 and 1215 CE) after which they were overwhelmed by the Yadavas.^[89]

South Konkan branch (c. 765–1020 CE)

List of rulers–

Sanaphulla (765–795 CE)
Dhammayira (795–820 CE)
Aiyaparaja (820–845 CE)
Avasara I (845–870 CE)
Adityavarma (870–895 CE)
Avasara II (895–920 CE)
Indraraja (920–945 CE)
Bhima (945–970 CE)
Avasara III (970–995 CE)
Rattaraja (995–1020 CE)

North Konkan (Thane) branch (c. 800–1265 CE)

List of rulers–

Kapardin I (800–825 CE)
Pullashakti (825–850 CE)
Kapardin II (850–880 CE)
Vappuvanna (880–910 CE)
Jhanjha (910–930 CE)
Goggiraja (930–945 CE)
Vajjada I (945–965 CE)
Chhadvaideva (965–975 CE)
Aparajita (975–1010 CE)
Vajjada II (1010–1015 CE)
Arikesarin (1015–1022 CE)
Chhittaraja (1022–1035 CE)
Nagarjuna (1035–1045 CE)
Mummuniraja (1045–1070 CE)
Ananta Deva I (1070–1127 CE)
Aparaditya I (1127–1148 CE)
Haripaladeva (1148–1155 CE)
Mallikarjuna (1155–1170 CE)
Aparaditya II ( 1170–1197 CE)
Ananta Deva II (1198–1200 CE)
Keshideva II (1200–1245 CE)
Ananta Deva III (1245–1255 CE)
Someshvara (1255–1265 CE), last ruler of dynasty

Kolhapur branch (c. 940–1212 CE)

List of rulers–

Jatiga I (940–960 CE)
Naivarman (960–980 CE)
Chandra (980–1000 CE)
Jatiga II (1000–1020 CE)
Gonka (1020–1050 CE)
Guhala I (1050 CE)
Kirtiraja (1050 CE)
Chandraditya (1050 CE)
Marsimha (1050–1075 CE)
Guhala II (1075–1085 CE)
Bhoja I (1085–1100 CE)
Ballala (1100–1108 CE)
Gonka II (1108 CE)
Gandaraditya I (1108–1138 CE)
Vijayaditya I (1138–1175 CE)
Bhoja II (1175–1212 CE)

Ayudha dynasty of Kannauj (c. 770–810 CE)

Vajrayudha (770–783), founder of dynasty
Indrayudha
Chakrayudha (till 810)^[90][91]

Chandela dynasty of Jejakabhukti (c. 831–1315 CE)

The Chandelas of Jejakabhukti were a dynasty in Central India. They ruled much of the Bundelkhand region (then called Jejakabhukti) between the 9th and the 13th centuries.

Based on epigraphic records, the historians have come up with the following list of Chandela rulers of Jejākabhukti (IAST names in brackets):^[92][93]

Nannuka, (c. 831-845 CE)
Vakpati (Vākpati), (c. 845-865 CE)
Jayashakti (Jayaśakti) and Vijayashakti (Vijayaśakti), (c. 865-885 CE)
Rahila (Rāhila), (c. 885-905 CE)
Shri Harsha (Śri Harśa), (c. 905-925 CE)
Yasho-Varman (Yaśovarman), (c. 925-950 CE)
Dhanga-Deva (Dhaṅgadeva), (c. 950-999 CE)
Ganda-Deva (Gaṇḍadeva), (c. 999-1002 CE)
Vidyadhara (Vidyādhara), (c. 1003-1035 CE)
Vijaya-Pala (Vijayapāla), (c. 1035-1050 CE)
Deva-Varman, (c. 1050-1060 CE)
Kirtti-Varman (Kīrtivarman), (c. 1060-1100 CE)
Sallakshana-Varman (Sallakṣaṇavarman), (c. 1100-1110 CE)
Jaya-Varman, (c. 1110-1120 CE)
Prithvi-Varman (Pṛthvīvarman), (c. 1120-1128 CE)
Madana-Varman, (c. 1128-1165 CE)
Yasho-Varman II (c. 1164-65 CE); did not rule or ruled for a very short time
Paramardi-Deva, (c. 1165-1203 CE)
Trailokya-Varman, (c. 1203-1245 CE)
Vira-Varman (Vīravarman), (c. 1245-1285 CE)
Bhoja-Varman, (c. 1285-1288 CE)
Hammira-Varman (Hammīravarman), (c. 1288-1311 CE)
Vira-Varman II (c. 1311–1315 CE) (an obscure ruler with low titles, attested by only one 1315 CE inscription)^[94]

Seuna (Yadava) dynasty of Devagiri (c. 850–1334 CE)

Dridhaprahara
Seunachandra (850–874)
Dhadiyappa (874–900)
Bhillama I (900–925)
Vadugi (Vaddiga) (950–974)
Dhadiyappa II (974–975)
Bhillama II (975–1005)
Vesugi I (1005–1020)
Bhillama III (1020–1055)
Vesugi II (1055–1068)
Bhillama III (1068)
Seunachandra II (1068–1085)
Airamadeva (1085–1115)
Singhana I (1115–1145)
Mallugi I (1145–1150)
Amaragangeyya (1150–1160)
Govindaraja (1160)
Amara Mallugi II (1160–1165)
Kaliya Ballala (1165–1173)
Bhillama V (1173–1192), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukya
Jaitugi I (1192–1200)
Singhana II (1200–1247)
Kannara (1247–1261)
Mahadeva (1261–1271)
Amana (1271)
Ramachandra (1271–1312)
Singhana III (1312–1313)
Harapaladeva (1313–1318)
Mallugi III (1318–1334)

Paramara dynasty of Malwa (c. 8th century to 1305 CE)

According to historial ‘Kailash Chand Jain’, “Knowledge of the early Paramara rulers from Upendra to Vairisimha is scanty; there are no records, and they are known only from later sources.”^[95] The Paramara rulers mentioned in the various inscriptions and literary sources include:

Upendra Krishnraja (late 8th to early 9th century CE)
Vairisimha (I) (early 9th century CE)
Siyaka (I) (mid of 9th century CE)
Vakpati (I) (late 9th or early 10th century CE)
Vairisimha (II) (middle 10th century CE)
Siyaka (II) (940–972 CE)
Vakpati (II) alias Munja (972–990 CE)
Sindhuraja (990–1010 CE)
Bhoja (1010–1055 CE), greatest ruler of dynasty and also wrote Samarangana-Sutradhara^[96]
Jayasimha I (1055–1070 CE)
Udayaditya (1070–1086 CE)
Lakshmadeva (1086–1094 CE)
Naravarman (1094–1130 CE)
Yashovarman (1133–1142 CE)
Jayavarman I (1142–1143 CE)
Interregnum from (1143 to 1175 CE) under an usurper named ‘Ballala’ and later the Solanki king Kumarapala
Vindhyavarman (1175–1194 CE)
Subhatavarman (1194–1209 CE)
Arjunavarman I (1210–1215 CE)
Devapala (1218–1239 CE)
Jaitugideva (1239–1255 CE)
Jayavarman II (1255–1274 CE)
Arjunavarman II (1274–1285 CE)
Bhoja II (1285–1301 CE)
Mahalakadeva (1301–1305 CE), (after his death dynasty was ended in Malwa region)

Pala dynasty (Kamarupa) (900–1100 CE)

Brahma Pala (900–920), founder of dynasty
Ratna Pala (920–960)
Indra Pala (960–990)
Go Pala, also Gopalavarman (990–1015)
Harsha Pala (1015–1035)
Dharma Pala (1035–1060)
Jaya Pala (1075–1100), last ruler of dynasty

Paramara dynasty of Chandravati (Abu) (910–1220 CE)

Utpala-raja or Utpalarāja (910–930 )
Arnno-raja, or Aranya-raja (930–950)
Krishna-raja or Kṛṣṇarāja (950–979 )
Dhara-varaha or Dharani-varaha (970–990)
Dhurbhata or Dhūrbhaṭa (990–1000)
Mahi-pala or Mahīpāla (1000–1020), son of Dharavaraha
Dhandhuka or Dhaṃdhuka (1020–1040 )
Punya-pala or Purna-pala (1040–1050 )
Danti-varmman or Daṃtivarmman (1050–1060), son of Dhandhuka
Krishna-deva or Krishna-raja II (1060–1090), son of Dhandhuka
Kakkala-deva or Kakala-deva (1090–1115)
Vikrama-simha or Vikramāsiṃha (1115–1145)
Yasho-dhavala or Yaśodhavala (1145–1160), great-grandson of Dantivarman through Yogaraja and Ramadeva
Rana-simha or Raṇāsiṃha, (son of Vikramasimha; possibly a regent for Dharavarsha)
Dhara-varsha or Dhāravarṣa (1160–1220), son of Yashodhavala

Kingdom of Ladakh (c. 930–1842 CE)

Maryul dynasty of Ngari (c. 930–1460 CE)

Known Maryul rulers were:

Lhachen Palgyigon (c. 930 CE)
Lhachen Utpala (c. 1110 CE)

Namgyal dynasty (Gyalpo of Ladakh) (c. 1460–1842 CE)

The kings of the Namgyal dynasty along with their periods of reign are as follows:^[97][98][99]

Lhachen Bhagan (c. 1460–1485)
Unknown (c. 1485–1510)
Lata Jughdan (c. 1510–1535)
Kunga Namgyal I (c. 1535–1555)
Tashi Namgyal (‘BKra‐śis‐rnam‐rgyal, c. 1555-1575) son^[100]
Tsewang Namgyal I (Ts’e-dbaṅ‐rnam‐rgyal, c. 1575–1595) nephew^[101]
Namgyal Gonpo (rNam-rgyal-mgon-po, c. 1595–1600) brother
Jamyang Namgyal (Jams-dbyang-rnam-rgyal, c. 1595–1616) brother^[102]
Sengge Namgyal (Seng-ge-rnam-rgyal, first time, 1616–1623) son^[103]
Norbu Namgyal (1623–1624) brother
Sengge Namgyal (second time, 1624–1642)
Deldan Namgyal (Bde-ldan-rnam-rgyal, 1642–1694) son
Delek Namgyal (Bde-legs-rnam-rgyal, c. 1680–1691) son
Nyima Namgyal (Ñi-ma-rnam-rgyal, 1694–1729) son
Deskyong Namgyal (Bde‐skyoṅ‐rnam‐rgyal, 1729–1739) son
Phuntsog Namgyal (P’un‐ts’ogs‐rnam‐rgyal, 1739–1753) son
Tsewang Namgyal II (Ts’e‐dbaṅ-rnam‐rgyal, 1753–1782) son
Tseten Namgyal (Ts’e‐brtan‐rnam‐rgyal, 1782–1802) son
Tsepal Dondup Namgyal (Ts’e‐dpal‐don‐grub‐rnam‐rgyal, 1802–1837, 1839–1840) brother
Kunga Namgyal II (Kun‐dga’‐rnam‐rgyal, 1840–1842) grandson

Later Ladakh was conquered by Sikh Empire in 1842 CE.'”

Solanki dynasty (Chalukyas of Gujarat) (c. 940–1244 CE)

The Chalukya rulers of Gujarat, with approximate dates of reign, are as follows:^[104][105]

Mularaja (c. 940 – c. 995)
Chamundaraja (c. 996 – c. 1008)
Vallabharaja (c. 1008)
Durlabharaja (c. 1008 – c. 1022)
Bhima I (c. 1022 – c. 1064)
Karna (c. 1064 – c. 1092)
Jayasimha Siddharaja (c. 1092 – c. 1142)
Kumarapala (c. 1142 – c. 1171)
Ajayapala (c. 1171 – c. 1175)
Mularaja II (c. 1175 – c. 1178)
Bhima II (c. 1178 – c. 1240)
Tribhuvanapala (c. 1240 – c. 1244)

Kachchhapaghata dynasty (c. 950–1150 CE)

Simhapaniya (Sihoniya) and Gopadri (Gwalior) branch

Lakshmana (r. c. 950–975), first ruler of dynasty
Vajradaman (r. c. 975–1000)
Mangalaraja (r. c. 1000–1015)
Kirtiraja (r. c. 1015–1035)
Muladeva (r. c. 1035–1055)
Devapala (r. c. 1055–1085)
Padmapala (r. c. 1085–1090)
Mahipala (r. c. 1090–1105)
Ratnapala (r. c. 1105–1130)
Ajayapala (r. c. 1192–1194)
Sulakshanapala (r. c. 1196)

Dubkund (Dobha) branch

Yuvaraja (r. c. 1000)
Arjuna (r. c. 1015–1035)
Abhimanyu (r. c. 1035–1045)
Vijayapala (r. c. 1045–1070)
Vikramasimha (r. c. 1070–1100)

Nalapura (Narwar) branch

Gaganasimha (r. c. 1075–1090)
Sharadasimha (r. c. 1090–1105)
Virasimha (r. c. 1105–1125)
Tejaskarana (r. c. 1125–1150), last ruler of dynasty^[106][107]

Kachwaha dynasty (c. 966–1949 CE)

Kachwahas King Sorha Dev and Dulha Rao defeated Meena of Dhundhar kingdom & established Kachwaha dynasty, which ruled for more than 1000 years & still ruling in Jaipur district of Rajasthan.^[108][109]

Rulers

27 Dec 966 – 15 Dec 1006 ‘Sorha Dev’ (d. 1006)
15 Dec 1006 – 28 Nov 1036 ‘Dulha Rao’ (d. 1036)
28 Nov 1036 – 20 Apr 1039 ‘Kakil’ (d. 1039)
21 Apr 1039 – 28 Oct 1053 ‘Hanu’ (d. 1053)
28 Oct 1053 – 21 Mar 1070 ‘Janddeo’ (d. 1070)
22 Mar 1070 – 20 May 1094 ‘Pajjun Rai’ (d. 1094)
20 May 1094 – 15 Feb 1146 ‘Malayasi’ (d. 1146)
15 Feb 1146 – 25 Jul 1179 ‘Vijaldeo’ (d. 1179)
25 Jul 1179 – 16 Dec 1216 ‘Rajdeo’ (d. 1216)
16 Dec 1216 – 18 Oct 1276 ‘Kilhan’ (d. 1276)
18 Oct 1276 – 23 Jan 1317 ‘Kuntal’ (d. 1317)
23 Jan 1317 – 6 Nov 1366 ‘Jonsi’ (d. 1366)
6 Nov 1366 – 11 Feb 1388 ‘Udaikarn’ (d. 1388)
11 Feb 1388 – 16 Aug 1428 ‘Narsingh’ (d. 1428)
16 Aug 1428 – 20 Sep 1439 ‘Banbir’ (d. 1439)
20 Sep 1439 – 10 Dec 1467 ‘Udharn’ (d. 1467)
10 Dec 1467 – 17 Jan 1503 ‘Chandrasen’ (d. 1503)
17 Jan 1503 – 4 Nov 1527 ‘Prithviraj Singh I’ (d. 1527)
4 Nov 1527 – 19 Jan 1534 ‘Puranmal’ (d. 1534)
19 Jan 1534 – 22 Jul 1537 ‘Bhim Singh’ (d. 1537)
22 Jul 1537 – 15 May 1548 ‘Ratan Singh’ (d. 1548)
15 May 1548 – 1 June 1548 ‘Askaran’ (d. 1599)
1 June 1548 – 27 Jan 1574 ‘Bharmal’ (d. 1574)
27 Jan 1574 – 4 Dec 1589 ‘Bhagwant Das’ (b. 1527 – d. 1589)
4 Dec 1589 – 6 Jul 1614 ‘Man Singh’ (b. 1550 – d. 1614)
6 Jul 1614 – 13 Dec 1621 ‘Bhau Singh’ (d. 1621)
13 Dec 1621 – 28 Aug 1667 ‘Jai Singh I‘ (b. 1611 – d. 1667)
10 Sep 1667 – 30 Apr 1688: ‘Ram Singh I’ (b. 1640 – d. 1688)
30 Apr 1688 – 19 Dec 1699: ‘Bishan Singh’ (b. 1672 – d. 1699)
19 Dec 1699 – 21 Sep 1743: ‘Jai Singh II’ (b. 1688 – d. 1743)
1743 – 12 Dec 1750: ‘Ishwari Singh’ (b. 1721 – d. 1750)
1750 – 5 Mar 1768: ‘Madho Singh I’ (b. 1728 – d. 1768)
1768 – 13 Apr 1778: ‘Prithvi Singh II’ (b. c. 1762 – d. 1778)
1778 – 1803: ‘Pratap Singh’ (b. 1764 – d. 1803)
1803 – 21 Nov 1818: ‘Jagat Singh II’ (b. … – d. 1818)
22 Dec 1818 – 25 Apr 1819: ‘Mohan Singh’ (regent) (b. 1809 – d. …)
25 Apr 1819 – 6 Feb 1835: ‘Jai Singh III’ (b. 1819 – d. 1835)
Feb 1835 – 18 Sep 1880: ‘Ram Singh II’ (b. 1835 – d. 1880)
18 Sep 1880 – 7 Sep 1922: ‘Madho Singh II’ (b. 1861 – d. 1922)
7 Sep 1922 – 15 Aug 1947 (subsidiary): ‘Sawai Man Singh II’ (b. 1912 – d. 1970)
15 Aug 1947 – 7 Apr 1949 (independent): ‘Sawai Man Singh II’ (b. 1912 – d. 1970)

He was the last ruler of Kachawa dynasty, he annexed Jaipur State with Union of India in 1949 CE.^{[110][111][112][113][114]}

Titular rulers

7 Apr 1949 – 24 Jun 1970: ‘Sawai Man Singh II’
24 Jun 1970 – 28 Dec 1971: ‘Sawai Bhawani Singh’ (b. 1931 – d. 2011)

Titles were abolished in 1971 according to the 26th amendment to the Indian Constitution.

28 Dec 1971 – 17 Apr 2011: ‘Sawai Bhawani Singh’ (b. 1931 – d. 2011)
17 Apr 2011 – present: ‘Padmanabh Singh’ (b. 1998)

Kalachuri dynasty of Ratnapura (c. 1000–1225 CE)

The following is a list of the Ratnapura Kalachuri rulers, with estimated period of their reigns:^[115]

Kalinga-raja (1000–1020 CE), founder of dynasty
Kamala-raja (1020–1045 CE)
Ratna-raja (1045–1065 CE), alias Ratna-deva I
Prithvi-deva I (1065–1090 CE), alias Prithvisha
Jajalla-deva I (1090–1120 CE) (declared independence)
Ratna-Deva II (1120–1135 CE)
Prithvi-deva II (1135–1165 CE)
Jajalla-deva II (1165–1168 CE)
Jagad-deva (1168–1178 CE)
Ratna-deva III (1178–1200 CE)
Pratapa-malla (1200–1225 CE)
Parmardi Dev (governor of Eastern Gangas)

Hoysala Empire (c. 1000–1343 CE)

Nripa Kama (1000–1045)

Hoysala Kings (1026–1343)
Nripa Kama II	(1026–1047)
Vinayaditya	(1047–1098)
Ereyanga	(1098–1102)
Veera Ballala I	(1102–1108)
Vishnuvardhana	(1108–1152)
Narasimha I	(1152–1173)
Veera Ballala II	(1173–1220)
Vira Narasimha II	(1220–1235)
Vira Someshwara	(1235–1263)
Narasimha III	(1263–1292)
Veera Ballala III	(1292–1343)
Harihara Raya (Vijayanagara Empire)	(1342–1355)

Lohara dynasty of Kashmir (c. 1003–1320 CE)

The Lohara dynasty were Hindu rulers of Kashmir from the Khasa tribe,^[116][117] in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, between 1003 and approximately 1320 CE. The dynasty was founded by the Samgramaraja, the grandson of Khasha chief Simharaja and the nephew of the Utpala dynasty Queen Didda.

First Lohara dynasty

Ruler	Reign^[12]	Ascension year	Notes
Sangramaraja (Samgramaraja / Kshamapati)	25 Years	1003 CE	Nephew of Didda. Ascended the throne after her death, beginning Lohara dynasty’s rule over Kashmir
Hariraja	22 days	1028 CE
Ananta-deva	35 Years	1028 CE	Abdicated the throne in favour of his son, but retained power through his minister Haladhara
Kalasha (Ranaditya II)	26 Years	1063 CE	Rebelled against his parents, leading to the suicide of his father Ananta, followed by sati-suicide by his mother. His son Harsha revolted against him, and was imprisoned.
Utkarsha	22 days	1089 CE	Second son of Kalasha. His half-brother Vijaymalla rebelled against him, and got Harsha released from prison. Utkarsha was imprisoned and committed suicide
Harsha	12 Years	died in 1101 CE	In his early years, he was a sagacious king, and a patron of art and literature. The later years of his reign were marked by unsuccessful military campaigns, resulting in excessive taxation and plundering of temples. Revolts by his generals Uchchala and Sussala (of Lohara family) ended his reign. His son Bhoja was killed, and Harsha himself was killed by Uchchala’s men while hiding in a village.

Second Lohara dynasty

Ruler^[12]	Notes
Uchchala	Made his brother Sussala the ruler of Lohara. Murdered by Radda.
Radda (Shankharaja)	Usurped the throne, claiming to be a descendant of Yashaskara
Salhana	Uchchala’s step-brother; became the king after Radda’s death. The real power lay in the hands of a noble named Gargachandra. Salhana was deposed and imprisoned.
Sussala	Uchchala’s brother; ascended throne with Gargachandra’s support
Bhikshachara	Harsha’s grandson, who had escaped Uchchala’s revolt. Brought up by Naravarman, the king of Malava. Deposed Sussala.
Sussala (2nd reign)	Within 6 months of Bhikshachara’s ascension, Sussala recovered his capital, leading to a civil war
Jayasimha (Sinha-deva)	Sussala’s son. In the early years of his reign, the actual power was held by Sussala. Kalhana’s account closes in the 22nd year of his reign.

Khasa Malla Kingdom (c. 10th to 14th century CE)

The list of Khas Malla kings mentioned by Giuseppe Tucci is in the following succession up to Prithvi Malla:^[118]

List–

Nāgarāja, (first known ruler of dynasty)
Chaap/Cāpa
Chapilla/Cāpilla
Krashichalla
Kradhichalla
Krachalla Deva (1207–1223 CE)
Ashoka Challa (1223–1287)
Jitari Malla
Ananda Malla
Ripu Malla (1312–1313)
Sangrama Malla
Aditya Malla
Kalyana Malla
Pratapa Malla
Punya Malla
Prithvi Malla
Abhaya Malla (14th century), (last ruler of dynasty)

Sena dynasty (c. 1070–1230 CE)

Hemanta Sen (1070–1096), founder of dynasty
Vijay Sen (1096–1159)
Ballal Sen (1159–1179)
Lakshman Sen (1179–1206)
Vishwarup Sen (1206–1225)
Keshab Sen (1225–1230), last ruler

Kakatiya dynasty (1083–1323)

Beta I (1000–1030)
Prola I (1030–1075)
Beta II (1075–1110)
Prola II (1110–1158)
Prataparudra I/Rudradeva I (1158–1195).[First independent ruler of this dynasty]
Mahadeva (1195–1198).[Brother of King Rudradeva]
Ganapati deva (1199–1261)[He changed capital from Hanumakonda to Orugallu(present day warangal)]
Rudrama Devi (1262–1296)[Only woman ruler of this dynasty]
Prataparudra II/ Rudradeva II (1296–1323). [Grandson of Queen Rudrama and last ruler of this dynasty]

Gahadavala dynasty (1089–1197 CE)

List of rulers–

Chandradeva (c. 1089–1103 CE), founder of dynasty
Madanapala (c. 1104–1113 CE)
Govindachandra (c. 1114–1155 CE
Vijayachandra (c. 1155–1169 CE), alias Vijayapala or Malladeva
Jayachandra (c. 1170–1194 CE), called Jaichand in vernacular legends
Harishchandra (c. 1194–1197 CE), last ruler of dynasty^{[119][120][121][122]}

Karnata dynasty of Mithila (1097–1324 CE)

List of rulers–

S.N.	Name of the rulers	Timeline
1	Nanyadeva.^[123]	1097 – 1147 CE^[124]
2	Gangadeva^[123]	1147 – 1187 CE^[124]
3	Narsimhadeva^[123]	1187 – 1227 CE^[124]
4	Ramasimhadeva^[123]	1227 – 1285 CE^[124]
5	Shaktisimhadeva^[123]	1285 – 1295 CE^[124]
6	Harisimhadeva^[123]	1295 – 1324 CE^[124]

Zamorin dynasty of Calicut (1124–1806 CE)

List of rulers–

No. of Zamorin	Name	Reign	Important events
1	Mana Vikrama (Manikkan)	N/A	The legendary founder of the ruling family.
27	8 years	Kozhikode city is established
65	1339–1347	Ibn Battuta at Kozhikode (1342–1347)
73	1402–1410	Ma Huan at Kozhikode (1403)
78	1442–1450	The visits of Abdur Razzak (1442) and Niccolò de’ Conti (1444)
81	Mana Vikrama the Great	1466–1474	Athanasius Nikitin (1468–1474) visits Kozhikode.
82	Mana Veda	1474–1482
84	1495–1500	The arrival of Vasco da Gama (1498)
85	1500–1513	The occupations of Kochi (1503–1504)
86	1513–1522	Treaty with Portuguese (1513), and the erection of the Portuguese fort at Calicut (1514)
87	1522–1529	The expulsion of Portuguese from Calicut
88	1529–1531	The building of Portuguese fort at Chaliyam (1531)
89	1531–1540	Battles with the Portuguese
90	1540–1548	Treaty with Portuguese (1540)
91	1548–1560	Adoption of the chief of Bardela (150) and the battles with the Portuguese.
92	Viraraya	1560–1562
93	Mana Vikrama	1572–1574	The expulsion of the Portuguese from Chaliyam (1571)
94	1574–1578	Battles with the Portuguese
95	1578–1588	The Portuguese allowed a factory at Ponnani (1584)
96	1588–1597	The settlement of the Portuguese at Calicut (1591)
97	1597–1599	Battles with Marakkar (1598–1599)
98	1599–1604	Capture of Marakkar’s stronghold (1600)
99	1604–1617	Siege of Cannanore (1604–1617) and treaties with the Dutch (1604 and 1608) and the English (1615)
100	Mana Vikrama	1617–1627
101	1627–1630
102	1630–1637
103	Mana Vikrama (Saktan Tampuran)	1637–1648	The uncle of the author of the Krishnanatakam
104	Tiruvonam Tirunal	1648–1655
105	Mana Veda	1655–1658	The author of the Krishnanatakam
106	Asvati Tirunal	1658–1662	The expulsion of the Portuguese from Kodungallur (1662)
107	Puratam Tirunal	16621666	The expulsion of Portuguese from Kochi (1663)
108	1666–1668	Battles with the Dutch
109	1668–1671	The destruction of the Cheraman Sword
110	Uttrattati Tirunal	1671–1684	Cession of Chetwai to the Dutch
111	Bharani Tirunal Mana Vikrama^[125]	1684–1705	The terror of the Dutch. Two Mamankams (1694 and 1695)
112	Nileswaram Tirunal	1705–1711	Adoptions from Nileswaram (1706 and 1707)
113	1711–1729	The Dutch War (1715–1718)
114	Mana Vikrama	1729–1741
115	Zamorin from Kilakke Kovilakam	1741–1746
116	Putiya Kovilakam	1746–1758	The Dutch War (1753–1758)
117	Kilakke Kovilakam	1758–1766	Battles with Travancore and the invasion of Mysore, committed suicide. Annexed by Mysore.
118	Putiya Kovilakam	1766–1788
119	Kerala Varma Vikrama (Putiya Kovilakam)	1788–1798	Treaty of Seringapatam (1792)
120	Krishna Varma (Putiya Kovilakam)	1798–1806	Agreement of 1806 with EIC (died in 1816)

^[126]

Kalachuri dynasty of Kalyani (c. 1130–1184 CE)

List of rulers–

Bijjala II (1130–1167), proclaimed independence from Kalyani Chalukyas in 1162 CE
Sovideva (1168–1176)
Mallugi → overthrown by his brother Sankama
Sankama (1176–1180)
Ahavamalla (1180–83)
Singhana (1183–84), last ruler

Jadeja Kingdom of Kutch (c. 1147–1948 CE)

List of rulers–

Cutch was ruled by the Jadeja Rajput dynasty of the Samma tribe^[127] from its formation in 1147 until 1948 when it acceded to newly formed, India. The rulers had migrated from Sindh into Kutch in late 12th century. They were entitled to a 17-gun salute by the British authorities. The title of rulers was earlier Ja’am, which during British Raj changed to Maharao made hereditary from 1 Jan 1918.^[128]

Rulers	Accession
Lakho Jadani	AD 1147
Ratto Rayadhan	AD 1175
Othaji	AD 1215
Rao Gaoji	AD 1255
Rao Vehanji	AD 1285
Rao Mulvaji	AD 1321
Rao Kaiyaji	AD 1386
Rao Amarji	AD 1406
Rao Bhhemji	AD 1429
Rao Hamirji	AD 1472
Jam Raval	AD 1524
Khengarji I	AD 1548
Bharmalji I	AD 1585
Bhojrajji	AD 1631
Khengarji II	AD 1645
Tamachi	AD 1654
Rayadhan II	AD 1665
1698–1715	Pragmalji I (b. 16 … – d. 1715)
1715–1719	Godji I (b. 16 … – d. 1718)
1718–1752	Deshalji I (b.1682 – d. 1752)
1741–1752	Lakhpatji (regent) (b. 1717 – d. 1761)
1752–1760	Lakhpatji (b. 1717 – d. 1761)
1760–1778	Godji II (b. 1734 – d. 1778)
1778–1786	Rayadhan III (1st time) (b. 1763 – d. 1813)
1786–1801	Prithvirajji (b. 1774 – d. 1801)
1786 − 5 October 1813	Fateh Muhammad (regent)
5 October 1813 − 30 October 1813	Rayadhan III (2nd time)
30 October 1813 – 6 November 1814	Husain Miyan (regent)
6 November 1814 − 25 March 1819	Bharmalji II (b. 1798 – d. 1846)
25 March 1819 − 26 July 1860	Deshalji II (b. 1814 – d. 1860)
26 July 1860 − 19 December 1875	Pragmalji II (b. 1839 – d. 1875)
19 December 1875 − 15 January 1942	Khengarji III (b. 1866 – d. 1942)
15 January 1942 − 26 February 1948	Vijayaraji (b. 1885 – d. 1948)
26 February 1948 − 1 June 1948	Madansinhji

Bhati kingdom of Jaisalmer (c. 1153–1947 CE)

Rawals

Rawal Jaisal Singh

(1153–1168), founder of kingdom

Rawal Shalivahan Singh II (1168–1200)
Rawal Baijal Singh (1200–1200)
Rawal Kailan Singh (1200–1219)
Rawal Chachak Deo Singh (1219–1241)
Rawal Karan Singh I (1241–1271)
Rawal Lakhan Sen (1271–1275)
Rawal Punpal Singh (1275–1276)
Rawal Jaitsi Singh I (1276–1294)
Rawal Mulraj Singh I (1294–1295)
Rawal Durjan Sal (Duda) (1295–1306)
Rawal Gharsi Singh (1306–1335)
Rawal Kehar Singh II (1335–1402)
Rawal Lachhman Singh (1402–1436)
Rawal Bersi Singh (1436–1448)
Rawal Chachak Deo Singh II (1448–1457)
Rawal Devidas Singh (1457–1497)
Rawal Jaitsi Singh II (1497–1530)
Rawal Karan Singh II (1530–1530)
Rawal Lunkaran Singh (1530–1551)
Rawal Maldev Singh (1551–1562)
Rawal Harraj Singh (1562–1578)
Rawal Bhim Singh (1578–1624)
Rawal Kalyan Singh (1624–1634)
Rawal Manohar Das Singh (1634–1648)
Rawal Ram-Chandra Singh (1648–1651)
Rawal Sabal Singh (1651–1661)

Maharawals

Maharawal Amar Singh of Jaisalmer (1661–1702)
Maharawal Jaswant Singh of Jaisalmer (1702–1708)
Maharawal Budh Singh (1708–1722)
Maharawal Akhi Singh (1722–1762)
Maharawal Mulraj II (1762–1820)
Maharawal Gaj Singh (1820–1846)
Maharawal Ranjit Singh of Jaisalmer (1846–1864)
Maharawal Bairi Sal (1864–1891)
Maharawal Shalivahan Singh III (1891 –1914)
Maharawal Jawahir Singh (1914–1947)

Titular Kings

Girdhar Singh (1949–1950)
Raghunath Singh (1950–1982)
Brijraj Singh (1982–2020)
Chaitanya Raj Singh (2020–Till Present)^[129][130]

Chero dynasty (1174–1813 CE)

Ghughulia (1174 CE), founder of dynasty
Raja Ramchandar Rai
Raja Sita Ram Rai
Raja Salabahim
Raja Phulchand
Raja Maharata Rai
Raja Kumkum Chand Rai
Raja Sambhal Rai
Raja Bhagwant Rai (1585–1605)
Raja Anant Rai (1605–1612)
Raja Shambhal Rai (1612–1627)
Raja Bhupal Rai (1637–1657)
Maharaja Medini Rai (1658–1674)
Raja Pratap Rai
Raja Rudra Rai (1674–1680)
Raja Dikpal Rai (1680–1697)
Raja Saheb Rai (1697–1716)
Raja Ranjit Rai (1716–1722)
Raja Devi Batesh Rai
Raja Jai Kishan Rai (1722–1770)
Raja Chitrajeet Rai (1771–1771)
Raja Gopal Rai (1771–1776)
Raja Gajraj Rai (1777–1780)
Raja Basant Rai (1780–1783)
Raja Churaman Rai (1783–1813), last ruler of dynasty^{[131][35][132]}

Chutia (Sadiya) Kingdom of Assam (1187–1524 CE)

Birpal (1187–1224), founder of dynasty
Ratnadhwajpal (1224–1250)
Vijayadhwajpal (1250–1278)
Vikramadhwajpal (1278–1302)
Gauradhwajpal (1302–1322)
Sankhadhwajpal (1322–1343)
Mayuradhwajpal (1343–1361)
Jayadhwajpal (1361–1383)
Karmadhwajpal (1383–1401)
Satyanarayan (1401–1421)
Laksminarayan (1421–1439)
Dharmanarayan (1439–1458)
Pratyashnarayan (1458–1480)
Purnadhabnarayan (1480–1502)
Dharmadhajpal (1502–1522)
Nitypal (1522–1524), last ruler of dynasty

Bana dynasty ruled over Magadaimandalam (c. 1190–1260)

Kadava dynasty (c. 1216–1279)

Kopperunchinga I (c. 1216–1242)
Kopperunchinga II (c. 1243–1279)

Kingdom of Marwar (1226–1950)

Rathore dynasty of Jodhpur

Rulers from Pali & Mandore (1226–1438)

Name	Notes	Reign began	Reign ended
1	Rao Siha	He conquered Pali and became the first rao of the Rathore dynasty in Marwar. He died in the battle of Lakha Jhawar (1273) against Sultan Ghaus ud-din Balban.	1226	1273
2	Rao Asthan	Conquered Kher from the Gohils and Idar from the Bhils. He died in battle against Jalaludin Khilji.	1273	1292
3	Rao Doohad	He conquered more than 140 villages. He was killed in battle against the Parihars.	1292	1309
4	Rao Raipal	He avenged his father by killing the ruler of the Parihars. During a famine in Marwar he distributed his own personal grains to the people.	1309	1313
5	Rao Kanhapal	He suffered raids from the Turko-Afgan tribes and was killed in action defending his lands.	1313	1323
6	Rao Jalansi	He defeated the Sodhas. He took the turban of the Sodha chief to mark his supremacy in the region.	1323	1328
7	Rao Chado	1328	1344
8	Rao Tida	He was killed in battle against the sultan of Delhi.	1344	1357
9	Rao Kanha Dev	1357	1374
10	Rao Viram Dev	He died in battle against the Johiyas.	1374	1383
11	Rao Chandra	He conquered Mandore from the Turks in 1406. He further conquered the areas of Nagaur, Sambhar, Khatu, Nadol and Ajmer. He was killed in battle against Salim Shah of Multhan.	1383	1424
12	Rao Kanha	Fought battles with his brothers. Died young in Mandore.	1424	1427
13	Rao Ranmal	He consolidated his rule with the help of the Sisodiyas of Mewar. He was later assassinated on the orders of Rana Kumbha.	1427	1438

Rulers from Jodhpur (1459–1950)

Name	Notes	Reign began	Reign ended
1	Rao Jodha	Fought Rana Kumbha and reclaimed his lands. He later founded the city of Jodhpur and made it his capital. He subjugated the states of Jalore and Bundi and annexed Ajmer, Sambhar and Mohilavati.	12 May 1438	6 April 1489
2	Rao Satal	Died from wounds after saving 140 women from Afghan raiders.	6 April 1489	March 1492
3	Rao Suja	March 1492	2 October 1515
4	Rao Biram Singh	Son of Bagha	2 October 1515	8 November 1515
5	Rao Ganga	Assisted Rana Sanga in his campaigns against the Sultans of India.	8 November 1515	9 May 1532
6	Rao Maldeo	Successfully repelled the invasions of Sher Shah Suri. Called as one of the most potent rulers of Hindustan by Ferishta.	9 May 1532	7 November 1562
7	Rao Chandra Sen	He defended his kingdom for nearly two decades against relentless attacks from the Mughal Empire.	7 November 1562	1581
8	Raja Udai Singh Mota Raja	He was the father in law of Jahangir and got married his daughter Mani Bai married to him, later on who became parents of Shah Jahan^[133]	4 August 1583	11 July 1595
9	Sawai Raja Suraj-Mal	11 July 1595	7 September 1619
10	Maharaja Gaj Singh I	The first to take the title Maharaja by himself	7 September 1619	6 May 1638
11	Maharaja Jaswant Singh	He fought Aurangzeb in the Battle of Dharmatpur.	6 May 1638	28 December 1678
12	Maharaja Ajit Singh	Became Maharaja of Marwar after 25 years of war with Aurangzeb. Durgadas Rathore played a key role in the war.	19 February 1679	24 June 1724
13	Raja Indra Singh	Installed in opposition to Maharaja Ajit Singh by Emperor Aurangzeb but unpopular with people of Marwar	9 June 1679	4 August 1679
14	Maharaja Abhai Singh	Defeated Sarbuland Khan and occupied all of Gujarat for a short time.	24 June 1724	18 June 1749
15	Maharaja Ram Singh	First reign	18 June 1749	July 1751
16	Maharaja Bakht Singh	He was the general of the Marwari forces against Sarbuland Khan and defeated him. In the Battle of Gangwana he defeated a combined army of Mughals and Kachwahas.	July 1751	21 September 1752
17	Maharaja Vijay Singh	First reign	21 September 1752	31 January 1753
18	Maharaja Ram Singh	Second reign	31 January 1753	September 1772
19	Maharaja Vijay Singh	Second reign – Was defeated by Mahadji Scindia and forced to surrender the fort and city of Ajmer.	September 1772	17 July 1793
20	Maharaja Bhim Singh	17 July 1793	19 October 1803
21	Maharaja Man Singh	Entered into treaty relations with the British on 6 January 1818.	19 October 1803	4 September 1843
22	Maharaja Sir Takht Singh	Not in the direct line, but a great-great-great grandson of Ajit Singh. Formerly Regent of Ahmednagar.	4 September 1843	13 February 1873
23	Maharaja Sir Jaswant Singh II	Kaisar-i-Hind	13 February 1873	11 October 1895
24	Maharaja Sir Sardar Singh	Colonel in the British Indian Army	11 October 1895	20 March 1911
25	Maharaja Sir Sumair Singh	Colonel in the British Indian Army	20 March 1911	3 October 1918
26	Maharaja Sir Umaid Singh	Lieutenant-General in the British Indian Army	3 October 1918	9 June 1947
27	Maharaja Sir Hanwant Singh	Ruler of Marwar (Jodhpur) until accession to the Union of India in 1949; died on 26 January 1952	9 June 1947	7 April 1949
28	(titular) Maharaja Gaj Singh II of Jodhpur	Became head of the House on 26 January 1952	26 January 1952	Present

^[134]

Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526 CE)

Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290 CE)

Qutb-ud-din Aibak (1206–1210)
Aram Shah (1210–1211)
Shams-ud-din Iltutmish (1211–1236)
Rukn-ud-din Firuz (1236)
Raziyyat ud din Sultana (1236–1240)
Muiz-ud-din Bahram (1240–1242)
Ala-ud-din Masud (1242–1246)
Nasir-ud-din Mahmud (1246–1266)
Ghiyas-ud-din Balban (1266–1286)
Muiz-ud-din Qaiqabad (1286–1290)

Khalji dynasty (1290–1320 CE)

Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji (1290–1296)
Alauddin Khilji (1296–1316)
Shihabuddin Omar Khan Khilji (1316)
Qutb ud din Mubarak Shah Khilji (1316–1320)
Khusro Khan khilji (1320)

Tughlaq dynasty (1321–1414 CE)

Ghiyas ud din Tughluq (1321–1325)
Muhammad Shah Tughuluq I (1325–1351)
Firuz Shah Tughluq (1351–1388)
Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq II (1388–1389)
Abu Bakr Shah (1389–1390)
Muhammad Shah Tughluq III (1390–1394)
Ala ud-din Sikandar Shah Tughluq (1394)
Muhammad Shah Tughuluq IV (1394–1413)

After the invasion of Timur in 1398, the governor of Multan, Khizr Khan abolished the Tughluq dynasty in 1414.

Jaunpur Sultanate (1394–1479 CE)

Malik Sarwar Shah (1394–1399)
Mubarak Shah (1399–1402)
Ibrahim Shah (1402–1440)
Mahmud Shah (1440–1457)
Muhammad Shah (1457–1458)
Hussain Shah (1458–1479)

Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451 CE)

Khizr Khan (1414–1421)
Mubarak Shah (1421–1434)
Muhammad Shah (1434–1445)
Alam Shah (1445–1451)

Lodi dynasty (1451–1526 CE)

Bahlol Khan Lodi (1451–1489)
Sikandar Lodi (1489–1517)
Ibrahim Lodi (1517–1526), defeated by Babur (who replaced the Delhi Sultanate with the Mughal Empire)

Ahom dynasty of Assam (1228–1826 CE)

Sukaphaa (1228–1268), founder of dynasty
Suteuphaa (1268–1281)
Subinphaa (1281–1293)
Sukhaangphaa (1293–1332)
Sukhrampha (1332–1364)
Interregnum (1364–1369)
Sutuphaa (1369–1376)
Interregnum (1376–1380)
Tyao Khamti (1380–1389)
Interregnum (1389–1397)
Sudangphaa (1397–1407)
Sujangphaa (1407–1422)
Suphakphaa (1422–1439)
Susenphaa (1439–1488)
Suhenphaa (1488–1493)
Supimphaa (1493–1497)
Swarganarayan (1497–1539)
Suklenmung (1539–1552)
Sukhaamphaa (1552–1603)
Pratap Singha (1603–1641)
Jayaditya Singha (1641–1644)
Sutingphaa (1644–1648)
Jayadhwaj Singha (1648–1663)
Chakradhwaj Singha (1663–1670)
Udayaaditya Singha (1670–1672)
Ramadhwaj Singha (1672–1674)
Suhunga (1674–1675)
Gobar (1675–1675)
Sujinphaa (1675–1677)
Sudoiphaa (1677–1679)
Ratnadhwaj Singha (1679–1681)
Gadadhar Singha (1681–1696)
Rudra Singha (1696–1714)
Siba Singha (1714–1744)
Pramatta Singha (1744–1751)
Rajeswar Singha (1751–1769)
Lakshmi Singha (1769–1780)
Gaurinath Singha (1780–1795)
Kamaleswar Singha (1795–1811)
Chandrakanta Singha (1811–1818)
Purandar Singha (1818–1819)
Chandrakanta Singha (1819–1821)
Jogeshwar Singha (1821–1822)
Purandar Singha (1833–1838), last ruler of dynasty

Vaghela dynasty (1244–1304 CE)

The sovereign Vaghela rulers include:

Visala-deva (1244–1262), founder of the dynasty
Arjuna-deva (1262–1275), son of Pratapamalla
Rama (1275), son of Arjunadeva
Saranga-deva (1275–1296), son of Arjunadeva
Karna-deva (1296–1304), son of Rama; also called Karna II to distinguish him from Karna Chaulukya.

Jaffna (Aryacakravarti) dynasty (1277–1619 CE)

List of rulers–

Kulasekara Cinkaiariyan(1277–1284), founder of dynasty
Kulotunga Cinkaiariyan (1284–1292)
Vickrama Cinkaiariyan (1292–1302)
Varodaya Cinkaiariyan (1302–1325)
Martanda Cinkaiariyan (1325–1348)
Gunabhooshana Cinkaiariyan (1348–1371)
Virodaya Cinkaiariyan (1371–1380)
Jeyaveera Cinkaiariyan (1380–1410)
Gunaveera Cinkaiariyan (1410–1440)
Kanakasooriya Cinkaiariyan (1440–1450 & 1467–1478)
Singai Pararasasegaram (1478–1519)
Cankili I (1519–1561)
Puviraja Pandaram (1561–1565 & 1582–1591)
Kasi Nayinar Pararacacekaran (1565–1570)
Periyapillai (1565–1582)
Ethirimana Cinkam (1591–1617)
Cankili II Cekaracacekaran (1617–1619), last ruler of dynasty^[135]

Kingdom of Tripura (1280–1949 CE)

Manikya dynasty

List of rulers–

Ratna Manikya (1280 CE)
Pratap Manikya (1350 CE)
Mukul Manikya (1400 CE)

Kingdom of Tripura

Part of History of Tripura

Kings of Tripura
Maha Manikya	c. 1400–1431
Dharma Manikya I	1431–1462
Ratna Manikya I	1462–1487
Pratap Manikya	1487
Vijaya Manikya I	1488
Mukut Manikya	1489
Dhanya Manikya	1490–1515
Dhwaja Manikya	1515–1520
Deva Manikya	1520–1530
Indra Manikya I	1530–1532
Vijaya Manikya II	1532–1563
Ananta Manikya	1563–1567
Udai Manikya I	1567–1573
Joy Manikya I	1573–1577
Amar Manikya	1577–1585
Rajdhar Manikya I	1586–1600
Ishwar Manikya	1600
Yashodhar Manikya	1600–1623
Interregnum	1623–1626
Kalyan Manikya	1626–1660
Govinda Manikya	1660–1661
Chhatra Manikya	1661–1667
Govinda Manikya	1661–1673
Rama Manikya	1673–1685
Ratna Manikya II	1685–1693
Narendra Manikya	1693–1695
Ratna Manikya II	1695–1712
Mahendra Manikya	1712–1714
Dharma Manikya II	1714–1725
Jagat Manikya	1725–1729
Dharma Manikya II	1729
Mukunda Manikya	1729–1739
Joy Manikya II	c. 1739–1744
Indra Manikya II	c. 1744–1746
Udai Manikya II	c. 1744
Joy Manikya II	1746
Vijaya Manikya III	1746–1748
Lakshman Manikya	1740s/1750s
Interregnum	1750s–1760
Krishna Manikya	1760–1783
Rajdhar Manikya II	1785–1806
Rama Ganga Manikya	1806–1809
Durga Manikya	1809–1813
Rama Ganga Manikya	1813–1826
Kashi Chandra Manikya	1826–1829
Krishna Kishore Manikya	1829–1849
Ishan Chandra Manikya	1849–1862
Bir Chandra Manikya	1862–1896
Birendra Kishore Manikya	1909–1923
Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya	1923–1947
Kirit Bikram Kishore Manikya	1947–1949 1949–1978 (titular)
Kirit Pradyot Manikya	1978–present (titular)

Tripura monarchy data

Manikya dynasty (Royal family)

Agartala (Capital of the kingdom)

Ujjayanta Palace (Royal residence)

Neermahal (Royal residence)

Rajmala (Royal chronicle)

Tripura Buranji (Chronicle)

Chaturdasa Devata (Family deities)

On 9 September 1949, “Tripura Merger Agreement”, was signed and come in effect from 15 October 1949 & Tripura became part of Indian Union.^[136]

Nayaka Kingdoms (c. 1325–1815 CE)

Musunuri Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1325–1368 CE)

There were two Musunuri Nayak:

Musunuri Prolaya Nayudu (1323–1333)
Musunuri Kapaya Nayak (1333–1368)

Recherla Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1368–1435 CE)

Known rulers are:

Anapota Nayaka

Gandikota Kingdom (Pemmasani Nayaks) (c. 1441–1685 CE)

This is the list of Pemmasani Kings:

Pemmasani Kumara Veera Timma Nayaka (1441–1462)
Pemmasani Chenna vibhudu (1462–1505)
Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayaka (1505–1540)
Pemmasani Bangaru Timma Nayaka (1540–1565)
Pemmasani Narasimha Nayaka (1565–1598)
Pemmasani Timma Nayaka (1598–1623)
Pemmasani Chinna Timma Nayaka (1623–1652)
Pemmasani Veera Kumara Timma Nayaka (1652–1685)

Keladi Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1499–1763 CE)

Chauda Gowda, (1499–1530)
Sadashiva Nayaka (1530–1566)
Sankanna Nayaka (1566–1570)
Chikka Sankanna Nayaka (1570–1580)
Rama Raja Nayaka (1580–1586)
Hiriya Venkatappa Nayaka (1586–1629)
Virabhadra Nayaka (1629–1645)
Shivappa Nayaka (1645–1660)
Chikka Venkatappa Nayaka (1660–1662)
Bhadrappa Nayaka (1662–1664)
Somashekara Nayaka I (1664–1672)
Keladi Chennamma (1672–1697)
Basavappa Nayaka (1697–1714)
Somashekara Nayaka II (1714–1739)
Kiriya Basavappa Nayaka (1739–1754)
Chenna Basappa Nayaka (1754–1757)
Queen Virammaji (1757–1763)

Gingee (Senji) Nayak Kingdom (c. 1509–1649 CE)

Some of the Nayakas in the Gingee line were:

Krishnappa Nayaka (1509–1521)
Chennappa Nayaka
Gangama Nayaka
Venkata Krishnappa Nayaka
Venkata Rama Bhupaala Nayaka
Thriyambamka Krishnappa Nayaka
Varadappa Nayaka
Ramalinga Nayani vaaru
Venkata Perumal Naidu
Periya Ramabhadra Naidu
Ramakrishnappa Naidu (- 1649)

Srinivasachari takes chronicles mentioned in copper plate grants into account and mentions the following Nayakas in the Gingee line, noting governorship of Gingee began in Saka era 1386 / CE 1464:

1490 – Vaiyappa Nayak
1490–1520 – Tubaki Krishnappa Nayaka (originally Bala / Vala Krishnappa who became Tubbaki / Dubakki / Dubala Krishnappa in local legends).
1520–1540 – Achyuta Vijaya Ramachandra Nayak
1540–1550 – Muthialu Nayak
1570–1600 – Venkatappa Nayak
1600–1620 – Varadappa Nayak
Appa Nayak – up to Muslim conquest.

Madurai Nayak dynasty (c. 1529–1736 CE)

Viswanatha Nayak (1529–1563)
Kumara Krishnappa Nayak (1563–1573)
Joint Rulers Group I (1573–1595)
Joint Rulers Group II (1595–1602)
Muttu Krishnappa Nayak (1602–1609)
Muttu Virappa Nayak (1609–1623)
Tirumala Nayak (1623–1659)
Muthu Alakadri Nayak (1659–1662)
Chokkanatha Nayak (1662–1682)
Rangakrishna Muthu Virappa Nayaka (1682–1689)
Rani Mangammal (1689–1704)
Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha Nayak (1704–1731)
Queen Meenakshi (1731–1736)

Thanjavur Nayak kingdom (c. 1532–1673 CE)

Chevvappa Nayak a.k.a. Sevappa Nayak (1532–1580)
Achuthappa Nayak (1560–1614)
Raghunatha Nayak (1600–1634)
Vijaya Raghava Nayak (1634–1673)

Vellore Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1540–1601 CE)

The list of nayaks are unclear. Some of the Nayaks are:

Chinna Bommi Reddy
Thimma Reddy Nayak
Lingama Nayak

Chitradurga Nayaka Kingdom (c. 1588–1779 CE)

Timmanna Nayaka (1568–1589)
Obanna Nayaka I (1588–1602)
Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka I (1602–1652)
Madakari Nayaka II (1652–1674)
Obanna Nayaka II (1674–1675)
Shoora Kantha Nayaka (1675–1676)
Chikkanna Nayaka (1676–1686)
Madakari Nayaka III (1686–1688)
Donne Rangappa Nayaka (1688–1689)
Bharamanna Nayaka of Bilichodu (1689–1721)
Madakari Nayaka IV (1721–1748)
Kasturi Rangappa Nayaka II (1748–1758),
Madakari Nayaka (1758–1779)

Kandy Nayak Kingdom (c. 1739–1815 CE)

Sri Vijaya Rajasinha (1739–1747)
Kirti Sri Rajasinha (1747–1782)
Sri Rajadhi Raja Singha (1782–1798)
Sri Vikrama Rajasinha (1798–1815)^[137][138]

Other Nayaka kingdoms

Nayakas of Shorapur
Nayakas of Kalahasti
Nayakas of Harappanahalli
Nayakas of Gummanayakana Palya
Nayakas of Kuppam
Nayakas of Rayalaseema
Nayakas of Jarimale
Nayakas of Gudekote
Nayakas of Nayakanahatti^[139][140]

Reddy Kingdom (1325–1448 CE)

List of rulers–

Prolaya Vema Reddy (1325–1335), founder of dynasty
Anavota Reddy (1335–1364)
Anavema Reddy (1364–1386)
Kumaragiri Reddy (1386–1402)
Kataya Vema Reddy (1395–1414)
Allada Reddy (1414–1423)
Veerabhadra Reddy (1423–1448), last ruler of dynasty

Oiniwar (Sugauna) dynasty of Mithila (1325–1526 CE)

List of rulers–

According to historian Makhan Jha, the rulers of the Oiniwar dynasty are as follows:^[141]

Nath Thakur, founder of dynasty in 1325 CE
Atirupa Thakur
Vishwarupa Thakur
Govinda Thakur
Lakshman Thakur
Kameshwar Thakur
Bhogishwar Thakur, ruled for over 33 years
Ganeshwar Singh, reigned from 1355; killed by his cousins in 1371 after a long-running internecine dispute
Kirti Singh
Bhava Singh Deva
Deva Simha Singh
Shiva Simha Singh (or Shivasimha Rūpanārāyana), took power in 1402, missing in battle in 1406^[142][143]
Lakshima Devi, chief wife of Shiva Simha Singh, ruled as regent for 12 years. She committed sati after many years of waiting for her husband’s return.^[142]
Padma Simha Singh, took power in 1418 and died in 1431^[142]
Viswavasa Devi, wife of Padma Singh, died in 1443
Hara Singh Deva, younger brother of Deva Singh
Nara Singh Deva, died in 1460
Dhir Singh Deva
Bhairva Singh Deva, died in 1515, brother of Dhir Singh Deva
Rambhadra Deva
Laxminath Singh Deva, last ruler died in 1526 CE

Vijayanagara Empire (1336–1646 CE)

In Vijayanagara Empire four dynasties ruled for 310 years on whole South India.^[144]

List of rulers–

Vijayanagara Empire

Sangama dynasty
Harihara I	1336–1356
Bukka Raya I	1356–1377
Harihara Raya II	1377–1404
Virupaksha Raya	1404–1405
Bukka Raya II	1405–1406
Deva Raya I	1406–1422
Ramachandra Raya	1422
Vira Vijaya Bukka Raya	1422–1424
Deva Raya II	1424–1446
Mallikarjuna Raya	1446–1465
Virupaksha Raya II	1465–1485
Praudha Raya	1485
Saluva dynasty
Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya	1485–1491
Thimma Bhupala	1491
Narasimha Raya II	1491–1505
Tuluva dynasty
Tuluva Narasa Nayaka	1491–1503
Vira Narasimha Raya	1503–1509
Krishna Deva Raya	1509–1529
Achyuta Deva Raya	1529–1542
Venkata I	1542
Sadasiva Raya	1542–1570
Aravidu dynasty
Aliya Rama Raya	1542–1565
Tirumala Deva Raya	1565–1572
Sriranga I	1572–1586
Venkata II	1586–1614
Sriranga II	1614
Rama Deva Raya	1617–1632
Venkata III	1632–1642
Sriranga III	1642–1646

Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1527 CE)

Ala-ud-Din Bahman Mohamed bin Laden Shah (1347–1358)
Muhammad Shah I (1358–1375)
Ala ud din Mujahid Shah (1375–1378)
Daud Shah I (1378)
Muhammad Shah II (1378–1397)
Ghiyas ud din Tahmatan Shah (1397)
Shams ud din Daud Shah II (1397)
Taj ud-Din Firuz Shah (1397–1422)
Ahmad Shah I Wali (1422–1435), established his capital at Bidar
Ala ud din Ahmad Shah II (1436–1458)
Ala ud din Humayun Shah (1458–1461)
Nizam-Ud-Din Ahmad III (1461–1463)
Muhammad Shah III Lashkari (1463–1482)
Mahmood Shah Bahmani II(1482–1518)
Ahmad Shah IV (1518–1521)
Ala ud din Shah (1521–1522)
Waliullah Shah (1522–1524)
Kalimullah Shah (1524–1527)

Malwa Sultanate (1392–1562 CE)

Ghoris (1390–1436 CE)

Dilavar Khan Husain (1390–1405)
Alp Khan Hushang (1405–1435)
Ghazni Khan Muhammad (1435–1436)
Masud Khan (1436)

Khaljis (1436–1535 CE)

Mahmud Shah I (1436–1469)
Ghiyath Shah (1469–1500)
Nasr Shah (1500–1511)
Mahmud Shah II (1511–1530)

Patna Kingdom (1360–1948 CE)

The rulers of Patna state of the Chauhan clan:^[145]

Ramai Deva (1360–1380), founder of dynasty
Mahalinga Deva (1380–1385)
Vatsaraja Deva (1385–1410)
Vaijala Deva I (1410–1430)
Bhojaraj Deva (1430–1455)
Pratap Rudra Deva I (1455–1480)
Bhupal Deva I (1480–1500)
Vikramaditya Deva I (1500–1520)
Vaijal Deva II (1520–1540)
Bajra Hiradhara Deva (1540–1570)
Narsingh Deva (1570–1577)
Hamir Deva (1577–1581)
Pratap Deva II (1581–1620)
Vikramaditya Deva II (1620–1640)
Mukunda Deva (1640–1670)
Balaram Deva (1670–1678)
Hrdesha Deva (1678–1685)
Rai Singh Deva (1685–1762)
Prithviraj Deva (1762–1765)
Ramchandra Singh Deo I (1765–1820)
Bhupal Singh Deo (1820–1848)
Hiravajra Singh Deo (1848–1866)
Pratap Singh Deo (1866–25 November 1878)
Ramchandra Singh Deo II (25 November 1878 – 1895)
Lal Dalganjan Singh Deo (1895–1910)
Prithviraj Singh (1910–1924)
Rajendra Narayan Singh Deo (1924–1 January 1948), last official ruler of dynasty & merge kingdom in India in 1948 CE.^[146]

Baro-Bhuyan kingdoms (1365–1632 CE)

List of Kingdoms and their rulers as–

Baro-Bhuyan of Assam (1365–1440 CE)

Sasanka (Arimatta) (1365–1385 CE)
Gajanka (1385–1400 CE)
Sukranka (1400–1415 CE)
Mriganka (1415–1440 CE)

Baro-Bhuyan of Bengal (1576–1632 CE)

Isa Khan
Musa Khan (Bengal Ruler)
Masum Khan

Tomara dynasty of Gwalior (1375–1523 CE)

The Tomara rulers of Gwalior include the following.^[147][148]

Name in dynasty’s inscriptions (IAST)	Reign	Names in Muslim chronicles and vernacular literature
Vīrasiṃha-deva	1375–1400 CE or (c. 1394–1400 CE)	Virsingh Dev, Bir Singh Tomar, Bar Singh (in Yahya’s writings), Har Singh (in Badauni’s writings), Nar Singh (in Firishta’s and Nizamuddin’s writings).^[149]
Uddharaṇa-deva	1400–1402 CE	Uddharan Dev, Usaran or Adharan (in Khadagrai’s writings)^[150]
Virāma-deva	1402–1423 CE	Viram Dev, Biram Deo (in Yahya’s writings), Baram Deo (in Firishta’s writings)
Gaṇapati-deva	1423–1425 CE	Ganpati Dev
Dungarendra-deva alias Dungara-siṃha	1425–1459 CE	Dungar Singh, Dungar Sen
Kirtisiṃha-deva	1459–1480 CE	Kirti Singh Tomar
Kalyāṇamalla	1480–1486 CE	Kalyanmal, Kalyan Singh
Māna-siṃha	1486–1516 CE	Mana Sahi, Man Singh
Vikramāditya	1516–1523 CE	Vikram Sahi, Vikramjit

Kingdom of Mysore (1399–1950 CE)

Wadiyar dynasty (first rule, 1399–1761 CE)

List of rulers–

Yaduraya Wodeyar or Raja Vijaya Raj Wodeyar (1399–1423 CE)
Hiriya Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar I (1423–1459 CE)
Thimmaraja Wodeyar I (1459–1478 CE)
Hiriya Chamaraja Wodeyar II (1478–1513 CE)
Hiriya bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar III (1513–1553 CE)
Thimmaraja Wodeyar II (1553–1572 CE)
Bola Chamaraja Wodeyar IV (1572–1576 CE)
Bettada Devaraja Wodeyar (1576–1578 CE)
Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617 CE)
Chamaraja Wodeyar V (1617–1637 CE)
Raja Wodeyar II (1637–1638 CE)
Ranadhira Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar I (1638–1659 CE)
Dodda Devaraja Wodeyar (1659–1673 CE)
Chikka Devaraja Wodeyar (1673–1704 CE)
Kantheerava Narasaraja Wodeyar II (1704–1714 CE)
Dodda Krishnaraja Wodeyar I (1714–1732 CE)
Chamaraja Wodeyar VI (1732–1734 CE)
Immadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar II (1734–1766 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali from 1761 CE
Nanajaraja Wodeyar (1766–1772 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali
Bettada Chamaraja Wodeyar VII (1772–1776 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali
Khasa Chamaraja Wodeyar VIII (1776–1796 CE), ruled under Hyder Ali until 1782 CE, then under Tipu Sultan until his deposition in 1796 CE.

The reign of the Kings of Mysore (Wodeyar line) was interrupted from 1761 to 1799 CE.

Hyder Ali’s dynasty of Mysore (1761–1799 CE)

Hyder Ali (1761–1782 CE)
Tipu Sultan (1782–1799 CE), son of Hyder Ali.

Wodeyar dynasty (second rule, 1799–1950 CE)

Mummudi Krishnaraja Wodeyar III (1799–1868 CE)
Chamaraja Wodeyar IX (1868–1894 CE)
H.H. Vani Vilas Sannidhana, queen of Chamaraja Wodeyar IX served as regent from (1894 to 1902 CE)
Nalvadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV (1894–1940 CE)
Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Bahadur (1940–1950 CE)

Gajapati Empire of Orissa (1434–1541 CE)

List of rulers–

Kapilendra Deva (1434–1467 CE), founder of dynasty
Purushottama Deva (1467–1497 CE)
Prataparudra Deva (1497–1540 CE)
Kalua Deva (1540–1541 CE)
Kakharua Deva (1541 CE), last ruler of dynasty

Rathore dynasty of Bikaner (1465–1947 CE)

List of rulers–

Name	Reign Began (in CE)	Reign Ended (in CE)
1	Rao Bika	1465	1504
2	Rao Narayan Singh	1504	1505
3	Rao Luna Karana Lon-Karan	1505	1526
4	Rao Jait Singh Jetasi	1526	1542
5	Rao Kalyan Mal – Acknowledged the suzerainty of Emperor Akbar at Nagaur in November 1570	1542	1574
6	Rao Rai Singh I Rai Rai Singh – Important General in the Mughal army Similar to Raja Man Singh I of Amber	1574	1612
7	Rai Dalpat Singh Dalip	1612	1613
8	Rai Surat Singh Bhuratiya	1613	1631
9	Rao Karan Singh Jangalpat Badhshah – Deposed by Emperor Aurangzeb for dereliction of duty at Attock, 11 January 1667. Exiled to his betel gardens at Karanpura in the Deccan	1631	1667
10	Maharaja Rao Anup Singh – To be the first to be granted the title “Maharaja” by Emperor Aurangzeb. Served in the Deccan campaign at Salher in 1672, Bijapur in 1675, and the siege of Golconda in 1687. He was administrator of Aurangabad from 1677 to 1678, ‘Hakim’ of Adoni in 1678, Imtiazgarh and Adoni from 1689 to 1693, and of Nusratabad and Sukkar from 1693 to 1698 CE	1669	1698
11	Maharaja Rao Sarup Singh – He died from smallpox at Adoni in the Deccan on 15 December 1700	1698	1700
12	Maharaja Rao Sujan Singh – Ordered to attend Emperor Aurangzeb in the Deccan, where he remained for ten years. Faced invasions from Maharaja Abhai Singh of Jodhpur and Maharaja Bakht Singh of Nagaur, but successfully repulsed both	1700	1735
13	Maharaja Rao Zorawar Singh	1735	1746
14	Maharaja Rao Gaj Singh – the first of his line granted permission to mint his own coinage by Emperor Alamgir II	1746	1787
15	Maharaja Rao Rai Singh II Raj Singh	1787	1787
16	Maharaja Rao Pratap Singh – Reigned under the Regency of his uncle Surat Singh who poisoned him to assume the throne	1787	1787
17	Maharaja Rao Surat Singh – He incurred huge debts due to his military adventures which had reduced his state to near anarchy. Entered the protection of the East India Company with a subsidiary alliance on 9 March 1818	1787	1828
18	Narendra Maharaja Rao Ratan Singh – Received the hereditary title of Narendra Maharaja from Emperor Akbar Shah II and assisted the British by furnishing them with supplies during the First Afghan War of 1841	1828	1851
19	Narendra Maharaja Rao Sardar Singh – Assisted the British during the Indian Uprising of 1857 and served in person during many of the battles. Removed the name of the Mughal Emperor from his coinage, replacing the words with Aurang Arya Hind wa Queen Victoria.	1851	1872
20	Narendra Maharaja Rao Dungar Singh – Assisted the British during the Second Afghan War.	1872	1887
21	General Narendra Maharaja Sir Rao Ganga Singh – Member of Parliament (Lok Sabha) for Bikaner, 1952–1977. On 28 December 1971, India amended its Constitution to remove the position of the rulers of princely states and their right to receive privy-purse payments, thus making him the last ruler of Bikaner. Imperial Conferences and at the League of Nations.	1887	1943
22	Lieutenant-General Narendra Maharaja Sir Rao Sadul Singh – Signed the Instrument of Accession to the Dominion of India on 7 August 1947. Merged his state into the present state of Rajasthan, India on 30 March 1949.	1943	1947
23	Rao Karni Singh	1947	1971

Shahi dynasties (1490–1686 CE)

Dynasties are as follow–

Barid Shahi dynasty (1490–1619 CE)

Qasim Barid I 1490–1504
Amir Barid I 1504–1542
Ali Barid Shah I 1542–1580
Ibrahim Barid Shah 1580–1587
Qasim Barid Shah II 1587–1591
Ali Barid Shah II 1591
Amir Barid Shah II 1591–1601
Mirza Ali Barid Shah III 1601–1609
Amir Barid Shah III 1609–1619

Imad Shahi dynasty (1490–1572 CE)

Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk (1490–1504)
Aladdin Imad Shah (1504–1530)
Darya Imad Shah (1530–1562)
Burhan Imad Shah (1562–1574)
Tufal Khan 1574

Adil Shahi dynasty (1490–1686 CE)

Yusuf Adil Shah (1490–1511)
Ismail Adil Shah (1511–1534)
Mallu Adil Shah (1534)
Ibrahim Adil Shah I (1534–1558)
Ali Adil Shah I (1558–1579)
Ibrahim Adil Shah II (1580–1627)
Mohammed Adil Shah, Sultan of Bijapur (1627–1657)
Ali Adil Shah II (1657–1672)
Sikandar Adil Shah (1672–1686)

Nizam Shahi dynasty (1490–1636 CE)

Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah I 1490–1510
Burhan Nizam Shah I 1510–1553
Hussain Nizam Shah I 1553–1565
Murtaza Nizam Shah I 1565–1588
Hussain Nizam Shah II 1588–1589
Ismail Nizam Shah 1589–1591
Burhan Nizam Shah II 1591–1595
Ibrahim Nizam Shah 1595–1596
Malik Ahmad Nizam Shah II 1596
Bahadur Nizam Shah 1596–1600
Murtaza Nizam Shah II 1600–1610
Burhan Nizam Shah III 1610–1631
Hussain Nizam Shah III 1631–1633
Murtaza Nizam Shah III 1633–1636

Qutb Shahi dynasty (1518–1686 CE)

Sultan Quli Qutbl Mulk (1518–1543)
Jamsheed Quli Qutb Shah (1543–1550)
Subhan Quli Qutb Shah (1550)
Ibrahim Quli Qutub Shah (1550–1580)
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (1580–1612)
Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah (1612–1626)
Abdullah Qutb Shah (1626–1672)
Abul Hasan Qutb Shah (1672–1686)

Gatti Mudalis of Taramangalam (15th–17th century CE)

List of known rulers–

Vanagamudi Gatti
Immudi Gatti
Gatti Mudali

Kingdom of Cochin (c. 1503–1948 CE)

Veerakerala Varma, nephew of Cheraman Perumal Nayanar, is supposed to have been the first king of Cochin around the 7th century. But the records we have start in 1503.^{[citation needed]}

Unniraman Koyikal I (?–1503)
Unniraman Koyikal II (1503–1537)
Veera Kerala Varma (1537–1565)
Keshava Rama Varma (1565–1601)
Veera Kerala Varma (1601–1615)
Ravi Varma I (1615–1624)
Veera Kerala Varma (1624–1637)
Godavarma (1637–1645)
Veerarayira Varma (1645–1646)
Veera Kerala Varma (1646–1650)
Rama Varma I (1650–1656)
Rani Gangadharalakshmi (1656–1658)
Rama Varma II (1658–1662)
Goda Varma (1662–1663)
Veera Kerala Varma (1663–1687)
Rama Varma III (1687–1693)
Ravi Varma II (1693–1697)
Rama Varma IV (1697–1701)
Rama Varma V (1701–1721)
Ravi Varma III (1721–1731)
Rama Varma VI (1731–1746)
Veera Kerala Varma I (1746–1749)
Rama Varma VII (1749–1760)
Veera Kerala Varma II (1760–1775)
Rama Varma VIII (1775–1790)
Shaktan Thampuran (Rama Varma IX) (1790–1805)
Rama Varma X (1805–1809), Vellarapalli-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in “Vellarapali”)
Veera Kerala Varma III (1809–1828), Karkidaka Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in “karkidaka” month (Kollam Era))
Rama Varma XI (1828–1837), Thulam-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in “Thulam” month (ME))
Rama Varma XII (1837–1844), Edava-Maasathil Theepett1a Thampuran (King who died in “Edavam” month (ME))
Rama Varma XIII (1844–1851), Thrishur-il Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in “Thrishivaperoor” or Thrishur)
Veera Kerala Varma IV (1851–1853), Kashi-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in “Kashi” or Varanasi)
Ravi Varma IV (1853–1864), Makara Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in “Makaram” month (ME))
Rama Varma XIV (1864–1888), Mithuna Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in “Mithunam” month (ME))
Kerala Varma V (1888–1895), Chingam Maasathil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in “Chingam” month (ME))
Rama Varma XV (1895–1914), a.k.a. Rajarshi, abdicated (d. in 1932)
Rama Varma XVI (1915–1932), Madrasil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in Madras or Chennai)
Rama Varma XVII (1932–1941), Dhaarmika Chakravarthi (King of Dharma), Chowara-yil Theepetta Thampuran (King who died in “Chowara”)
Kerala Varma VI (1941–1943), Midukkan (syn: Smart, expert, great) Thampuran
Ravi Varma V (1943–1946), Kunjappan Thampuran (Brother of Midukkan Thampuran)
Kerala Varma VII (1946–1948), Ikya-Keralam (Unified Kerala) Thampuran
Rama Varma XVIII (1948–1964), Pareekshit Thampuran

Koch dynasty (c. 1515–1949 CE)

Rulers of undivided Koch kingdom (c. 1515–1586)

Biswa Singha (1515–1540)
Nara Narayan (1540–1586)

Rulers of Koch Bihar (c. 1586–1949)

Lakshmi Narayan
Bir Narayan
Pran Narayan
Basudev Narayan
Mahindra Narayan
Roop Narayan
Upendra Narayan
Devendra Narayan
Dhairjendra Narayan
Rajendra Narayan
Dharendra Narayan
Harendra Narayan
Shivendra Narayan
Narendra Narayan
Nripendra Narayan^[151]
Rajendra Narayan II
Jitendra Narayan (father of Gayatri Devi)
Jagaddipendra Narayan (ruled till 1949)

Rulers of Koch Hajo (c. 1581–1616 CE)

Raghudev (son of Chilarai, nephew of Nara Narayan)
Parikshit Narayan

Rulers of Darrang

Balinarayan (brother of Parikshit Narayan)
Mahendra Narayan
Chandra Narayan
Surya Narayan

Rulers of Beltola

Gaj Narayan Dev (brother of Parikshit Narayan, ruler of Koch Hajo, brother of Balinarayan, first Koch ruler of Darrang).
Shivendra Narayan Dev (Son of Gaj Narayan)
Gandharva Narayan Dev (Son of Shivendra Narayan)
Uttam Narayan Dev (Son of Gandharva Narayan Dev)
Dhwaja Narayan Dev (Son of Uttam Narayan Dev)
Jay Narayan Dev (Son of Dhwaja Narayan Dev)
Lambodar Narayan Dev (Son of Jay Narayan Dev)
Lokpal Narayan Dev (Son of Lambodar Narayan Dev)
Amrit Narayan Dev (Son of Lokpal Narayan Dev)
Chandra Narayan Dev (Son of Lokpal Narayan Dev) (died 1910 CE)
Rajendra Narayan Dev (Son of Chandra Narayan Dev) (died 1937 CE)
Lakshmipriya Devi (wife of Rajendra Narayan Dev) (reign:1937–1947 CE died: 1991 CE)

Rulers of Bijni

The Bijni rulers reigned between the Sankosh and the Manas rivers, the region immediately to the east of Koch Bihar.

Chandra Narayan (son of Parikshit Narayan)
Joy Narayan
Shiv Narayan
Bijoy Narayan
Mukunda Narayan
Haridev Narayan
Balit Narayan
Indra Narayan
Amrit Narayan
Kumud Narayan
Jogendra Narayan
Bhairabendra Narayan

Rulers of Khaspur

The rulers of the Koch kingdom at Khaspur were:^[152]

Kamal Narayan (Gohain Kamal, son of Biswa Singha, governor of Khaspur)
Udita Narayan (declared independence of Khaspur in 1590)
Vijay Narayana
Dhir Narayana
Mahendra Narayana
Ranjit
Nara Singha
Bhim Singha (his only issue, daughter Kanchani, married a prince of Kachari kingdom, and Khaspur merged with the Kachari kingdom)

Khandwala (Raj Darbhanga) dynasty of Mithila (1526–1947 CE)

List of rulers–

Raja Mahesh Thakur (Approx. 1526–1557)
Raja Gopal Thakur (Approx. 1557–1600)
Raja Parmanand Thakur (Approx. 1600–1607)
Raja Purushottam Thakur (ruled 1607–1623)
Raja Narayan Thakur (ruled 1623–1642).
Raja Sundar Thakur (ruled 1642–1662)
Raja Mahinath Thakur (ruled 1662–1684)
Raja Nirpat Thakur (ruled 1684–1700)
Raja Raghu Singh (ruled 1700–1736)
Raja Bishnu Singh (ruled 1736–1740)
Raja Narendra Singh (ruled 1740–1760)
Raja Pratap Singh (ruled 1760–1776)
Raja Madho Singh (ruled 1776–1808)
Maharaja Chhatra Singh Bahadur (ruled 1808–1839)
Maharaja Rudra Singh Bahadur (ruled 1839–1850)
Maharaja Maheshwar Singh Bahadur (ruled 1850–1860)
Maharaja Lakshmeshwar Singh Bahadur (ruled 1860–1898)
Maharaja Rameshwar Singh Bahadur (ruled 1898–1929)
Maharaja Kameshwar Singh Bahadur (ruled 1929–1947), last ruler of dynasty^[153]

Mughal Empire (1526–1857 CE)

Babur (1526–1530), founder of the dynasty
Humayun (1530–1540)
Akbar (1556–1605)
Jahangir (1605–1627)
Shah Jahan (1627–1657)
Aurangzeb (1658–1707)
Muhammad Azam Shah (1707)
Bahadur Shah I (1707–1712)
Jahandar Shah (1712–1713)
Farrukh Siyar (1713–1719)
Rafi ud Darajat (1719)
Rafi ud Daulah (1719)
Nikusiyar (1719)
Muhammad Shah (first rule, 1719–1720)
Muhammad Ibrahim (1720)
Muhammad Shah (restored) (1720–1748)
Ahmad Shah Bahadur (1748–1754)
Alamgir II (1754–1759)
Shah Jahan III (1760)
Shah Alam II (1759–1806)
Akbar Shah II (1806–1837)
Bahadur Shah Zafar II (1837–1857), last of Mughals

Sur Empire (1540–1555 CE)

Sher Shah (1540–1545), seized the Mughal Empire after defeating the second Mughal Emperor Humayun
Islam Shah Suri (1545–1554)
Firuz Shah Suri (1554)
Muhammad Adil Shah (1554–1555)
Ibrahim Shah Suri (1555)
Sikandar Shah Suri (1554–1555)
Adil Shah Suri (1555–1556), last ruler of dynasty

Bhoi dynasty (1541–1947 CE)

Gajapati of Odisha

Govinda Vidyadhara (1541–1548), founder of dynasty
Chakrapratapa (1548–1557)
Narasimha Ray Jena (1557–1558)^[154]
Raghuram Ray Chotaraya (1558–1560)^[155]

Khurda Kingdom

Ramachandra Deva I (Abhinav Indradyumna) (1568–1600)
Purusottam Deva (1600–1621)
Narasingha Deva (1621–1647)
Balabhadra Deva (1647–1657)
Mukunda Deva I (1657–1689)
Divyasingha Deva I (1689–1716)
Harekrushna Deva (1716–1720)
Gopinath Deva (1720–1727)
Ramachandra Deva II (1727–1736)
Birakesari Deva I (Bhagirathi Deva) (1736–1793)
Divyasingha Deva II (1793–1798)
Mukundeva Deva II (1798–1804)

Dhenkanal State

List of rulers of the Dhenkanal princely state of the Bhoi dynasty branch:^[156]

Harisingh Vidyadhara (1530 -1594)
Loknath Ray Singh Bharamarbar (1594 – 1615)
Balabhadra Ray Singh (1615 – 1641)
Nilakantha Ray Singh (1641 – 1682)
Nrusingh Bhramarbar (1682 – 1708)
Kunja Behari Bhramarbar (1708 – 1728)
Braja Behari Bhramarbar (1728 – 1741)
Damodar Bhramarbar (1741 – 1743)
Trilochna Dev Mahendra Bahadur (1743 – 1785)
Ramchandra Mahendra Bahadur (1796 – 1807)
Krishna Chandra Mahendra Bahadur (1807 – 1822)
Shyam Chandra Mahendra Bahadur (1822 – 1830)
Bhagiratha Mahendra Bahadur (1830 – 1873)
Pitambar Deo (1873 – 1877)
Dinabandhu Mahendra Bahadur (1877 – 1885)
Surya Pratap Mahendra Bahadur (1885 – 1918)
Shankar Pratap Singh Dev Mahendra (1918 – 1948)

Titular

Shankar Pratap Singh Dev Mahendra (1948 – 1965)
Kamakhya Prasad Singh Deo (born 3rd August 1965)

Puri Estate

Mukundeva Deva II (1804–1817) (exiled and continues as Raja of Puri)
Ramchandra Deva III (1817–1854)
Birakesari Deva II (1854–1859)
Divyasingha Deva III (1859–1882)
Mukundeva Deva III (1882–1926)
Ramchandra Deva IV (1926–1947), last official ruler of dynasty^[157]

Titular rulers

Ramchandra Deva IV (1947–1956)
Birakisore Deva III (1956–1970)
Divyasingha Deva IV (1970–current, Current Raja of Puri and Titular Gajapati)

Chogyal Kingdom of Sikkim (1642–1975 CE)

Phuntsog Namgyal (1642–1670): Ascended the throne and was consecrated as the first Chogyal of Sikkim. Made the capital in Yuksom.
Tensung Namgyal (1670–1700): Shifted capital to Rabdentse from Yuksom.
Chakdor Namgyal (1700–1717): His half-sister Pendiongmu tried to dethrone Chakdor, who fled to Lhasa, but was reinstated as king with the help of Tibetans.
Gyurmed Namgyal (1717–1733): Sikkim was attacked by Nepalis.
Phuntsog Namgyal II (1733–1780): Nepalis raided Rabdentse, the then capital of Sikkim.
Tenzing Namgyal (1780–1793): Chogyal fled to Tibet, and later died there in exile.
Tsugphud Namgyal (1793–1863): The longest-reigning Chogyal of Sikkim. Shifted the capital from Rabdentse to Tumlong. Treaty of Titalia in 1817 between Sikkim and British India was signed in which territories lost to Nepal were appropriated to Sikkim. Darjeeling was gifted to British India in 1835. Two Britons, Dr. Arthur Campbell and Dr. Joseph Dalton Hooker were captured by the Sikkimese in 1849. Hostilities between British India and Sikkim continued and led to a treaty signed, in which Darjeeling was ceded to the British Raj.
Sidkeong Namgyal (1863–1874)
Thutob Namgyal (1874–1914): John Claude White appointed as the first political officer in Sikkim in 1889. Capital shifted from Tumlong to Gangtok in 1894.
Sidkeong Tulku Namgyal (1914): The shortest-reigning Chogyal of Sikkim, ruled from 10 February to 5 December 1914. Died of heart failure, aged 35, in most suspicious circumstances.
Tashi Namgyal (1914–1963): Treaty between India and Sikkim was signed in 1950, giving India suzerainty over Sikkim.
Palden Thondup Namgyal (1963–1975): The last Chogyal of Sikkim.

Maratha Empire (1674–1947 CE)

Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj era

Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaja (born on 19 February 1630, crowned on 6 June 1674; and died on 3 April 1680)
Sambhaji Maharaja (1680–1689), elder son of Shivaji
Rajaram Chhatrapati (1689–1700), younger son of Shivaji
Tarabai, regent (1700–1707), widow of Chhatrapati Rajaram
Shivaji II (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14); first of the Kolhapur Chhatrapatis

The Empire was divided between two branches of the family (c. 1707–1710); and the division was formalized in 1731.

Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Kolhapur (1700–1947 CE)

Shivaji II (b. 1696, ruled 1700–14)
Sambhaji II of Kolhapur (b. 1698, r. 1714–60)
Rajmata Jijibai of Kolhapur|Rajmata Jijibai, regent (1760–73), senior widow of Sambhaji II
Rajmata Durgabai of Kolhapur|Rajmata Durgabai, regent (1773–79), junior widow of Sambhaji II
Shahu Shivaji II of Kolhapur (r. 1762–1813); adopted by Jijibai, his predecessor’s senior widow
Sambhaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1801, r. 1813–21)
Shivaji III of Kolhapur (b. 1816, r. 1821–22) (council of regency)
Shahaji I of Kolhapur (b. 1802, r. 1822–38)
Shivaji IV of Kolhapur (b. 1830, r. 1838–66)
Rajaram I of Kolhapur (r. 1866–70)
Council of regency (1870–94)
Shivaji V of Kolhapur (b. 1863, r. 1871–83); adopted by his predecessor’s widow
Rajarshi Shahu IV of Kolhapur (b. 1874, r. 1884–1922); adopted by his predecessor’s widow
Rajaram II of Kolhapur (b. 1897 r. 1922–40)
Indumati Tarabai of Kolhapur, regent (1940–47), widow of Rajaram II
Shivaji VI of Kolhapur (b. 1941, r. 1941–46); adopted by his predecessor’s widow
Shahaji II of Kolhapur (b. 1910, r. 1947, d. 1983); formerly Maharaja of Dewas Senior; adopted by Indumati Tarabai, widow of Rajaram II

The state acceded unto the Dominion of India following the independence of India in 1947.

Bhosale Chhatrapatis at Satara (1707–1950 CE)

Shahu I (1708–1749). Son of Sambhaji I.
Ramaraja (1749–1777). Grandson of Rajaram and Tarabai; adopted son of Shahu I.
Shahu II of Satara (1777–1808). Son of Ramaraja.
Pratapsinh (1808–1839)
Shahaji III (1839–1848)
Pratapsinh I (adopted)
Rajaram III
Pratapsinh II
Raja Shahu III (1918–1950)

The Peshwas (1713–1858 CE)

Technically they were not monarchs, but hereditary prime ministers, though in fact they ruled instead of the Chhatrapati (Maratha emperor) after death of Chattrapati Shahu, and were hegemon of the Maratha confederation.

Balaji Vishwanath (1713–2 April 1720) (b. 1660, died 2 April 1720)
Peshwa Bajirao I (17 April 1720 – 28 April 1740) (b. 18 August 1700, died 28 April 1740)
Balaji Bajirao (4 July 1740 – 23 June 1761) (b. 8 December 1721, d. 23 June 1761)
Madhavrao Ballal (1761–18 November 1772) (b. 16 February 1745, d. 18 November 1772)
Narayanrao Bajirao (13 Dec 1772 – 30 August 1773) (b. 10 August 1755, d. 30 August 1773)
Raghunath Rao Bajirao (5 Dec 1773–1774) (b. 18 August 1734, d. 11 December 1783)
Sawai Madhavrao (1774–27 October 1795) (b. 18 April 1774, d. 27 October 1795)
Baji Rao II (6 Dec 1796 – 3 June 1818) (d. 28 January 1851)
Nana Sahib (1 July 1857 – 1858) (b. 19 May 1825, d. 24 September 1859)

Gaekwad dynasty of Baroda (1721–1947 CE)

Pilaji Rao Gaekwad (1721–1732)
Damaji Rao Gaekwad (1732–1768)
Govind Rao Gaekwad (1768–1771)
Sayaji Rao Gaekwad I (1771–1789)
Manaji Rao Gaekwad (1789–1793)
Govind Rao Gaekwad (restored) (1793–1800)
Anand Rao Gaekwad (1800–1818)
Sayaji Rao Gaekwad II (1818–1847)
Ganpat Rao Gaekwad (1847–1856)
Khande Rao Gaekwad (1856–1870)
Malhar Rao Gaekwad (1870–1875)
Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III (1875–1939)
Pratap Singh Gaekwad (1939–1951)

Scindia of Gwalior (1731–1947 CE)

Ranojirao Scindia (1731–19 July 1745)
Jayapparao Scindia (1745–25 July 1755)
Jankojirao I Scindia (25 July 1755 – 15 January 1761). Born 1745
Meharban Dattaji Rao Scindia, Regent (1755–10 January 1760). Died 1760
Vacant 15 January 1761 – 25 November 1763
Kedarjirao Scindia (25 November 1763 – 10 July 1764)
Manajirao Scindia Phakade (10 July 1764 – 18 January 1768)
Mahadaji Scindia (18 January 1768 – 12 February 1794). Born c. 1730, died 1794
Daulatrao Scindia (12 February 1794 – 21 March 1827). Born 1779, died 1827
Jankoji Rao Scindia II (18 June 1827 – 7 February 1843). Born 1805, died 1843
Jayajirao Scindia (7 February 1843 – 20 June 1886). Born 1835, died 1886
Madho Rao Scindia (20 June 1886 – 5 June 1925). Born 1876, died 1925
George Jivajirao Scindia (Maharaja 5 June 1925 – 15 August 1947, Rajpramukh 28 May 1948 – 31 October 1956, later Rajpramukh). Born 1916, died 1961

Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India.

Madhavrao Scindia (6 February 1949; died 2001)
Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia (born 1 January 1971)

Holkar rulers of Indore (1731–1948 CE)

Malharrao Holkar (I) (r. 2 November 1731 – 19 May 1766)
Malerao Khanderao Holkar (r. 23 August 1766 – 5 April 1767)
Punyaslok Rajmata Ahilyadevi Holkar (r. 5 April 1767 – 13 August 1795)
Tukojirao Holkar (I) (r. 13 August 1795 – 29 January 1797)
Kashirao Tukojirao Holkar (r. 29 January 1797 – 1798)
Yashwantrao Holkar (I) (r. 1798–27 November 1811)
Malharrao Yashwantrao Holkar II (r. November 1811–27 October 1833)
Martandrao Malharrao Holkar (r. 17 January 1834 – 2 February 1834)
Harirao Vitthojirao Holkar (r. 17 April 1834 – 24 October 1843)
Khanderao Harirao Holkar II (r. 13 November 1843 – 17 March 1844)
Tukojirao Gandharebhau Holkar II (r. 27 June 1844 – 17 June 1886)
Shivajirao Tukojirao Holkar (r. 17 June 1886 – 31 January 1903)
Tukojirao Shivajirao Holkar III (r. 31 January 1903 – 26 February 1926)
Yashwantrao Holkar II (r. 26 February 1926 – 1961)

Following the independence of India in 1947, the state acceded unto the Dominion of India. The monarchy was ended in 1948, but the title is still held by Usha Devi Maharaj Sahiba Holkar XV Bahadur, Maharani of Indore since 1961.

Bhosale Maharajas of Nagpur (1738–1854 CE)

Raghoji I (1738–1755)
Janoji (1755–1772)
Sabaji (1772–1775)
Mudhoji I (1775–1788)
Raghoji II (1788–1816)
Parsoji Bhonsle (1800–1850)
Mudhoji II (1816–1818)
Raghoji III (1818–1853)

The kingdom was annexed by the British on 13 March 1854 under the Doctrine of Lapse.^[158]

Thanjavur Maratha kingdom (c. 1674–1855 CE)

The Thanjavur Marathas were the rulers of Thanjavur principality of Tamil Nadu between the 17th and 19th centuries. Their native language was Thanjavur Marathi. Venkoji, Shahaji’s son and Shivaji’s half brother, was the founder of the dynasty.^[159]

List of rulers

Venkoji
Shahuji I of Thanjavur
Serfoji I
Tukkoji
Pratapsingh of Thanjavur
Thuljaji
Serfoji II
Shivaji II of Thanjavur

Sinsinwar Jat Kingdom of Bharatpur (1683–1947 CE)

List of rulers

Sinsinwar Jats of Bharatpur & Deeg (1683–1947)
Raja Ram Sinsinwar	(1683–1688)
Churaman	(1695–1721)
Muhkam Singh	(1721–1722)
Badan Singh	(1722–1755)
Suraj Mal	(1755–1763)
Jawahar Singh	(1764–1768)
Ratan Singh	(1768–1769)
Kehri Singh	(1769–1778)
Ranjit Singh	(1778–1805)
Randhir Singh	(1805–1823)
Baldeo Singh	(1823–1825)
Balwant Singh	(1825–1853)
Jaswant Singh	(1853–1893)
Ram Singh	(1893–1900)
Kishan Singh	(1918–1929)
Brijendra Singh	(1929–1947)
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The Muslim vassals of the Mughal/British Paramountcy (c. 1707–1856 CE)

Nawabs of Bengal (1707–1770 CE)

Murshid Quli Jafar Khan (1707–1727)
Sujauddin Khan (1727–1739)
Sarfraz Khan (1739–1740)
Alivardi Khan (1740–1756)
Siraj Ud Daulah (1756–1757)
Mir Jafar (1757–1760)
Mir Qasim (1760–1763)
Mir Jafar (1763–1765)
Najm ud Daulah (1765–1766)
Saif ud Daulah (1766–1770)

Nawabs of Oudh (1719–1858 CE)

Saadat Ali Khan I (1719–1737)
Safdarjung (1737–1753)
Shuja-ud-Daula (1753–1775)
Asaf-ud-Daula (1775–1797)
Wazir Ali Khan (1797–1798)
Saadat Ali Khan II (1798–1814)
Ghazi-ud-Din Haider (1814–1827)
Nasiruddin Haider (1827–1837)
Muhammad Ali Shah (1837–1842)
Amjad Ali Shah (1842–1847)
Wajid Ali Shah (1847–1856)
Birjis Qadra (1856–1858)

Nizams of Hyderabad (1720–1948 CE)

Mir Qamaruddin Khan, Nizal ul Mulk, Asif Jah I (1720–1748)
Mir Ahmed Ali Khan Nasir Jang Nazam-ud-Dowlah (1748–1750)
Nawab Hidayat Mohuddin Sa’adu’llah Khan Bahadur, Muzaffar Jang (1750–1751)
Nawab Syed Mohammed Khan, Amir ul Mulk, Salabat Jang (1751–1762)
Nawab Mir Nizam Ali Khan Bahadur, Nizam ul Mulk, Asif Jah II (1762–1803)
Nawab Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikandar Jah, Asif Jah III (1803–1829)
Nawab Mir Farkhonda Ali Khan Nasir-ud-Daulah, Asif Jah IV (1829–1857)
Nawab Mir Tahniat Ali Khan Afzal ud Daulah, Asif Jah V (1857–1869)
Nawab Mir Mahboob Ali Khan, Asif Jah VI (1869–1911)
Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII (1911–1948)

Kingdom of Travancore (1729–1949 CE)

List of rulers–

Marthanda Varma (1729–1758 CE), founder of kingdom
Dharma Raja (1758–1798 CE)
Balarama Varma (1798–1810CE)
Gowri Lakshmi Bayi (1810–1815 CE)
Gowri Parvati Bayi (1815–1829 CE)
Swathi Thirunal (1829–1846 CE)
Uthram Thirunal (1846–1860 CE)
Ayilyam Thirunal (1860–1880 CE)
Visakham Thirunal (1880–1885 CE)
Moolam Thirunal (1885–1924 CE)
Sethu Lakshmi Bayi (1924–1931 CE)
Chithira Thirunal (1931–1949 CE)

Sikh Empire (1801–1849 CE)

List of rulers-

Maharaja Ranjit Singh (b. 1780, crowned 12 April 1801; d. 1839 CE), founder of Sikh Empire
Kharak Singh (b. 1801, d. 1840 CE), eldest son of Ranjit Singh
Nau Nihal Singh (b. 1821, d. 1840 CE), grandson of Ranjit Singh
Chand Kaur (b. 1802, d. 1842 CE) was briefly Regent
Sher Singh (b. 1807, d. 1843 CE), son of Ranjit Singh
Duleep Singh (b. 1838, crowned 1843, d. 1893 CE), youngest son of Ranjit Singh

The British Empire annexed the Punjab in 1845–49 CE; after the First and Second Anglo-Sikh Wars

Dogra dynasty of Jammu and Kashmir (1846–1952 CE)

Ruler	Notes
Gulab Singh	1846–1856 CE	Founder of Dogra dynasty and the first Maharaja of the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir, the second largest princely state under the British Raj, which was created after the defeat of the Sikh Empire in the First Anglo-Sikh War. The Treaty of Amritsar (1846) formalised the sale by the British to Gulab Singh for 7,500,000 Nanakshahee Rupees of all the lands in Jammu and Kashmir that were ceded to them by the Sikhs by the Treaty of Lahore.
Ranbir Singh	1856–1885 CE	Ascended the throne in 1856 after Gulab Singh’s abdication due to poor health. He allied with the British during the Sepoy Mutiny. Unlike European women and children, Indian mutineers were not allowed to take refuge in his state. He also sent his troops to help the British to besiege Delhi. He was subsequently rewarded for his behaviour during the mutiny. He went on to annex Gilgit which had previously witnessed a rebellion against the state. He also established a modern judicial system. Civil and criminal laws were compiled into the Ranbir Penal Code during his reign.
Pratap Singh	1885–1925 CE	Reigned for 40 years from 1885 to 1925, the longest of all the Dogra rulers. Out of the four Dogra rulers, Maharaja Pratap Singh’s era was a period of enlightenment for his subjects, particularly for Kashmiris. He established local self governing bodies, democratic processes, educational systems, health care and hygiene and infrastructure development during his reign. A beginning was made in local self-government by establishing municipalities at Jammu, Srinagar, Sopore and Baramulla. By 1925, then Kashmir, particularly Srinagar had undergone significant social and cultural transformation.
Hari Singh	1925–1952 CE	Ascended the throne following the death of his uncle, Maharaja Pratap Singh in 1925. He made primary education compulsory in the state, introduced laws prohibiting child marriage, and opened places of worship to the low castes. He signed the Instrument of Accession of Jammu and Kashmir to the Union of India on 26 October 1947, through which the Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir became a part of the Dominion of India. He remained the titular Maharaja of the state until 1952, when the monarchy was abolished by Government of India under Jawaharlal Nehru.
Karan Singh (Prince Regent)	1949–1952 CE	Appointed as Prince Regent of Jammu and Kashmir in 1949, at age of eighteen and served till the monarchy’s abolition in 1952. He was appointed ‘Sadr-e-Riyasat’ (‘Head of State’) in 1952 and Governor of the State in 1964 CE.

Emperors/Empresses of India (1857–1947 CE)

Queen-Empress Victoria (1876–1901 CE)
King-Emperor Edward VII (1901–1910 CE)
King-Emperor George V (1910–1936 CE)
King-Emperor Edward VIII (1936 CE)
King-Emperor George VI (1936–1947 CE)^{[nb 1]}

Dominion of India (1947–1950 CE)

George VI, King of India (1947–1950 CE) retained the title “Emperor of India” until 22 June 1948.

Dominion of Pakistan (1947–1956 CE)

George VI, King of Pakistan (1947–1952)
Elizabeth II, Queen of Pakistan (1952–1956)

Notes

^ The title “Emperor of India” did not disappear with Indian independence from Great Britain in 1947, but in 1947, as when India became the Dominion of India (1947–1950) after independence in 1947, George VI retained the title “Emperor of India” until 22 June 1948, and thereafter he remained monarch of India until it became the Republic of India in 1950.^[160]

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^ D. C. Ganguly (1957). “Northern India During The Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries”. In R. C. Majumdar (ed.). The Struggle for Empire. The History and Culture of the Indian People. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 91. OCLC 26241249.
^ “Maharana Sanga; the Hindupat, the last great leader of the Rajput race: Sarda, Har Bilas, Diwan Bahadur, 1867–1955 : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming”. Internet Archive. Retrieved 16 August 2020.
^ Wink, André (1996) [First published 1990]. Al-Hind: The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Vol. I (3rd ed.). BRILL. pp. 152–153. ISBN 978-90-04-09249-5.
^ R. B. Singh (1964). History of the Chāhamānas. N. Kishore. pp. 51–70.
^ Ashok Kumar Srivastava (1979). The Chahamanas of Jalor. Sahitya Sansar Prakashan. p. xvi. OCLC 12737199.
^ Dasharatha Sharma (1959). Early Chauhān Dynasties. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-8426-0618-9.
^ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, p. 53.
^ Pralambha, read from the Tezpur plates, can be corrected to Salambha, in light of the Parbatiya plates, Sharma, Mukunda Manhava (1978). Inscriptions of Ancient Assam. Guwahati: Gauhati University. p. 105.
^ V. V. Mirashi (1974). Bhavabhuti. Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1180-5.
^ “Kingdom that Mughals could never win”. The Tribune. 22 February 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
^ International Cyclopaedia: A Library of Universal Knowledge, Volume 6. Dodd, Mead & Company. 1885. p. 451.
^ “Bishnupur”. Britannica. Mallabhum kingdom
^ Steemers, Koen (2000). Architecture, City, Environment: Proceedings of PLEA 2000 : July 2000 … James & James (Science Publishers) Ltd. p. 377. ISBN 1902916166.
^ Dasgupta, Gautam Kumar; Biswas, Samira; Mallik, Rabiranjan (2009). Heritage Tourism: An Anthropological Journey to Bishnupur. A Mittal Publication. pp. 31–43. ISBN 978-81-8324-294-3.
^ Mallik, Abhaya Pada (1921). History of Bishnupur-Raj: An Ancient Kingdom of West Bengal (the University of Michigan ed.). Calcutta. pp. 128–130. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
^ Handa 2002, p. 28 to 32.
^ Sen, Sailendra Nath (1999) [First published 1988]. Ancient Indian History and Civilization (2nd ed.). New Age International. pp. 264–668. ISBN 81-224-1198-3.
^ Georg Bühler, ‘Pâiyalachchhî Nâmamâlâ’, in Beiträge zur Kunde der Indogermanischen Sprachen, vol. 4, edited by Adalbert Bezzenberger (Göttingen, 1878) and B. J. Dośī, Pāia-lacchīnāmamāla (Prākṛta-Lakṣmināmamālā) (Bombay, 1960): v. 276
^ Alexander Cunningham, ed. (1871). Archaeological Survey of India: Reports 1862–1884. Vol. I. Archaeological Survey of India. pp. 141–145. OCLC 421335527.
^ D. C. Ganguly (1981). R. S. Sharma (ed.). A Comprehensive History of India (A. D. 300–985). Vol. 3, Part 1. Indian History Congress / Orient Longmans. p. 704.
^ Alexander Cunningham 1871, p. 149.
^ Jagbir Singh (2002). The Jat Rulers of Upper Doab: Three Centuries of Aligarh Jat Nobility. Aavishkar. p. 28. ISBN 978-81-7910-016-5.
^ ^a ^b Dilip Kumar Ganguly (1994). Ancient India, History and Archaeology. Abhinav. pp. 33–41. ISBN 978-81-7017-304-5.
^ ^a ^b Susan L. Huntington (1984). The “Påala-Sena” Schools of Sculpture. Brill Archive. pp. 32–39. ISBN 90-04-06856-2.
^ R. C. Majumdar (1971). History of Ancient Bengal. G. Bharadwaj. p. 161–162.
^ Abdul Momin Chowdhury (1967). Dynastic history of Bengal, c. 750-1200 CE. Asiatic Society of Pakistan. pp. 272–273.
^ Bindeshwari Prasad Sinha (1977). Dynastic History of Magadha, Cir. 450–1200 A.D. Abhinav Publications. pp. 253–. ISBN 978-81-7017-059-4.
^ Dineshchandra Sircar (1975–76). “Indological Notes – R.C. Majumdar’s Chronology of the Pala Kings”. Journal of Ancient Indian History. IX: 209–10.
^ “Nasik History – Ancient Period”. State Government of Maharashtra. Archived from the original on 29 April 2005. Retrieved 14 October 2006.
^ Sen 1999, p. 264.
^ “Kannauj after Harsha”. Jagran Josh.
^ Dikshit, R. K. (1976). The Candellas of Jejākabhukti. Abhinav. p. 25. ISBN 978-81-7017-046-4.
^ Sullerey, Sushil Kumar (2004). Chandella Art. Aakar Books. p. 25. ISBN 978-81-87879-32-9.
^ Jackson, Peter (2003). The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History. Cambridge University Press. p. 199. ISBN 978-0-521-54329-3.
^ Jain, Kailash Chand (1972). Malwa Through the Ages, from the Earliest Times to 1305 A.D. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 329. ISBN 978-81-208-0824-9.
^ P.N. Sundaresan, ed. (2000). Sruti, Issues 184–195. p. 253.
^ Petech, Luciano (1977). The Kingdom of Ladakh, c. 950–1842 A.D. Instituto Italiano Per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. pp. 171–172.
^ Sali, M. L. (20 April 1998). India-China Border Dispute: A Case Study of the Eastern Sector. APH Publishing. ISBN 9788170249641. Retrieved 20 April 2018 – via Google Books.
^ Kaul, H. N. (20 April 1998). Rediscovery of Ladakh. Indus Publishing. ISBN 9788173870866. Retrieved 20 April 2018 – via Google Books.
^ Petech 1977, pp. 28–29.
^ Petech 1977, pp. 31–32.
^ Petech 1977, pp. 33–37.
^ Petech 1977, pp. 38–56.
^ Romila Thapar (2008). Somanatha. Penguin. p. 236. ISBN 9780143064688.
^ A. K. Majumdar (1956). Chaulukyas of Gujarat. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 199. OCLC 4413150.
^ Michael D. Willis (1996). “Architecture in Central India under the Kacchapaghata Rulers”. South Asian Studies. 12 (1): 14. doi:10.1080/02666030.1996.9628506.
^ “Exploration Of Kadwaha, District Ashoknagar, Madhya Pradesh (2009-2010)”. Bhopal: Archaeological Survey of India (Temple Survey Project). Archived from the original on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
^ Princely States of India
^ Prasad, Rajiva Nain (1966). Raja Man Singh of Amber. pp. 1.
^ Sarkar, Jadunath (1994) [1984]. A History of Jaipur: C. 1503–1938. Orient Longman Limited. p. 23. ISBN 81-250-0333-9.
^ Arms & Armour at the Jaipur court by Robert Elgood p.10
^ Sarkar (1994, p. 34)
^ Prasad (1966, pp. 1–3)
^ Sarkar (1994)
^ P. C. Roy (1980). “The Coinage of the Kalachuris of Ratnapura”. The Coinage of Northern India. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 978-81-7017-122-5.
^ Stein 1989b, p. 433.
^ Thakur 1990, p. 287.
^ Tucci 1956, p. 66.
^ Sen 1999, p. 272.
^ Niyogi 1959, pp. 115–117.
^ Niyogi 1959, p. 38.
^ Niyogi 1959, p. 41.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Hodgson, B. H. (1835). “Account of a Visit to the Ruins of Simroun, once the capital of the Mithila province”. Journal of the Asiatic Society. 4: 121−124.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Chaudhary, Radhakrishna. Mithilak Itihas [मिथिलाक इतिहास] (in Hindi). Ram Vilas Sahu. pp. 70–112. ISBN 9789380538280.
^ Ben Cahoon. “Indian Princely States K-Z”. Worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
^ Ayyar, K. V. (1999). The Zamorins of Calicut: From the Earliest Times Down to A.D. 1806. Publication Division, University of Calicut. p. 14. ISBN 978-81-7748-000-9.
^ “Cutch”. The Imperial Gazetteer of India. 11: 75–80. 1908.
^ Princely states of India: a guide to chronology and rulers – Page 54
^ Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 24, p. 386.
^ https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_008.gif
^ “History rebuild, brick by brick – Rs 56-lakh restoration plan for crumbling Palamau Fort”. telegraphindia.com.
^ Singh, Pradyuman (19 January 2021). Bihar General Knowledge Digest. ISBN 9789352667697.
^ Jodhpur’s Umaid Bhawan: The Maharaja of Palaces, by Aman Nath. Published by India Book House, 2008.
^ Niyogi, Roma (1959). The History of the Gāhaḍavāla Dynasty. Oriental. p. 30. OCLC 5386449.
^ “genealogy of the royal house of jaffna”.
^ Suresh K. Sharma, Documents on North-East India: Tripura, pp. 93-95
^ Somasekhara Sarma, Mallampalli (1946). History of the Reddi Kingdoms (Circa. 1325 A.D., to circa. 144B A.D.). Waltair: Andhra University. p. 81.: “How this discrepancy arose and why such a wrong account was given in the Kaluvaceru grant is a mystery which is yet to be unravelled.”
^ Rama Rao, M. (1947). “The Fall of Warangal and After”. Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 10: 295. JSTOR 44137150. It is thus impossible that Prolaya Vema could at any time have been a subordinate of the Musunuri chiefs.
^ Howes, Jennifer (1 January 1998). The Courts of Pre-colonial South India: Material Culture and Kingship. Psychology Press. p. 28. ISBN 07-0071-585-1.
^ Rao, Velcheru Narayana; Shulman, David; Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (1998). Symbols of substance : court and state in Nayaka period Tamil Nadu. Oxford University Press. p. 18.
^ Jha, Makhan (1997). Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 155–157. ISBN 9788175330344.
^ ^a ^b ^c Love Songs of Vidyāpati. Translated by Bhattacharya, Deben. London: G. Allen & Unwin. 1963.
^ Coomaraswamy, Ananda Kentish (1915). Vidyāpati: Bangīya Padābali; Songs of the Love of Rādhā and Krishna. London: The Old Bourne Press.
^ Dhere, Ramchandra (2011). Rise of a Folk God: Vitthal of Pandharpur South Asia Research. Oxford University Press, 2011. p. 243. ISBN 9780199777648.
^ Raghumani Naik (3 March 2018), GENEALOGICAL ANALYSIS OF CHAUHAN RULERS OF PATNAGARH IN WESTERN ORISSA: A STUDY, IRJHRSS, retrieved 12 March 2021
^ “Patna Princely State (9 gun salute)”. Archived from the original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
^ Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty (1984). Gwalior Fort: art, culture, and history. Arnold-Heinemann. pp. 98–116. ISBN 978-0-391-03223-1.
^ B. D. Misra (1993). Forts and fortresses of Gwalior and its hinterland. Manohar. pp. 27–46. ISBN 978-81-7304-047-4.
^ Kishori Saran Lal (1963). Twilight of the Sultanate. Asia Publishing House. p. 6. OCLC 500687579.
^ Sant Lal Katare (1975). “Two Gangolatal, Gwalior, Inscriptions of the Tomara Kings of Gwalior”. Journal of the Oriental Institute. Oriental Institute, Maharajah Sayajirao University. XXIII: 346.
^ “Princess Daisy of Pless: The Happy Years. An exhibition at Castle Pless”. www.rvondeh.dircon.co.uk.
^ Bhattacharjee, J B (1994). “Pre-colonial Political Structure of Barak Valley”. In Sangma, Milton S (ed.). Essays on North-east India: Presented in Memory of Professor V. Venkata Rao. Indus Publishing Company. p. 71. ISBN 978-81-7387-015-6. The Khaspur state originated with Chilarai’s invasion in 1562 AD and remained in existence till 1745 when it merged with the Dimasa state of Maibong.
^ “The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, Volume 94” (PDF). GhandiServe.
^ India), Asiatic Society (Kolkata (1901). Journal.
^ Cultural Heritage of [Orissa]: pts. 1-2. Katak. State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad. 2002. ISBN 978-81-902761-5-3.
^ Cultural Heritage of [Orissa]: Dhenkanal. State Level Vyasakabi Fakir Mohan Smruti Samsad. 2002. ISBN 978-81-902761-5-3.
^ Bhaskar Mishra (July 2011), The Traditional Role of Gajapati Maharaja in Shri Jagannath Temple (PDF), Orissa Review
^ Prabhakar Gadre (1994). Bhosle of Nagpur and East India Company. Jaipur, India: Publication Scheme. p. 257. ISBN 978-81-85263-65-6. Cogent arguments were advanced against the lapse of Nagpur State. But … the view of the Governor-General, Lord Dalhousie, pravailed and the Nagpur kingdom was annexed on 13th March, 1854.
^ Anwar, Kombai S. (26 April 2018). “Thanjavur emerged as a thriving cultural capital under the Marathas”. The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
^ “No. 38330”. The London Gazette. 22 June 1948. p. 3647. Royal Proclamation of 22 June 1948, made in accordance with the Indian Independence Act 1947, 10 & 11 GEO. 6. CH. 30.(‘Section 7: …(2)The assent of the Parliament of the United Kingdom is hereby given to the omission from the Royal Style and Titles of the words ” Indiae Imperator ” and the words ” Emperor of India ” and to the issue by His Majesty for that purpose of His Royal Proclamation under the Great Seal of the Realm.’). According to this Royal Proclamation, the King retained the Style and Titles ‘George VI by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas King, Defender of the Faith’, and he thus remained King of the various Dominions, including India and Pakistan, though these two (and others) eventually chose to abandon their monarchies and became republics.

Books

Gnyawali, Surya Bikram (1 December 1971) [1962], “The Malla Kings of Western Nepal” (PDF), Regmi Research Series, 3 (12): 265–268
Handa, O. C. (Omacanda) (2002). History of Uttaranchal. New Delhi: Indus Publishing. ISBN 9788173871344.
Pande, Badri Datt (1993). History of Kumaun : English version of “Kumaun ka itihas”. Almora: Shyam Prakashan. ISBN 81-85865-01-9.
Stein, Mark Aurel (1989a) [1900]. Kalhana’s Rajatarangini: a chronicle of the kings of Kasmir, Volume 1 (Reprinted ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0369-5. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
Stein, Mark Aurel (1989b) [1900]. Kalhana’s Rajatarangini: a chronicle of the kings of Kasmir, Volume 2 (Reprinted ed.). Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-0370-1. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
Thakur, Laxman S. (1990). “The Khaśas: An Early Indian Tribe”. In K. K. Kusuman (ed.). A Panorama of Indian Culture: Professor A. Sreedhara Menon Felicitation Volume. Mittal Publications. pp. 285–293. ISBN 978-81-7099-214-1.
Tucci, Giuseppe (1956), Preliminary Report on Two Scientific Expeditions in Nepal, David Brown Book Company, ISBN 9788857526843

Sources and external links

Adrian Fletcher’s Paradoxplace–Great Mughal Emperors of India

This article includes a rulers-related list of lists.

Liste des monarques indiens

Royaume Heheya

Haihayas médiévales

Dynasties Magadha

Dynastie Brihadratha (vers 1700 – 682 avant notre ère)

Dynastie Pradyota (vers 682 – 544 avant notre ère)

Dynastie Haryanka (vers 544 – 413 avant notre ère)

Dynastie Shishunaga (vers 413 – 345 avant notre ère)

Empire Nanda (vers 345 – 322 avant notre ère)

Empire Maurya (vers 322 – 184 avant notre ère)

Empire Shunga (vers 185 – 73 avant notre ère)

Dynastie Kanva (vers 73 – 28 avant notre ère)

Empire Kalinga

Première dynastie Kalinga (vers 1700 – 700 avant notre ère)

Deuxième dynastie Kalinga (vers 700 – 550 avant notre ère)

Dynastie inconnue mentionnée dans Dathavamsha (vers 550 – 410 avant notre ère)

Dynastie solaire de Kalinga (vers 410 – 380 avant notre ère)

Gonanda Royaume du Cachemire

Dynastie Gonanda I (vers 1700 – 1182 avant notre ère)

Dynastie Gonanditya (vers 1182 – 246 avant notre ère)

Chefs du Cachemire du royaume d’Ujjani (vers 246 avant notre ère – 25 de notre ère)

Dynastie Gonanda II (vers 25 – 561 CE)

Royaume de Gandhara (vers 1500 – 518 avant notre ère)

Royaume de Kuru (vers 1200–345 avant notre ère)

Royaume de Panchala (vers 1100 avant notre ère – 350 de notre ère)

Royaume d’Anga (vers 1100 – 530 avant notre ère)

Royaume de Kamboja (vers 700 – 200 avant notre ère)

Dynastie Pandyan (vers 600 avant notre ère – 1650 de notre ère)

Premiers Pandyans

Pandyans moyens (vers 590–920 CE)

Pandyans sous l’empire Chola (vers 920-1216 CE)

Pandalam (plus tard Pandyans) (vers 1212–1345 CE)

Tenkasi Pandyans (vers 1422–1650 CE)

Dynastie Chera (vers 600 avant notre ère – 1530 CE)

Ancienne Chera (vers 600 avant notre ère – 400 de notre ère)

Kongu Cheras ( Karur ) (vers 400–844 CE)

Kodungallur Cheras (vers 844–1122 CE)

Venadu Cheras ( Kulasekhara ) (vers 1090–1530 CE)

Dynastie Chola (vers 600 avant notre ère – 1280 CE)

Cholas antique (vers 600 avant notre ère – 300 de notre ère)

Empire impérial de Cholas (vers 848–1280 CE)

Royaume de Tambapanni (vers 543–437 avant notre ère)

Maison de Vijaya

Dynastie Satavahana (vers 230 avant notre ère – 220 de notre ère)

Dynastie Mahameghavahana (vers 225 avant notre ère – 300 CE)

Royaume de Kangleipak ​​(Manipur) (vers 200 avant notre ère -1950 de notre ère)

Ancienne dynastie de Kangleipak ​​(vers 200 avant notre ère -33 CE)

Dynastie Ningthouja ou Mangang (vers 33–1074 CE)

Dynastie Kangleipak ​​(vers 1074–1819 CE)

Règle birmane (vers 1819–1825 CE)État princier (vers 1825–1947 CE)

Royaume de Kuninda (vers le 2e siècle avant notre ère au 3e siècle de notre ère)

Royaumes étrangers (assimilés) du sous-continent indien

Indo-Scythe – Saka ( vers 12 avant notre ère – 395 CE)

Empire Kushan (vers 1–375 CE)

Indo-Parthe – Pahalava (vers 21-100 CE)

Alchon Huns – Huna (vers 400–670 CE)

Dynastie Chutu de Banavasi (vers 100 avant notre ère – 200 CE)

Dynastie Nagvanshi de Chotanagpur (vers 64–1952 CE)

Raja

Maharaja

Dynastie Bharshiva ( Nagas de Padmavati ) (vers 170–350 CE)

Dynastie Chandra (vers 202–1050 CE)

Dynastie Abhira de Nasik (203–370 CE)

Empire Gupta (vers 240–550 CE)

Dynastie Vakataka (vers 250–500 CE)

The Pravarapura-Nandivardhana branch

The Vatsagulma branch

Pallava dynasty (c. 275–901 CE)

Early Pallavas (c. 275–355 CE)

Middle Pallavas (c. 355–537 CE)

Later Pallavas (c. 537–901 CE)

Kadamba dynasty (c. 345–1347 CE)

Kadamba dynasty of Banavasi (c. 345–525 CE)

Kadambas of Goa (until 1345)Kadambas of Hangal (until 1347)

Varman dynasty of Kamarupa (350–650 CE)

Western Ganga dynasty of Talakad (350–1024 CE)

Traikutaka dynasty (c. 370–520 CE)

Vishnukundina dynasty (c. 420–624 CE)

Maitraka dynasty of Vallabhi (c. 475–776 CE)

Rai dynasty (c. 489–632 CE)

Royaume de Kangleipak (Manipur) (vers 200 avant notre ère -1950 de notre ère)

Ancienne dynastie de Kangleipak (vers 200 avant notre ère -33 CE)

Dynastie Kangleipak (vers 1074–1819 CE)