Droits LGBT par pays ou territoire

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Lois mondiales concernant les relations sexuelles, les unions et l’expression homosexuelles

Rapports homosexuels illégaux. Sanctions :
La mort	Prison; mort non imposée
Mort sous les milices	Prison, avec arrestations ou détention
Prison, non appliquée 1
Les relations homosexuelles sont légales. Reconnaissance des syndicats :
Mariage	Mariage extraterritorial 2
Unions civile	Limité domestique
Étrangère limitée	Attestation facultative
Rien	Restrictions d’expression

Les anneaux indiquent une application locale ou au cas par cas.
¹ Aucune peine d’emprisonnement au cours des trois dernières années ou moratoire sur la loi.
² Mariage non disponible localement. Certaines juridictions peuvent réaliser d’autres types de partenariats. Les droits des LGBT aux Nations Unies

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Non plus	États qui n’ont soutenu aucune des deux déclarations
États non membres	États qui ne sont pas membres votants de l’ONU
S’opposer	États ayant soutenu une déclaration d’opposition en 2008 et poursuivi leur opposition en 2011
Membre suivant	Soudan du Sud, qui n’était pas membre de l’ONU en 2008
Soutien	États ayant soutenu la déclaration des droits LGBT à l’Assemblée générale ou au Conseil des droits de l’homme en 2008 ou 2011

Droits
Distinctions théoriques
Droits de revendication et droits à la liberté Droits individuels et collectifs Droits naturels et droits légaux Droits négatifs et positifs
Droits humains
Civile et politique Economique, social et culturel Trois générations
Droits par bénéficiaire
Accusé Animaux Enfants Consommateurs Créanciers Sourd désactivé Aînés Les agriculteurs Humains Indigènes Intersexe rois LGBT ( Transgenre ) Hommes Minorités Parents ( mères , pères ) Les patients Paysans Végétaux Les prisonniers États Étudiants Victimes Femmes Ouvriers Jeunesse
Autres groupes de droits
Assemblée Association Asile Libertés civiles Numérique Éducation Procès équitable Aliments Migration gratuite Santé Logement Linguistique Mouvement Biens Reproducteur Repos et loisirs Auto défense Autodétermination des personnes Discours Sexualité Eau et assainissement
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Les droits affectant les personnes lesbiennes , gays , bisexuelles et transgenres ( LGBT ) varient considérablement d’un pays ou d’une juridiction à l’autre, allant de la reconnaissance légale du mariage homosexuel à la peine de mort pour homosexualité .

Lois concernant l’expression de l’identité de genre par pays ou territoire Changement d’identité légale, chirurgie non requise Changement d’identité légale, intervention chirurgicale requise Pas de changement d’identité légale Inconnu/Ambigu

Notamment, en janvier 2021 ^[update], 29 pays reconnaissaient le mariage homosexuel . En revanche, sans compter les acteurs non étatiques et les exécutions extrajudiciaires, un seul pays est censé imposer la peine de mort pour les actes sexuels consentis entre personnes de même sexe : l’Iran . La peine de mort est officiellement de droit , mais généralement non pratiquée , au Brunei , en Mauritanie , au Nigéria (dans le tiers nord du pays), en Arabie saoudite , en Somalie (dans l’État autonome de Jubaland ) et aux Émirats arabes unis . De plus, les personnes LGBT sont confrontées à des exécutions extrajudiciaires en Afghanistansous le régime taliban et dans la région russe de Tchétchénie . ^[1] Le Soudan a annulé sa peine de mort non appliquée pour les relations sexuelles anales (hétéro- ou homosexuelles) en 2020. Quinze pays ont inscrit la lapidation comme sanction pour adultère , ce qui inclurait les relations sexuelles homosexuelles, mais cela n’est appliqué que par les autorités judiciaires en Iran . ^{[2] [3]}

En 2011, le Conseil des droits de l’homme des Nations Unies a adopté sa première résolution reconnaissant les droits des LGBT, à la suite de quoi le Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies aux droits de l’homme a publié un rapport documentant les violations des droits des personnes LGBT, notamment les crimes de haine , la criminalisation de l’activité homosexuelle. , et les discriminations . Suite à la publication du rapport, les Nations Unies ont exhorté tous les pays qui ne l’avaient pas encore fait à promulguer des lois protégeant les droits fondamentaux des LGBT. ^{[4] [5]}

Portée des lois

Les lois qui affectent les personnes LGBT comprennent, mais sans s’y limiter, les suivantes :

• lois concernant la reconnaissance des relations homosexuelles , y compris le mariage homosexuel , les unions civiles et les partenariats domestiques
• lois concernant la parentalité LGBT , y compris l’adoption par des personnes LGBT
• lois anti-discrimination dans l’emploi, le logement, l’éducation, les logements publics
• législation anti-harcèlement pour protéger les enfants LGBT à l’école
• lois sur les crimes de haine imposant des sanctions pénales renforcées pour la violence motivée par des préjugés contre les personnes LGBT
• factures de toilettes affectant l’accès à des installations séparées par sexe pour les personnes transgenres
• lois relatives à l’orientation sexuelle et au service militaire
• lois concernant l’accès aux techniques de procréation assistée
• les lois sur la sodomie qui pénalisent l’activité sexuelle consensuelle entre personnes de même sexe. Celles-ci peuvent ou non cibler les homosexuels, hommes ou hommes et femmes, ou laisser certains actes homosexuels légaux.
• lois sur l’adultère auxquelles les couples de même sexe sont soumis
• lois sur l’ âge du consentement qui peuvent imposer des âges plus élevés pour les activités sexuelles entre personnes de même sexe
• lois concernant le don de sang, de cornées et d’autres tissus par les hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes
• lois concernant l’accès à la chirurgie de changement de sexe et à l’ hormonothérapie substitutive
• reconnaissance légale et accommodement du sexe réaffecté .

Histoire des lois liées aux LGBT

Partie d’ une série sur
Droits LGBT
Lesbienne ∙ Gay ∙ Bisexuel ∙ Transgenre
Aperçu Droits Mondial Mouvement Élève Social États-Unis Droits intersexués Attitudes sociales Droits des transgenres Statut légal Mouvement
Aspects Mariage Statut légal Chronologie Migration Service militaire Organisations Lister Parentalité Adoption Pinkwashing Relation amoureuse Reconnaissance syndicat
Opposition La censure Thérapie de conversion Viol correctif La discrimination Criminalisation de l’homosexualité Exécution Opposition La propagande Rhétorique Violence
Organisations LGBT Bisexuel Intersexe Centre communautaire Médical Militaire et Vétéran Droits transgenres États-Unis Religieux Christian juif musulman
Politique Libertarianisme Socialisme Affiliés aux partis politiques Idéologies politiques concernant les LGBT
Chronologie Années Lister Catégorie
Lié Droits humains Les droits des minorités La discrimination Indice de liberté
Portail LGBT
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Partie d’ une série sur
Sujets LGBT
Lesbienne Homosexuel Bisexuel transgenres
Orientation sexuelle et genre Homosexualité Bisexualité Pansexualité Asexualité Asexualité grise Queer Identité sexuelle Démographie La biologie Environnement Identité de genre Rôle de genre Écart de genre Genre non binaire Hétérosexualité queer Distinction de sexe et de genre Homme trans Femme trans transgenres Transsexuel Un romantique
Histoire Général Chronologie Homosexualité Mouvements sociaux Libération gay Émeutes de Stonewall Identités Lesbienne Hommes gay Bisexualité transgenres Intersexe
Culture Sortir Communauté Afro-américain Dyke mars Événements Liste des personnes LGBT de New York Les plus grands événements Village gay Homosocialisation Médias Films Nouveau cinéma queer Périodiques Culture LGBT La culture LGBT à New York Fierté Parade Art queer Relation homosexuelle Cultures basées sur la sexualité et l’identité de genre Argot liste Tourisme LGBT Symboles Drapeaux Takatāpui
Droits Adoption Union civile Droits humains intersexués Mariage Service militaire Parentalité Droits par pays ou territoire Droits des transgenres Principes de Yogyakarta
Santé Organisations médicales la reproduction Soins de santé transgenres Suicide chez les jeunes
Attitudes sociales Amatonormativité Hétéronormativité Homosexualité et religion Mariage à orientation mixte Représentation médiatique Diversité sexuelle Stéréotypes Les transgenres et la religion
Questions Acéphobie Stigmatisation du SIDA Rhétorique anti-LGBT Biphobie La censure Fermé Sortie Violence domestique Effacement Lavage droit Effacement bisexuel Effacement lesbien Dénigrement gay Gayphobie Hétérosexisme Homophobie Discrimination intersexuée Lesbophobie Migration Discrimination non binaire Sexualisme Transphobie Violence
Domaines académiques et discours Féminisme lesbien Linguistique de la lavande Études queer Théorie queer Transféminisme Travestis
Portail LGBT
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L’Inde ancienne

Ayoni ou les relations sexuelles non vaginales de tous types sont punissables dans l ‘ Arthashastra . Les actes homosexuels sont cependant traités comme une infraction mineure passible d’une amende, tandis que les rapports hétérosexuels illégaux sont passibles de peines beaucoup plus sévères. Les Dharmsastras , en particulier les derniers, prescrivent contre les relations sexuelles non vaginales comme le Vashistha Dharmasutra . Le Yājñavalkya Smṛti prescrit des amendes pour de tels actes, y compris ceux avec d’autres hommes. Manusmriti prescrit des peines légères pour de tels actes. ^{[6] [7]} Vanita déclare que les versets sur la punition pour un sexe entre une femme et une jeune fille sont dus à son fort accent sur la pureté sexuelle d’une jeune fille. ^[8]

L’ancien Israël

L’ancienne loi de Moïse (la Torah ) interdit aux hommes de coucher avec des hommes (c’est-à-dire d’avoir des rapports sexuels) dans Lévitique 18 et donne une histoire de tentative de viol homosexuel dans Genèse 19 , dans l’histoire de Sodome et Gomorrhe , après quoi les villes ont été bientôt détruite par “le soufre et le feu, de la part du Seigneur” ^{[9] [10]} et la peine de mort a été prescrite à ses habitants – et à la femme de Lot , qui a été transformée en statue de sel parce qu’elle s’est retournée pour surveiller les villes. destruction. ^{[11] [12]} Dans Deutéronome 22:5, le travestissement est condamné comme “abominable”.^{[13] [14]}

Assyrie

Dans la société assyrienne , les crimes sexuels étaient punis de la même manière qu’ils soient homosexuels ou hétérosexuels. ^[15] Un individu n’a fait face à aucune punition pour avoir pénétré quelqu’un de classe sociale égale , une prostituée de culte ou quelqu’un dont les rôles de genre n’étaient pas considérés comme solidement masculins. ^[15] De telles relations sexuelles étaient même considérées comme une bonne fortune , avec une tablette akkadienne , la Šumma ālu , lisant, “Si un homme copule avec son égal par l’arrière, il devient le chef parmi ses pairs et ses frères”. ^{[16] [17]}Cependant, les relations homosexuelles avec des camarades soldats, des esclaves, des serviteurs royaux, ou ceux où un meilleur social était soumis ou pénétré , étaient traitées comme de mauvais présages . ^{[18] [19]}

Les codes juridiques du Moyen-Assyrien datant de 1075 av. J.-C. ont une loi particulièrement sévère pour l’homosexualité dans l’armée , qui se lit comme suit : “Si un homme a des relations sexuelles avec son frère d’armes, ils le transformeront en eunuque .” ^{[20] [21] [22]} Un code de loi similaire dit: “Si un seigneur couche avec son voisin, quand ils l’ont poursuivi (et) l’ont condamné, ils coucheront avec lui (et) le transformeront en eunuque”. Ce code de loi condamne une situation impliquant un viol homosexuel . Tout homme assyrien pouvait rendre visite à une prostituée ou coucher avec un autre homme, tant que de fausses rumeurs ou des rapports sexuels forcés n’étaient pas impliqués avec un autre homme. ^[23]

Rome antique

Dans la Rome antique, les corps des jeunes citoyens étaient strictement interdits et la Lex Scantinia imposait des sanctions à ceux qui avaient commis un crime sexuel ( stuprum ) contre un mineur de sexe masculin né libre . ^[24] Les partenaires de même sexe acceptables étaient les hommes exclus des protections légales en tant que citoyens : les esclaves , les prostitués masculins et les infames , les artistes ou autres qui pourraient être techniquement libres mais dont les modes de vie les placent hors la loi.

Un citoyen de sexe masculin qui a volontairement pratiqué le sexe oral ou reçu le sexe anal a été décrié, mais il n’y a que des preuves limitées de sanctions légales contre ces hommes. ^[25] Dans la salle d’audience et la rhétorique politique, les accusations d’ effémination et de comportements sexuels passifs étaient dirigées en particulier contre les politiciens « démocrates » ( populaires ) tels que Jules César et Marc Antoine . ^[26]

Le droit romain traitait du viol d’un citoyen de sexe masculin dès le IIe siècle av. J.-C., lorsqu’il était statué que même un homme “peu recommandable et douteux” avait le même droit que les autres citoyens de ne pas avoir son corps soumis à des relations sexuelles forcées. ^[27] Une loi datant probablement de la dictature de Jules César a défini le viol comme des rapports sexuels forcés contre “un garçon, une femme ou n’importe qui” ; le violeur était passible d’exécution, une peine rare dans le droit romain. ^[28] Un homme classé comme infamis , tel qu’une prostituée ou un acteur, ne pouvait pas, en vertu de la loi, être violé, pas plus qu’un esclave, qui était légalement classé comme propriété; le propriétaire de l’esclave, cependant, pourrait poursuivre le violeur pour dommages matériels. ^[29]

Dans l’ armée romaine de la République, les relations sexuelles entre camarades violaient le décorum contre les relations avec les citoyens et étaient passibles de peines sévères, y compris la mort, ^[30] en tant que violation de la discipline militaire . ^[31] L’historien grec Polybe (IIe siècle av. J.-C.) répertorie les déserteurs , les voleurs, les parjures et “ceux qui, dans leur jeunesse, ont abusé de leur personne” comme sujets au fustuarium , matraquant à mort. ^[32] Les sources anciennes sont les plus préoccupées par les effets du harcèlement sexuelpar des officiers, mais le jeune soldat qui porte plainte contre son supérieur doit prouver qu’il n’a pas volontairement assumé le rôle passif ou s’est prostitué. ^[33] Les soldats étaient libres d’avoir des relations avec leurs esclaves mâles ; ^[34] l’utilisation du corps d’un compatriote-soldat était interdite, pas les comportements homosexuels en soi. ^[35] À la fin de la République et tout au long de la période impériale , il y a de plus en plus de preuves que les hommes dont le style de vie les a marqués comme “homosexuels” au sens moderne ont servi ouvertement. ^[36]

Bien que le droit romain ne reconnaisse pas le mariage entre hommes et qu’en général les Romains considèrent le mariage comme une union hétérosexuelle dans le but principal de produire des enfants, au début de la période impériale, certains couples masculins célébraient les rites de mariage traditionnels . Juvénal remarque avec désapprobation que ses amis assistaient souvent à de telles cérémonies. ^[37] L’empereur Néron a eu deux mariages avec des hommes, une fois en tant que mariée (avec un affranchi Pythagore ) et une fois en tant que marié. Son épouse Sporus est apparue en public en tant qu’épouse de Néron portant les insignes habituels de l’impératrice romaine. ^[38]

Outre les mesures visant à protéger les prérogatives des citoyens, la poursuite de l’homosexualité en tant que crime général a commencé au IIIe siècle de l’ère chrétienne lorsque la prostitution masculine a été interdite par Philippe l’Arabe . À la fin du IVe siècle, après le passage de l’Empire romain sous la domination chrétienne , l’homosexualité passive était passible de brûlures . ^[39] “Mort par l’épée” était la punition pour un “homme s’accouplant comme une femme” sous le Code Théodosien . ^[40] Sous Justinien , tous les actes homosexuels, passifs ou actifs, quels que soient les partenaires, étaient déclarés contraires à la nature et passibles de la peine de mort. ^[41]

Empire britannique

Le Royaume-Uni a introduit des lois anti-homosexualité dans toutes ses colonies, en particulier au XIXe siècle, lorsque l’ Empire britannique était à son apogée. ^[42] En 2018, plus de la moitié des 71 pays qui criminalisaient l’homosexualité étaient d’anciennes colonies ou protectorats britanniques. ^[43]

Pays-Bas

Une réalisation monumentale dans l’histoire des LGBT s’est produite lorsque la reine Beatrix a signé une loi faisant des Pays-Bas le premier pays à légaliser le mariage homosexuel. ^[44]

Cartes mondiales des droits LGBT

Lois concernant la sexualité homosexuelle par pays ou territoire
v t e Lois mondiales concernant les relations sexuelles, les unions et l’expression homosexuelles Rapports homosexuels illégaux. Sanctions : La mort Prison; mort non imposée Mort sous les milices Prison, avec arrestations ou détention Prison, non appliquée 1 Les relations homosexuelles sont légales. Reconnaissance des syndicats : Mariage Mariage extraterritorial 2 Unions civile Limité domestique Étrangère limitée Attestation facultative Rien Restrictions d’expression Les anneaux indiquent une application locale ou au cas par cas. 1 Aucune peine d’emprisonnement au cours des trois dernières années ou moratoire sur la loi. 2 Mariage non disponible localement. Certaines juridictions peuvent réaliser d’autres types de partenariats.
Les droits des LGBT aux Nations Unies
Soutenir les pays qui ont signé une déclaration de l’ Assemblée générale sur les droits des LGBT ou qui ont parrainé la résolution de 2011 du Conseil des droits de l’ homme sur les droits des LGBT ( 96 membres ) Opposer les pays qui ont signé une déclaration de 2008 s’opposant aux droits des LGBT (initialement 57 membres, maintenant 54 membres après le retrait des Fidji, du Rwanda et de la Sierra Leone ) Ni Pays qui, vis-à-vis de l’ONU, n’ont exprimé ni soutien ni opposition officiels aux droits LGBT ( 44 membres )
Lois sur la “propagande” et la “moralité” homosexuelles par pays ou territoire
Lois sur la “propagande” et la “moralité” homosexuelles par pays ou territoire Pays ou territoires qui n’ont pas de lois sur la “propagande” ou la “morale” homosexuelle Bien [45] Punition inconnue Emprisonnement
Décriminalisation des rapports sexuels entre personnes de même sexe par pays ou territoire
1791–1850 1850–1945 1946–1989 1990-présent Date inconnue de la légalisation des rapports homosexuels Les relations sexuelles entre personnes de même sexe toujours légales Toujours criminalisé
Égalisation des lois sur l’âge du consentement pour les couples de même sexe par pays ou territoire
1790–1829 1830–1839 1840–1859 1860–1869 1870–1879 1880–1889 1890–1929 1930-1939 1940-1949 1 1950–1959 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990–1999 2000–2009 2010-présent Date inconnue pour les lois sur l’égalité d’âge du consentement pour les couples de sexe opposé et de même sexe Pas de lois sur le consentement/les lois sur l’âge égal du consentement sont toujours égales pour les couples de sexe opposé et de même sexe Lois inégales sur l’âge du consentement pour les couples de même sexe Rapports sexuels homosexuels illégaux 1 Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale , l’Allemagne nazie a annexé ou occupé un territoire, étendant les lois allemandes contre les rapports sexuels entre personnes de même sexe . L’âge du consentement était auparavant égalisé pour les couples de même sexe dans les pays ou territoires suivants avant la guerre : Belluno ( légal en 1890 ), Friuli-Venezia Giulia ( légal en 1890 ), Pologne ( ( légal en 1890 ) . dépénalisé en 1932 ) et Trentin-Haut-Adige / Tyrol du Sud] Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, l’Allemagne n’a pas systématiquement appliqué les lois anti-homosexuelles dans tous les pays occupés. [46] Tous les pays et territoires ont indiqué que lorsqu’ils ont été annexés ou établis en reichskommissariats par l’Allemagne nazie pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, ils ont été restaurés en tant que pays indépendants ou réincorporés dans leurs pays précédents pendant ou après la guerre et ont ainsi re-légalisé les lois sur l’âge égal du consentement pour le même -couples sexuels dans ces régions. [ citation nécessaire ]
Statut juridique du mariage homosexuel
Mariage ouvert aux couples de même sexe (anneaux : cas individuels) Juridiction mixte : mariage reconnu par l’État mais pas par le gouvernement tribal pour les résidents qui sont membres de la tribu Législation ou décision de justice nationale contraignante établissant le mariage homosexuel, mais le mariage n’est pas encore prévu Mariage homosexuel reconnu de plein droit lorsqu’il est célébré dans certaines autres juridictions Ordonnance judiciaire de reconnaissance non encore testée (Arménie) Unions civiles ou partenariats domestiques Reconnaissance légale limitée (cohabitation enregistrée) Certification locale sans force juridique Reconnaissance limitée du mariage célébré dans certaines autres juridictions (droits de résidence pour les époux) Pays soumis à une décision de justice internationale reconnaissant le mariage homosexuel Autres pays où les unions de même sexe ne sont pas légalement reconnues
Statut juridique de l’adoption par les couples de même sexe par pays ou territoire
Adoption conjointe autorisée Adoption par un deuxième parent autorisée Aucune loi autorisant l’adoption par des couples de même sexe et aucun mariage homosexuel Mariage homosexuel mais adoption par des couples homosexuels mariés non autorisée
Service LGBT dans les armées nationales par pays ou territoire [ citation nécessaire ]
Toutes les personnes LGBT peuvent servir Les hommes GBT peuvent servir Les personnes LGB peuvent servir Les hommes britanniques peuvent servir Politique ambiguë/inconnue Les personnes LGBT sont interdites de servir Pas de militaire
Lois sur la discrimination à l’emploi par orientation sexuelle ou identité de genre par pays ou territoire
Orientation sexuelle et identité de genre : tous les emplois Orientation sexuelle avec ordonnance contre la discrimination à l’emploi et identité de genre uniquement dans l’emploi public Orientation sexuelle : tous les emplois Identité de genre : tous les emplois Orientation sexuelle et identité de genre : emploi public fédéral et sous-traitants fédéraux Orientation sexuelle et identité de genre : emploi public Orientation sexuelle : emploi public Aucune législation nationale sur l’emploi couvrant l’orientation sexuelle ou l’identité de genre
Lois anti-discrimination couvrant les biens et services par orientation sexuelle et/ou identité de genre par pays ou territoire
Pays et territoires dotés de lois anti-discrimination LGBT dans les biens et services Orientation sexuelle et identité de genre couvertes Orientation sexuelle couverte Identité de genre couverte Aucune loi anti-discrimination au niveau national ou local couvrant l’orientation sexuelle et/ou l’identité de genre dans les biens et services
Lois constitutionnelles sur la discrimination par orientation sexuelle et/ou identité de genre par pays ou territoire
Orientation sexuelle et identité de genre couvertes Orientation sexuelle couverte Identité de genre couverte Aucune loi constitutionnelle nationale ou locale sur la discrimination couvrant l’orientation sexuelle et/ou l’identité de genre
Lois sur les crimes de haine LGBT par pays ou territoire
Lois sur les crimes haineux en matière d’orientation sexuelle et d’identité de genre Lois sur les crimes haineux en matière d’orientation sexuelle Pas de lois sur les crimes de haine LGBT
Incitation à la haine fondée sur l’orientation sexuelle et l’identité de genre interdite par pays ou territoire
Incitation à la haine fondée sur l’orientation sexuelle et l’identité de genre interdite Incitation à la haine fondée sur l’orientation sexuelle interdite Aucune interdiction de l’incitation à la haine fondée sur l’orientation sexuelle et l’identité de genre
Interdiction des thérapies de conversion pour les mineurs sur la base de l’orientation sexuelle et de l’identité de genre par pays ou territoire
Interdiction des thérapies de conversion sur la base de l’orientation sexuelle et de l’identité de genre Interdiction de facto des thérapies de conversion Interdictions au cas par cas Proposition d’interdiction de la thérapie de conversion Pas d’interdiction de la thérapie de conversion
Égalité en matière d’immigration par pays ou territoire [ citation nécessaire ]
Reconnaissance des couples de même sexe dans les lois nationales sur l’immigration Inconnu/ambigu
Interdictions des unions homosexuelles par pays ou territoire
Aucune interdiction spécifique des mariages ou unions homosexuels La Constitution interdit le mariage homosexuel La Constitution établit la loi islamique ou interdit les violations de la “morale islamique”
Politiques de don de sang pour les hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes par pays ou territoire
Politiques de don de sang pour les hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes Les hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes peuvent donner leur sang ; Pas de report Les hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes peuvent donner leur sang ; Ajournement temporaire Les hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes ne peuvent pas donner de sang ; Ajournement définitif Pas de données
Politiques de don de sang pour les partenaires sexuelles féminines d’hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes par pays ou territoire
Politiques de don de sang pour les partenaires sexuelles féminines d’hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes Les partenaires sexuelles féminines d’hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes peuvent donner leur sang; Pas de report Les partenaires sexuelles féminines d’hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes peuvent donner leur sang; Ajournement temporaire Les partenaires sexuelles féminines d’hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes ne peuvent pas donner de sang; Ajournement définitif Pas de données
Lois concernant l’expression de l’identité de genre par pays ou territoire
Changement d’identité légale, chirurgie non requise Changement d’identité légale, intervention chirurgicale requise Pas de changement d’identité légale Inconnu/Ambigu
Reconnaissance juridique des genres non binaires et du troisième genre
Non binaire / troisième sexe disponible en tant qu’opt-in volontaire Opt-in pour les personnes intersexuées uniquement Norme pour le troisième sexe Norme pour l’intersexualité Non binaire / troisième sexe non légalement reconnu / pas de données

Chronologie

Chronologie de la dépénalisation de l’homosexualité

Pays/Territoires/États
Jamais été illégal	Lister Aruba, Pays-Bas Bénin Burkina Faso Cambodge République centrafricaine Îles Cocos (Keeling), Australie Congo RD Congo Île Christmas, Australie Curacao, Pays-Bas Djibouti Guinée Équatoriale Polynésie française, France Indonésie [a] Côte d’Ivoire Laos Madagascar Mali Mayotte, France Micronésie Nouvelle-Calédonie, France Niger Corée du Nord Rwanda Saint-Martin, Pays-Bas Corée du Sud Philippines Pologne Taïwan Viêt Nam Wallis et Futuna, France
18ème siècle	Lister 1791 : Andorre Royaume de France (comprend la Guadeloupe, la Guyane française, la Martinique, la Réunion, San Barthélemy, Saint Martin et Saint Pierre et Miquelon) Saint-Domingue (Haïti) 1793 : Monaco 1794 : Luxembourg 1795 : Belgique 1798 : Genève, Suisse Tessin, Suisse Vaud, Suisse Valais, Suisse
19ème siècle	Lister 1811 : Pays- Bas 1822 : République dominicaine Le Salvador 1830 : Empire du Brésil 1832 : Bolivie 1853 : Argentine 1858 : Empire ottoman (Turquie) 1864 : Saint-Marin 1869 : Guyane hollandaise (Suriname) 1871 : Guatémala Mexique 1880 : Empire du Japon Paraguay 1890 : Royaume d’Italie Cité du Vatican 1899 : Honduras
20ième siècle	Lister 1924 : Pérou 1933 : Danemark (comprend le Groenland et les îles Féroé ) 1934 : Uruguay 1940 : Royaume d’Islande 1942: Suisse (dans tout le pays) 1944 : Suède 1951 : Grèce Jordan Cisjordanie, Palestine 1956 : Thaïlande 1961 : Hongrie 1962 : Tchécoslovaquie Illinois, États-Unis 1967 : Angleterre et Pays de Galles, Royaume-Uni 1968 : Bulgarie Allemagne de l’est 1969 : Canada Allemagne de l’Ouest 1971 : Autriche Connecticut, États-Unis Costa Rica Finlande 1972 : Colorado, États-Unis Orégon, États-Unis Norvège 1973 : Delaware, États-Unis Hawaï, États-Unis Malte Dakota du Nord, États-Unis 1974 : Massachusetts, États-Unis Ohio, États-Unis 1975 : Timor oriental New Hampshire, États-Unis Nouveau-Mexique, États-Unis Australie-Méridionale, Australie 1976 : Territoire de la capitale australienne, Australie Bahreïn Californie, États-Unis Indiana, États-Unis Maine, États-Unis Washington, États-Unis Virginie-Occidentale, États-Unis 1977 : République socialiste de Croatie République socialiste du Montengro République socialiste de Slovénie Dakota du Sud, États-Unis Vermont, États-Unis Wyoming, États-Unis 1978 : Guam, États-Unis Iowa, États-Unis Nebraska, États-Unis New-Jersey, États-Unis 1979 : Cuba Espagne 1980 : Samoa américaines, États-Unis New York, États-Unis Pennsylvanie, États-Unis 1981 : Colombie Écosse, Royaume-Uni Victoria, Australie 1982 : Irlande du Nord, Royaume-Uni 1983 : Guernesey, Royaume-Uni Îles Mariannes du Nord, États-Unis Territoire du Nord, Australie le Portugal Wisconsin, États-Unis 1984 : Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, Australie 1985 : Îles Vierges américaines, États-Unis 1986 : Nouvelle-Zélande 1988 : Israël 1989 : îles Falkland, Royaume-Uni Liechtenstein 1990 : Jersey, Royaume-Uni Australie-Occidentale, Australie 1991 : Bahamas Abkhazie Hong Kong britannique Queensland, Australie Ossétie du Sud Ukraine 1992 : Estonie Île de Man, Royaume-Uni Kentucky, États-Unis Lettonie 1993 : District de Columbia, États-Unis Gibraltar, Royaume-Uni Guinée Bissau Irlande Lituanie Mongolie Nevada, États-Unis Île Norfolk, Australie Russie 1994 : Province autonome du Kosovo-Metohija Biélorussie Bermudes, Royaume-Uni République de Serbie 1995 : Albanie Moldavie 1996 : Fédération de Bosnie-Herzégovine, Bosnie-Herzégovine Macao portugais Macédoine du Nord Roumanie Tennessee, États-Unis 1997 : Chine Equateur Montana, États-Unis Tasmanie, Australie Venezuela 1998 : Chypre Géorgie, États-Unis Kazakhstan Kirghizistan Republika Srpska, Bosnie-Herzégovine Rhode Island, États-Unis Afrique du Sud Tadjikistan 1999 : Chili Maryland, États-Unis 2000 : Akrotiri et Dhekelia, Royaume-Uni République d’Artsakh Azerbaïdjan Géorgie (pays)
21e siècle	Lister 2001 : Anguilla, Royaume-Uni Arizona, États-Unis District de Brčko, Bosnie-Herzégovine Îles Vierges britanniques, Royaume-Uni Îles Caïmans, Royaume-Uni Minnesota, États-Unis Montserrat, Royaume-Uni Sainte-Hélène, Ascension et Tristan da Cunha, Royaume-Uni Îles Pitcairn, Royaume-Uni Îles Turques et Caïques, Royaume-Uni 2002 : Arkansas, États-Unis Transnistrie 2003 : Arménie Irak États-Unis (à l’échelle nationale) 2004 : Cap-Vert 2005 : Îles Marshall 2007 : Népal Niué, Nouvelle-Zélande Tokélaou, Nouvelle-Zélande Vanuatu 2008 : Nicaragua Panama 2010 : Fidji 2012 : Lesotho São Tomé et Príncipe 2014 : Chypre du Nord Palaos 2015 : Mozambique 2016 : Bélize Nauru les Seychelles 2018 : Inde Trinité-et-Tobago 2019 : Botswana 2020 : Gabon 2021 : Angola Bhoutan
Remarques Notez que si ce modèle répertorie plusieurs pays historiques, tels que le Royaume de France, la Tchécoslovaquie, l’Allemagne de l’Est, etc., par souci de clarté, les drapeaux présentés sont des drapeaux contemporains.

Lois liées aux LGBT par pays ou territoire

Afrique

Liste des pays ou territoires par droits LGBT en Afrique

Cette table: voir parler Éditer Afrique du Nord Droits LGBT dans : Activité sexuelle entre personnes de même sexe Reconnaissance des unions homosexuelles Mariage de même sexe Adoption par les couples de même sexe Les personnes LGB autorisées à servir ouvertement dans l’armée Lois anti-discrimination concernant l’orientation sexuelle Lois concernant l’identité/l’expression de genre Algérie Illégal depuis 1966 Peine : jusqu’à 3 ans d’emprisonnement avec des amendes allant jusqu’à 10 000 dinars, [47] torture, [48] passages à tabac, [49] ou exécution par un justicier Îles Canaries ( Communauté autonome d’ Espagne ) Légal depuis 1979 + Décl. signe. [50] Unions de fait légales depuis 2003 [51] Légal depuis 2005 [52] Légal depuis 2005 [53] [54] L’Espagne responsable de la défense Interdit toute discrimination anti-gay [55] Depuis 2007, tous les documents peuvent être modifiés au genre reconnu [56] Ceuta ( ville autonome d’ Espagne ) Légal depuis 1979 + Décl. signe. [50] Union de fait depuis 1998 [57] Légal depuis 2005 [52] Légal depuis 2005 [53] L’Espagne responsable de la défense Interdit toute discrimination anti-gay Depuis 2007, tous les documents peuvent être modifiés au genre reconnu [56] Egypte Homme légal de jure , mais illégal de facto depuis 2000 Sanction : jusqu’à 17 ans d’emprisonnement avec ou sans travaux forcés et avec ou sans amendes en vertu de lois morales rédigées en termes généraux. [50] [58] Libye Illégal depuis 1953 Sanction : Jusqu’à 5 ans de prison ou la mort. [59] [60] Madère (région autonome du Portugal ) Légal depuis 1983 + Décl. signe. [50] Union de fait depuis 2001 [61] [62] Légal depuis 2010 [63] Légal depuis 2016 [64] [65] [66] Le Portugal responsable de la défense Interdit toute discrimination anti-gay. [55] Depuis 2011, tous les documents peuvent être modifiés au genre reconnu [67] Melilla ( ville autonome d’ Espagne ) Légal depuis 1979 + Décl. signe. [50] Union de fait depuis 2008 [68] Légal depuis 2005 [52] Légal depuis 2005 [53] L’Espagne responsable de la défense Interdit toute discrimination anti-gay [69] Depuis 2007, tous les documents peuvent être modifiés au genre reconnu [56] Maroc (y compris les Provinces du Sud ) Illégal depuis 1962 Sanction : Jusqu’à 3 à 5 ans d’emprisonnement avec travaux forcés. [50] [70] République arabe sahraouie démocratique (territoire contesté; à l’exclusion des provinces du sud ) Illégal depuis 1944 (dans le cadre de la province d’outre-mer du Sahara espagnol ) Peine : jusqu’à 3 ans d’emprisonnement. [50] [71] [72] Soudan du sud Illégal depuis 1899 (comme le Soudan anglo-égyptien ) Peine : Jusqu’à 10 ans d’emprisonnement. [50] [73] Interdiction constitutionnelle depuis 2011 [ citation nécessaire ] Les formes d’expression de genre sont criminalisées. Soudan Illégal depuis 1899 (sous le nom du Soudan anglo-égyptien ) Peine : réclusion à perpétuité pour une troisième infraction de relations sexuelles anales. [74] [75] Tunisie Illégal depuis 1913 (sous le protectorat français de Tunisie ) Peine : 3 ans d’emprisonnement. [50] [76] Légalisation proposée [77] Afrique de l’Ouest Droits LGBT dans : Activité sexuelle entre personnes de même sexe Reconnaissance des unions homosexuelles Mariage de même sexe Adoption par les couples de même sexe Les personnes LGB autorisées à servir ouvertement dans l’armée Lois anti-discrimination concernant l’orientation sexuelle Lois concernant l’identité/l’expression de genre Bénin Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country);[50][78] Age of consent discrepancy[50] Burkina Faso Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[50] Constitutional ban since 1991 Cape Verde Legal since 2004 + UN decl. sign.[50] Bans some anti-gay discrimination[50] Gambia Illegal since 1888 (as the Gambia Colony and Protectorate) Penalty: Up to Iife imprisonment.[50][79][73] Forms of gender expression criminalized since 2013[80] Ghana Male illegal since 1860s (as the Gold Coast) Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment. Female always legal[50][81][73] Guinea Illegal since 1988 Penalty: 6 months to 10 years imprisonment.[82] Guinea-Bissau Legal since 1993[50] + UN decl. sign. Ivory Coast Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country); Age of consent discrepancy[50] Liberia Illegal since 1976 Penalty: 1 year imprisonment.[50][83] Mali Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[50] Mauritania Illegal: Islamic Sharia Law is applied Penalty: Capital punishment for men, (not enforced); prison and a fine for women.[50][84] Niger Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country); Age of consent discrepancy[50] Nigeria Illegal under federal law since 1901 (as the Northern Nigeria Protectorate and the Southern Nigeria Protectorate) Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment. Death in the states of Bauchi, Borno, Gombe, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Niger, Sokoto, Yobe, and Zamfara.[50][85][73] Forms of gender expression criminalized in Sharia provinces. Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) Legal since 2001 + UN decl. sign.[50] Legal since 2017 Legal since 2017[86][87] Legal since 2017 UK responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination Senegal Illegal since 1966 Penalty: 1 to 5 years imprisonment.[50][88] Sierra Leone Male illegal since 1861 (as the Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate) Penalty: Up to life imprisonment (Not enforced). Female always legal + UN decl. sign.[50] Togo Illegal since 1884 (as Togoland) Penalty: Fine and 3 years imprisonment.[50][73] Central Africa LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Cameroon Illegal since 1972 Penalty: Fines to 5 years imprisonment.[50][73] or vigilante execution and torture[89] Central African Republic Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[50] Constitutional ban since 2016[90] Chad Illegal since 2017 Penalty: Between 3 months and 2 years in prison, with fines of 50,000 to 500,000 FCFA. (Penal Code, Chapter 2, Article 354) [91] Democratic Republic of the Congo Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[50] Constitutional ban since 2005 Republic of the Congo Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country); Age of consent discrepancy[50] Equatorial Guinea Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[50] Gabon Legal since 2020[92] + UN decl. sign. São Tomé and Príncipe Legal since 2012 + UN decl. sign.[50] Southeast Africa LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Burundi Illegal since 2009 Penalty: fine, and 3 months to 2 years imprisonment.[50][93] Constitutional ban since 2005 Kenya Illegal since 1897 (as the East Africa Protectorate) Penalty: up to 14 years imprisonment.[50][73] Constitutional ban since 2010[94] Rwanda Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[50] + UN decl. sign. Constitutional ban since 2003 Tanzania Illegal since 1864 (only Zanzibar) Illegal since 1899 Penalty: Up to life imprisonment.[50][73] Vigilante executions, beatings and torture[95][96] are also tolerated. Uganda Male illegal since 1894 Female illegal since 2000 Penalty: Life imprisonment. Beatings, torture, or vigilante execution are also common.[97] Constitutional ban since 2005 Horn of Africa LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Djibouti Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[50] Eritrea Illegal Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment.[50][98] or death[99] Beatings and torture are also tolerated.[100] Ethiopia Illegal Penalty: Up to 15 years.[50] Somalia Illegal. Penalty: Up to 3 years prison. Illegal. Penalty: Up to death in Jubaland.[citation needed] Somaliland (Disputed territory) Illegal since 1941 (as British Somaliland) Penalty: Up to 3 years prison, sometimes death sentences.[101] Indian Ocean states LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Comoros Illegal Penalty: 5 years imprisonment and fines.[50][102] French Southern and Antarctic Lands (Overseas territory of France) Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the territory)[50] Civil solidarity pact since 1999 Legal since 2013 Legal since 2013 France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination Under French law Madagascar Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country); Age of consent discrepancy[50] Mauritius Male illegal Penalty: Up to 5 years imprisonment. Female always legal[103] + UN decl. sign.[50][104] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[105][106] Mayotte (Overseas region of France) Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the region)[50] Civil solidarity pact since 1999 Legal since 2013 Legal since 2013 France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination Under French law Réunion (Overseas region of France) Legal since 1791[50] Civil solidarity pact since 1999 Legal since 2013 Legal since 2013 France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination Under French law Seychelles Legal since 2016[107] + UN decl. sign. Bans some anti-gay discrimination[50] Southern Africa LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Angola Legal since 2021 [108] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[109] May possibly change gender under the Código do Registro Civil 2015[110] Botswana Legal since 2019 [111] Bans some anti-gay discrimination Legal gender change recognized as a constitutional right since 2017[112] Eswatini Male illegal since the 1880s Female always legal[50][73] Lesotho Male legal since 2012 Female always legal[50] May possibly change gender under the National Identity Cards Act 9 of 2011[113] Malawi Illegal since 1891 (as British Central Africa Protectorate)[73] Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment, with or without corporal punishment for men up to 5 years imprisonment for women (rarely enforced; suspending moratorium legality disputed)[50][114][73] Men can’t have long hair. Mozambique Legal since 2015[115][116] Bans some anti-gay discrimination[50][105] Namibia Male illegal since 1920 (not enforced; repeal proposed)[73][117] Female always legal[50][118][119] Under the Births, Marriages and Deaths Registration Act 81 of 1963[120] South Africa Male legal since 1998 Female always legal + UN decl. sign.[50] Limited recognition of unregistered partnerships since 1998; same-sex marriage since 2006 Legal since 2006 Legal since 2002 Since 1998 Constitution bans all anti-gay discrimination Anti-discrimination laws are interpreted to include gender identity; legal gender may be changed after surgical or medical treatment Zambia Illegal since 1911 (as part of the British South Africa Company rule of Rhodesia) Penalty: up to 14 years imprisonment. (repeal proposed)[50][73] Zimbabwe Male illegal since 1891 (as part of the British South Africa Company rule of Rhodesia) Female legal[50][73] Constitutional ban since 2013[121]

Americas

List of countries or territories by LGBT rights in the Americas

Tables: view talk edit North America LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Bermuda (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) Legal since 1994 + UN decl. sign.[50] Domestic partnerships since 2018[122] Legal between November 2018 and March 2022 and between May 2017 and June 2018 Legal since 2015[123] UK responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[124] Canada Legal since 1969 + UN decl. sign.[50][125] Domestic partnerships in Nova Scotia (2001);[126] Civil unions in Quebec (2002);[127] Adult interdependent relationships in Alberta (2003);[128] Common-law relationships in Manitoba (2004)[129] Legal in some provinces and territories since 2003, nationwide since 2005[130] Legal in some provinces and territories since 1996, nationwide since 2011[131] Since 1992[132]; Includes transgender people[133] Bans all anti-gay discrimination. Ban on conversion therapy since 2022 nationwide Transgender people can change their gender and name without completion of medical intervention and human rights protections explicitly include gender identity or expression within all of Canada since 2017[134][135][136][137] Greenland (Autonomous Territory within the Kingdom of Denmark) Legal since 1933 + UN decl. sign.[50] Registered partnerships between 1996 and 2016 (Existing partnerships are still recognised.)[138] Legal since 2016 Stepchild adoption since 2009;[139] joint adoption since 2016[140] The Kingdom of Denmark responsible for defence Bans some anti-gay discrimination[50] Legal gender change and recognition possible without surgery or hormone therapy[141][142] Mexico Legal since 1871 + UN decl. sign.[50] / Civil unions in Mexico City (2007), Coahuila (2007),[143] Colima (between 2013 and 2016),[144] Campeche (2013),[145] Jalisco (between 2014 and 2018),[146] Michoacán (2015), Tlaxcala (2017), and Veracruz (2020) / Legal in Mexico City (2010),[147] Quintana Roo (2012),[148] Coahuila (2014), Chihuahua (2015), Nayarit (2015), Jalisco (2016), Campeche (2016), Michoacán (2016), Colima (2016), Morelos (2016), Chiapas (2017), Puebla (2017), Baja California (2017), Nuevo León (2019), Aguascalientes (2019), San Luis Potosí (2019), Hidalgo (2019), Baja California Sur (2019), Oaxaca (2019), Tlaxcala (2020), Querétaro (2021), Sinaloa (2021), Sonora (2021), Guanajuato (2021), Zacatecas (2021) and Yucatán (2022) All states are obliged to recognise same-sex marriages performed in states where it is legal.[147][149][150] The Supreme Court has declared that it is unconstitutional to deny marriage licenses to same-sex couples in all states,[151] but as state laws were not invalidated, individual injunctions must still be obtained from the courts[152][153] / Legal in Mexico City (2010),[154] Coahuila (2014), Chihuahua (2015), Jalisco (2016), Michoacán (2016), Colima (2016), Morelos (2016), Campeche (2016), Veracruz (2016), Baja California (2017), Querétaro (2017), Chiapas (2017), Puebla (2017),[155][156] Aguascalientes (2018), Nuevo León (2019), San Luis Potosí (2019)[157] and Hidalgo (2019)[158] (ambiguous) Bans all anti-gay discrimination[159] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal in Mexico City (2020), México (2020), Baja California Sur (2020), Colima (2021), Tlaxcala (2021), Yucatán (2021) and Zacatecas (2021) / Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name in Mexico City (2008),[160] Michoacán (2017), Nayarit (2017), Coahuila (2018), Hidalgo (2019), San Luis Potosí (2019), Colima (2019), Baja California (2019), Oaxaca (2019), Tlaxcala (2019), Chihuahua (2019), Sonora (2020), Jalisco (2020), Quintana Roo (2020), Puebla (2021), Baja California Sur (2021), México (2021), and Morelos (2021)[161] Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Overseas collectivity of France) Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil solidarity pact since 1999[162] Legal since 2013[163] Legal since 2013[164] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[69] Under French law[165] United States Legal in some states since 1962, nationwide since 2003 + UN decl. sign.[50] Domestic partnerships in California (1999), the District of Columbia (2002), Maine (2004), Washington (2007), Maryland (2008), Oregon (2008), Nevada (2009) and Wisconsin (2009). Civil unions in Vermont (2000), Connecticut (2005), New Jersey (2007), New Hampshire (2008), Illinois (2011), Rhode Island (2011), Delaware (2012), Hawaii (2012) and Colorado (2013). Legal in some states since 2004, nationwide since 2015 Legal in some states since 1993, nationwide since 2016 / Lesbians, gays, and bisexuals have been allowed to serve openly in the U.S. military since 2011, following the repeal of the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy. Transgender people have been allowed to serve openly since 2021.[166] Transvestites are currently banned from the military since 2012.[167] Most openly Intersex people may be banned from the military under the Armed Forces ban of “hermaphrodites”.[168] / Employment discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is prohibited nationwide since 2020. More extensive protections exist in 23 states, DC, and some municipalities. Conversion therapy for minors is banned in 20 states, DC, and some municipalities. Sexual orientation is covered by the federal hate crime law since 2009. / Since April 11, 2022 by legal self determination – gender X became available and recognized formally on US passports.[169] Gender change is legal on birth certificates (under varying conditions by state), in 48 states + DC. Nonbinary gender markers are available, under varying circumstances, in 25 states + DC. Employment discrimination on the basis of gender identity is prohibited nationwide since 2020. More extensive protections exist in 22 states, DC, and some municipalities. Gender identity is covered by the federal hate crime law since 2009. Central America LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Belize Legal since 2016[170] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[171][172][173] [174] Costa Rica Legal since 1971 + UN decl. sign.[50] Unregistered cohabitation since 2014[175][176] Legal since May 2020 Legal since May 2020[177] Has no military Bans all anti-gay discrimination[50] / Transgender persons can change their legal name without surgeries or judicial permission since 2018. Legal gender cannot be changed. Sex indicator removed from all ID cards issued since May 2018[178][179][180] One-time sex change allowed for passports. [181] El Salvador Legal since 1822 + UN decl. sign.[50] [182][183] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[182] [184] Bans discrimination based on gender identity. Guatemala Legal since 1871 + UN decl. sign.[50] Pending Bans some anti-gay discrimination [185] Honduras Legal since 1899 + UN decl. sign.[50] Constitutional ban on de facto unions since 2005 Constitutional ban since 2005;[186][187] court decision pending Constitutional ban since 2005 Bans all anti-gay discrimination[188] Nicaragua Legal since 2008 + UN decl. sign.[50] Bans some anti-gay discrimination[50] Panama Legal since 2008 + UN decl. sign.[50] Court decision pending Court decision pending Court decision pending Has no military Bans some anti-gay discrimination[189][190] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name after completion of medical intervention since 2006[191][192] Caribbean LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Anguilla (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) Legal since 2001 + UN decl. sign.[50] UK responsible for defence Antigua and Barbuda Illegal Penalty: 15-year prison sentence (Not enforced).[50] Aruba (Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country) + UN decl. sign.[50] Registered partnerships since 2016[193] / Same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands recognized[194] The Netherlands responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[195] Bahamas Legal since 1991; Age of consent discrepancy + UN decl. sign.[50] [50] Barbados Illegal Penalty: Life imprisonment (Not enforced).[50] Legalization proposed / Foreign Domestic Partnerships recognized for immigration purposes “Welcome Stamp”[196] Civil Unions proposed.[197] Bans some anti-gay discrimination[198] Bonaire (a special municipality of the Netherlands) Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities) + UN decl. sign.[50] [199] Legal since 2012[200] [201] The Netherlands responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[202] British Virgin Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) Legal since 2001 + UN decl. sign.[50] UK responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[203] Cayman Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) Legal since 2001; Age of consent discrepancy[50] + UN decl. sign. Civil Partnerships since 2020[204] Legal since 2020 UK responsible for defence Cuba Legal since 1979 + UN decl. sign.[50] Legalization pending [205] [50][206] Bans all anti-gay discrimination [207][208][209] Transgender people allowed to change gender after sex change operations[210] Curaçao (Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country) + UN decl. sign.[50] Pending / Same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands recognized[194] The Netherlands responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[211] Dominica Illegal Penalty: 10-year prison sentence or incarceration in a psychiatric institution (Not enforced). + UN decl. sign.[50] Dominican Republic Legal since 1822 + UN decl. sign.[50] Constitutional ban since 2010[citation needed] [212] Grenada Male illegal Penalty: 10-year prison sentence (Rarely enforced).[213] Female always legal[50] Has no military Guadeloupe (Overseas department of France) Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil solidarity pact since 1999[162] Legal since 2013[163] Legal since 2013[164] France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[69] Under French law[165] Haiti Legal since 1791 (as Saint-Domingue)[50] Has no military Jamaica Male illegal Penalty: 10 years and/or hard labor (Not enforced). Legalization proposed Female always legal.[50] Constitutional ban since 1962 Martinique (Overseas department of France) Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil solidarity pact since 1999[162] Legal since 2013[163] Legal since 2013[164] France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[69] Under French law[165] Montserrat (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) Legal since 2001 + UN decl. sign.[50] UK responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[214] Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States) Legal since 2003 Legal since 2015 Legal since 2015[215] Legal since 2015 United States responsible for defense[216][217] Bans some anti-gay discrimination Gender change legal since 2018; does not require surgery Saba (a special municipality of the Netherlands) Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities) + UN decl. sign.[50] [199] Legal since 2012[200] [201] The Netherlands responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[202] [218] Saint Barthélemy (Overseas collectivity of France) Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil solidarity pact since 1999[162] Legal since 2013[163] Legal since 2013[164] France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[69] Under French law[165] Saint Kitts and Nevis Male illegal Penalty: 10 years (Not enforced). Female always legal[50] Saint Lucia Male illegal Penalty: Fine and/or 10-year prison sentence (Not enforced). Legalization proposed Female always legal[50] Has no military Bans some anti-gay discrimination Saint Martin (Overseas collectivity of France) Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil solidarity pact since 1999[162] Legal since 2013[163] Legal since 2013[164] France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[69] Under French law[165] Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Illegal Penalty: Fine and/or 10-year prison sentence (Not enforced).[50] Legalization proposed Has no military Sint Eustatius (a special municipality of the Netherlands) Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the municipalities) + UN decl. sign.[50] [199] Legal since 2012[200] [201] The Netherlands responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[202] Sint Maarten (Constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands) Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country) + UN decl. sign.[50] / Same-sex marriages performed in the Netherlands recognized[194] The Netherlands responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[219] Trinidad and Tobago Legal since 2018[220] Turks and Caicos Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) Legal since 2001 + UN decl. sign.[50] UK responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[50] United States Virgin Islands (Territory of the United States) Legal since 1985 Legal since 2015[221] Legal since 2015[221] Legal since 2015[221] United States responsible for defense[216][217] South America LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Argentina Legal since 1887 + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil unions in Buenos Aires (2003),[222] Río Negro Province (2003),[223] Villa Carlos Paz (2007) and Río Cuarto (2009) Cohabitation unions nationwide since 2015[224] Legal since 2010[225] Legal since 2010 Since 2009[226] / Legal protection in some cities;[227] pending nationwide. Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2010 Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order since 2012[228] Transgender persons have a law reserving 1% of Argentina’s public sector jobs. Economic incentives included in the new law aim to help trans people find work in all sectors. [229] Bolivia Legal since 1832 + UN decl. sign.[50] [230] Family life agreement pending[231][232] Constitutional ban since 2009[233] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[234] Since 2015[235][236][237]; Includes transgender people[238] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[50] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order since 2016[239][240][241][242] Brazil Legal since 1831 + UN decl. sign.[50] “Stable unions” legal in some states since 2004; all rights as recognized family entities available nationwide since 2011[243][244] Legal in some states since 2012, nationwide since 2013[245][246] Legal since 2010[247] Since 1969[248] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[249] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 1999[250][251] Transgender people can change their legal gender and name before a notary without the need of surgeries or judicial order since 2018. The sex reassignment surgery, hormonal and psychological treatment are offered free of charge by the brazilian Unified Health System (UHS) [252][253][254] Chile Legal since 1999; Age of consent discrepancy + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil unions since 2015[255] Legal since 2022[256] Legal since 2022[256] Since 2012[257]; Includes transgender people[258] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[259] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2021 Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name since 1974. No surgeries or judicial order since 2019.[260] Colombia Legal since 1981 + UN decl. sign.[50] De facto marital union since 2007[261] Legal since 2016[262] Stepchild adoption since 2014;[263] joint adoption since 2015[264] Since 1999[50] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[265] Since 2015, transgender persons can change their legal gender and name manifesting their solemn will before a notar, no surgeries or judicial order required[266] Ecuador Legal since 1997 + UN decl. sign.[50] De facto unions since 2009[267][268] Legal since 2019[269] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[270] [271] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[272] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2014 Since 2016, transgender persons are allowed to change their birth name and gender identity; no surgeries or judicial order required[273][274][275] Falkland Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) Legal since 1989 + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil partnerships since 2017[276] Legal since 2017[276] Legal since 2017 UK responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[277] French Guiana (Overseas department of France) Legal since 1791 + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil solidarity pact since 1999[162] Legal since 2013[163] Legal since 2013[164] France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[69] Under French law[165] Guyana Illegal Penalty: Up to life imprisonment (Not enforced).[50] [278] [279] Paraguay Legal since 1880; Age of consent discrepancy + UN decl. sign.[50] Constitutional ban since 1992[280] Constitutional ban since 1992[281] [282] Peru Legal since 1924 + UN decl. sign.[50] Proposed[283] Proposed Since 2009[284] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[285][286][287][288][289] Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without the need for the completion of medical intervention since 2016. Judicial order required.[290][291] South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) Legal since 2001 + UN decl. sign. Legal since 2014[292] Legal since 2014[292] UK responsible for defence Suriname Legal since 1869 (as Dutch Guiana); Age of consent discrepancy Bans all anti-gay discrimination[293] Court decision pending[294][295] Uruguay Legal since 1934 + UN decl. sign.[50] Concubinage union since 2008[296] Legal since 2013[297] Legal since 2009[298] Since 2009[299] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[300] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2017 Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name without surgeries or judicial order required since 2009.[301] Self-determination since 2018. Venezuela Legal since 1997 + UN decl. sign.[50] Constitutional ban on de facto unions since 1999; Proposed Constitutional ban since 1999; court decision pending[302] Bans some anti-gay discrimination[50]

Asia

List of countries or territories by LGBT rights in Asia

This table: view talk edit Central Asia Learn more This section’s accessibility is in question. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Information on making articles more accessible can be found at WikiProject Accessibility. (August 2021) LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Afghanistan Illegal Penalty: Long imprisonment or death penalty (No known cases of death sentences have been handed out for same-sex sexual activity after the end of Taliban rule from 1996-2001).[50] Kazakhstan Legal since 1998[50] [303] Kyrgyzstan Legal since 1998[50] Constitutional ban since 2016[304] Requires sex reassignment surgery[305][303] Tajikistan Legal since 1998[50] Requires sex reassignment surgery[306][303] Turkmenistan Male illegal Penalty: up to 2 years imprisonment. Female always legal[50] Uzbekistan Illegal Penalty: up to 3 years imprisonment with fines. Torture, beatings and vigilante executions are also common.[307] Eurasia LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Abkhazia (Disputed territory) Legal after 1991 Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) Legal since 2000 + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil partnerships since 2005 Legal since 2014 UK responsible for defence Bans some anti-gay discrimination[308] Armenia Legal since 2003 + UN decl. sign.[50] Constitutional ban since 2015[309][310] [311] Artsakh (Disputed territory) Legal since 2000 Constitutional ban since 2006[312] Azerbaijan Legal since 2000[50] Cyprus Legal since 1998 + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil unions since 2015 Bans all anti-gay discrimination[313] / Gender identity and expression is protected from discrimination. Right to change legal gender proposed. Georgia Legal since 2000 + UN decl. sign.[50] Constitutional ban passed but yet to take effect Bans all anti-gay discrimination[314] Requires sterilization and sex reassignment surgery for change[315] Kazakhstan Legal since 1998[50] [316] Requires sex reassignment surgery, sterilization, hormone therapy and medical examinations[303] Northern Cyprus (Disputed territory) Legal since 2014[317][318][50] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[317][318] Russia Male legal since 1993 Female always legal[319][50] Illegal in practice in Chechnya, where homosexuals are abducted and sent to concentration camps based on their perceived sexual orientation. Constitutional ban since July 2020[citation needed] [citation needed] Requires sterilization and sex reassignment surgery for change[315] South Ossetia (Disputed territory) Legal after 1991 Turkey Legal since 1858[50] Proposed[320] [failed verification] Proposed[320] Requires sterilisation and sex reassignment surgery for change[321] West Asia LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Bahrain Legal since 1976[50] Sex change surgeries allowed since 2014, but no legal recognition.[322] Iran Illegal Penalty: 74 lashes for immature men and death penalty for mature men.(Although there are documented cases of minors executed because of their sexual orientation)[323] For women, 100 lashes for women of mature sound mind and if consenting. Death penalty offense after fourth conviction.[50] Legal gender recognition legal if accompanied by a medical intervention[324] Iraq Legal since 2003[325] Israel Legal since 1963 (de facto), 1988 (de jure)[326] + UN decl. sign.[50][327] Unregistered cohabitation since 1994. / Foreign same-sex marriages are recognized and recorded in the population registry Since 2008[328] Since 1993; Includes transgender people[329] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[330][331][332] Almost full recognition of gender’s ID without a surgery or medical intervention (Excluding changing gender and name in birth certificate) ;[333] equal employment opportunity law bars discrimination based on gender identity[334][335][336] Jordan Legal since 1951[50] Allowed since 2014[337] Kuwait Male illegal Penalty: Fines or up to 6-year prison sentence. Female always legal[50][338] Lebanon / Technically legal since 2017. Illegal under Article 534 of the Penal Code. Some judges have ruled not to prosecute individuals based on the law, however, this has not been settled by the Supreme Court and thus homosexuality is still illegal.[339] However, a 2017 court ruling claims that it is legal, but the law against it is still in place. Penalty: Up to 1 year imprisonment (rarely enforced). Legal gender change allowed, but sex reassignment surgery required[340] Oman Illegal Penalty: Fines and prison sentence up to 3 years (Only enforced when dealing with “public scandal”).[50] Laws against forms of gender expression. Palestine West Bank: Legal since 1951 (As part of Jordan)[50] Gaza: Male illegal Penalty: Up to 10 years imprisonment. Female always legal[50] Qatar Illegal Penalty: Fines, up to 7 years imprisonment[50] Saudi Arabia Illegal Penalty: Prison sentences of several months to life, fines, castration, torture or death can be sentenced on first conviction. A second conviction merits execution.[50] Laws against forms of gender expression. Syria Illegal in the Syrian Arab Republic Penalty: Up to 3 years imprisonment (Law de facto suspended)[341][50] Transgender people allowed to change legal gender United Arab Emirates Death, life in prison, floggings,[342] fines, deportation, chemical castration,[343][344] forced psychological treatments,[345] honor killings,[343] vigilante executions,[346][347] beatings,[348][349] forced anal examinations,[350] forced hormone injections,[351] and torture.[348][352] In September 2016, the Government passed Federal Decree No 4, a series of changes to reduce doctors’ criminal liability. The new law allows doctors to perform medical intervention on intersex people so as to “correct” their sex, effectively removing either the male or female genitalia. Sex reassignment surgery remains illegal. [353][354][355] Laws used to criminalize gender expression. Yemen Illegal Penalty: Unmarried men punished with 100 lashes of the whip or a maximum of one year of imprisonment, stoning for adultery is not enforced. Women punished up to three years of imprisonment; where the offense has been committed under duress, the punishment is up to seven years detention.[50] South Asia LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Bangladesh Illegal for males and females Penalty: 10 years to life imprisonment (Not enforced).[50] A third gender option (hijra) besides male and female is available[356] Bhutan Legal since 2021.[357] Proposed British Indian Ocean Territory (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) Legal since 2001 + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil partnerships since 2005 Legal since 2014 UK responsible for defense India Legal since 2018[358] Unregistered cohabitation recognised Proposed (under consideration) Proposed Proposed[359] Discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity prohibited nation-wide[360][361][362] A third gender option (hijra) besides male and female is available; transgender people have a constitutional right to change gender[363][362] Maldives Illegal Penalty: Up to 8 years imprisonment, house arrest, lashings and fines[364] Nepal Legal since 2007 + UN decl. sign.[50] Proposed Proposed Proposed Since 2007[citation needed] Bans all anti-gay discrimination / Change to third gender “O” legal since 2007, unable to change to male or female[365] Pakistan Illegal Penalty: 2 years to life sentence (Not enforced).[50] Transphobia illegal Homophobia/biphobia is not illegal Right to change gender; transgender and intersex citizens have legal protections from all discrimination and harassment[366] Sri Lanka Illegal under Article 365 Penalty: Up to 10 years in prison with fines, vigilante attacks, vigilante executions, torture, forced anal examinations, and beatings.[367][368] The threat of arrest is used as extortion against LGBT by police and government workers.[369][370] / Right to change legal gender is allowed, but surgery is rarely available throughout the medical facilities in the country.[371] East Asia LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of relationships Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression China Legal since 1997[50] / “Legal guardianship” since 2017 No policy explicitly bars LGBT people from serving, but they may face discriminations under “public mortality or order” or mental health- related laws and regulations. / Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery. However, it is difficult to change the gender information of educational attainments and academic degrees for lack of legal procedures, even after sex reassignment surgery[372], which has caused discrimination against well-educated trans women[373]. Hong Kong Legal since 1991[50] / Same-sex marriages registered overseas for government benefits and taxation, and limited recognition of local cohabiting partners LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[374] The central government of China is responsible for the defense of Hong Kong.[375] Bans some anti-gay discrimination (government discrimination only) Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery Japan Legal since 1880 + UN decl. sign.[50] * Symbolic recognition in some jurisdictions. Proposed The Japan Self-Defense Forces allow gay people to enlist.[376] / No nationwide protections, but some cities ban some anti-gay discrimination[50] Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery Macau Legal since 1996 The central government of China is responsible for the defence of Macau. Bans some anti-gay discrimination Mongolia Legal since 1961 + UN decl. sign.[50] Bans some anti-gay discrimination Transgender people allowed to change legal gender but only after sex reassignment surgery North Korea / De jure legal, punishable through Articles 193 and 262 regarding obscenity and decency laws.[dubious – discuss] Penalty: Unknown 10-year celibacy required.[377] South Korea Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in South Korea) + UN decl. sign.[50] / Protection from discrimination varies by jurisdiction in some areas, including Seoul Transgender people allowed to change legal gender but usually requires sex reassignment surgery Taiwan Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[378] [379] Legal since 2019[380][381][382] / Stepchild adoption only; joint adoption pending Constitutionally bans all anti-gay discrimination Transgender people allowed to change legal gender but only after sex reassignment surgery[383] Southeast Asia LGBT rights in Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of relationships Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Aceh (autonomous territory of Indonesia) Illegal Penalty: 100 strokes of the cane or 100 months in prison[384] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples The central government of Indonesia is responsible for the defense of Aceh. Follows the law of the central Indonesian government. Follows the law of the central Indonesian government. Brunei Illegal Penalty: Death penalty (in abeyance), imprisonment and 100 lashes for men. Caning and 10 years prison for women.[385] Laws prohibit forms of gender expression. Cambodia Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[50] / Partnerships recognized in certain cities There has been at least one recorded case of a legally registered and recognized same-sex marriage; constitutional ban since 1993 / Officially banned, but numerous same-sex adoptions have taken place East Timor Legal since 1975 + UN decl. sign.[50] Hate Crime Protections since 2009[386] Indonesia Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country, except in Aceh) [50][387] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples Not explicitly prohibited by Law (de jure), Illegal (de facto) Limited protection following legal process by the authorities.[388] Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery. Laos Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[50] Malaysia Illegal Penalty: fines, prison sentence (2-20 years), or whippings.[50][389] Generally impossible to change gender. However, a 2016 court ruling recognizes gender changes as fundamental constitutional rights[390] Forms of gender expression are criminalized. Myanmar Illegal Penalty: Up to 20 years in prison (Not enforced).[50] Philippines Legal + UN decl. sign. [391][50][392] Pending[391] Pending[393] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[394] Since 2009 / In certain cities and provinces,[395] including Cebu City,[396] Quezon City, and Davao City;[397][398] National bill pending Singapore Male illegal Penalty: up to 2 years prison sentence (not enforced) Female legal since 2007[50] / Due to conscription, but gays are not allowed to go to command school or serve in sensitive units Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery Thailand Legal since 1956 + UN decl. sign.[50] Pending[399] Pending[400] Since 2005 Bans all anti-gay discrimination Bill pending to allow transgender people to legally change gender after sex reassignment surgery.[401] Anti-discrimination protections for gender expression.[389] Vietnam Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country)[50] + UN decl. sign.[50] LGBT individuals may adopt, not same-sex couples[402] Irrespective of one’s sexual orientation Gender changes recognized and officially practised since 2017;[403][404] previously, gender changes were only allowed for persons of congenital sex defects and unidentifiable sex

Europe

List of countries or territories by LGBT rights in Europe

Tables: view talk edit European Union Main article: LGBT rights in the European Union Learn more This section’s accessibility is in question. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Information on making articles more accessible can be found at WikiProject Accessibility. (August 2021) LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression European Union Legal in all 27 member states[405] / Recognized in 21/27 member states / Legal in 13/27 member states / Stepchild adoption legal in 17/27 member states; joint adoption legal in 14/27 member states Legal in all member states Membership requires a state to ban anti-gay discrimination in employment. 4/27 states ban some anti-gay discrimination. 23/27 states ban all anti-gay discrimination / Legal in 24/27 member states[406] Central Europe Learn more This section’s accessibility is in question. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Information on making articles more accessible can be found at WikiProject Accessibility. (August 2021) LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Austria Legal since 1971[50] + UN decl. sign. Registered partnerships since 2010[407] Legal since 2019[408] Stepchild adoption since 2013; joint adoption since 2016[409][410][411] Includes transgender people[412] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] Transgender people allowed to change gender without undergoing surgery[315] Czech Republic Legal since 1962 (As part of Czechoslovakia) + UN decl. sign.[50] Registered partnerships since 2006[414] LGBT individuals in a registered partnership may adopt[415] Includes transgender people[416] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] Legal recognition after sex reassignment surgery (with mandatory sterilisation)[417] Germany Legal in East Germany since 1968 Legal in West Germany since 1969 + UN decl. sign.[50][418] Registered life partnerships from 2001 to 2017 (existing partnerships and new foreign partnerships still recognised)[419][420] Legal since 2017[421] Stepchild adoption since 2005; successive adoption since 2013; joint adoption legal since 2017[421] Includes transgender people[422] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[423] Gender change is legal; surgery not required[424] Hungary Legal since 1962 + UN decl. sign.[50] Registered partnerships since 2009[425] Constitutional ban since 2012[426][427][428][429] Constitutional ban since 2020[430][427] [citation needed] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] Forbids discrimination based on gender identity Transgender people are not allowed to change gender since 2020.[431] Liechtenstein Legal since 1989 + UN decl. sign.[50] Registered partnerships since 2011[432] Pending[433] / Stepchild adoption since 2021[434] Has no military Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] Gender change is not legal[417] Poland Always legal (Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austria-Hungarian Empire partitions rules remained in power since 1932) + UN decl. sign.[50] / Unregistered cohabitation since 2012; registered partnership proposed 2019 Constitutional ban since 1997[435] (Article 18 of the Constitution is generally interpreted as limiting marriage to opposite-sex couples[436][437][438][439][440][441])[b] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[443] Bans some anti-gay discrimination[413] Transgender people allowed to change gender but require undergoing medical treatment such as HRT or surgery. No provisions for nonbinary people. Slovakia Legal since 1962 (As part of Czechoslovakia) + UN decl. sign.[50] / some limited rights for unregistered cohabiting same-sex couples since 2018; Limited residency rights for married same-sex couples since 2018 LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[444] [citation needed] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[445][446] Requires sterilisation for change[417] Slovenia Legal since 1977 (As part of Yugoslavia) + UN decl. sign.[50] Registered partnerships since 2006[447]; Registered cohabitation since 2017[448] / Stepchild adoption since 2011[449] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] Gender change is legal[450] Switzerland Legal nationwide since 1942 Legal in the cantons of Geneva (as part of France), Ticino, Valais, and Vaud since 1798 + UN decl. sign.[50][451] Registered partnerships in Geneva (2001),[452] Zürich (2003),[453] Neuchâtel (2004)[454] and Fribourg (2005)[454] Nationwide since 2007[455] /will be legal from July 2022[456] Stepchild adoption since 2018[457] / Joint adoption will be legal from July 2022[456] Includes transgender people[458] Bans all anti-gay discrimination [459] Gender change is legal on simple declaration (self-determination +16 yo); surgery/sterilisation not required. [460] Eastern Europe LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Abkhazia (Disputed territory) Legal after 1991 Armenia Legal since 2003 + UN decl. sign.[50] Constitutional ban since 2015[461][462] [463] Artsakh (Disputed territory) Legal since 2000 Constitutional ban since 2006[464] Azerbaijan Legal since 2000[50] Belarus Legal since 1994[50] Constitutional ban since 1994[465] / Banned from military service during peacetime, but during wartime homosexuals are permitted to enlist as partially able[466] Georgia Legal since 2000 + UN decl. sign.[50] Constitutional ban since 2018 Bans all anti-gay discrimination[467] Requires sterilisation and surgery for change[417] Moldova Legal since 1995 + UN decl. sign.[50] Constitutional ban since 1994[468] [citation needed] Bans some anti-gay discrimination[413] No longer requires sterilisation or surgery for change since 2017[417] Romania Legal since 1996 + UN decl. sign.[50] / Limited residency rights for married same-sex couples since 2018;[469] Civil unions proposed[470] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[471] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] Legal recognition after sex reassignment surgery (sterilisation mandatory)[417] Russia Male legal since 1993 Female always legal[472][50] Illegal in practice in Chechnya, where homosexuals are abducted and sent to concentration camps based on their perceived sexual orientation. Constitutional ban since 2020 Requires sex reassignment surgery to legally change gender. South Ossetia (Disputed territory) Legal after 1991 Transnistria (Disputed territory) Legal since 2002[473] Ukraine Legal since 1991 + UN decl. sign.[50] Constitutional ban since 1996[474] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[475] [476] [failed verification] Bans some anti-gay discrimination[477] No longer requires sterilisation or surgery for change since 2016 Northern Europe LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Denmark Legal since 1933 + UN decl. sign.[50] Registered partnerships from 1989 to 2012 (existing partnerships are still recognised)[478] Legal since 2012[479][480] Stepchild adoption since 1999; joint adoption since 2010[481][482] Includes transgender people[483] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] Legal gender change and recognition possible without surgery or hormone therapy[484] Estonia Legal since 1992 + UN decl. sign.[50] Cohabitation agreement since 2016[485] Marriage performed abroad was recognized between 2016 and 2019[486] / Stepchild adoption since 2016; couples where both partners are infertile may also jointly adopt non-biological children since 2016 [citation needed] Includes transgender people[487] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] Gender reassignment legal; surgery not required[417] Faroe Islands (Autonomous Territory within the Kingdom of Denmark) Legal since 1933 + UN decl. sign.[50] Legal since 2017[488][489] Legal since 2017 The Kingdom of Denmark responsible for defence Bans some anti-gay discrimination[490][491] [492] Finland (includes Åland) Legal since 1971 + UN decl. sign.[50] Registered partnerships from 2002 to 2017 (existing partnerships are still recognised)[493] Legal since 2017[494] Stepchild adoption since 2009; joint adoption since 2017 Includes transgender people[495] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] Legal change and recognition is possible only with sterilisation[496] Iceland Legal since 1940 (As part of Denmark) + UN decl. sign.[50] Registered cohabitation since 2006;[497] Registered partnerships from 1996 to 2010 (existing partnerships are still recognised)[498] Legal since 2010[499][500] Legal since 2006[501][502] No standing army Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] Documents can be amended to the recognised gender, sterilisation not required[503][417] Latvia Legal since 1992 + UN decl. sign.[50] / Limited residency rights for married same-sex couples since 2018 Constitutional ban since 2006[504] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples, incl. stepchild adoption[505] [506] Bans some anti-gay discrimination[507] Legal change allowed[508] but requires “full” transition and doctor’s or court’s approval.[509] Sterilization required.[510] Lithuania Legal since 1993 + UN decl. sign.[50] / Limited residency rights for married same-sex couples since 2018; Cohabitation agreement pending [511] Constitutional ban since 1992[512] Only married couples can adopt[513] [citation needed] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] Effective from 2/2/2022, gender change on legal documents permitted without surgery and no non-binary option available.[514][515] Norway Legal since 1972 + UN decl. sign.[50] Registered partnerships from 1993 to 2009 (existing partnerships are still recognised)[516] Legal since 2009[517][518] Stepchild adoption since 2002; joint adoption since 2009[519][520] Includes transgender people[521] Discrimination based on sexual orientation illegal[522] All documents can be amended to the recognised gender[315] Sweden Legal since 1944 + UN decl. sign.[50] Registered partnerships from 1995 to 2009 (existing partnerships are still recognised)[523] Legal since 2009[524] Legal since 2003[525][526] [527] Includes transgender people[528] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] [529] Southern Europe LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) Legal since 2000 + UN decl. sign.[50][530][531] Since 2005, for members of the British Armed Forces[532] Since 2014, for members of the British Armed Forces[533] UK responsible for defence Bans some anti-gay discrimination[534] Albania Legal since 1995 + UN decl. sign.[50] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] No legal recognition[417] Andorra Legal since 1990 + UN decl. sign.[50] Stable unions since 2005[535]; Civil unions since 2014[536] (Pending) Legal since 2014[537][536][538] Has no military Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] No legal recognition[417] Bosnia and Herzegovina Legal since 1996 in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Republika Srpska since 1998, and in Brčko District since 2003 + UN decl. sign.[50] [citation needed] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] Requires surgery for change[539] Bulgaria Legal since 1968 + UN decl. sign.[50] / Limited residency rights for married same-sex couples since 2018 Constitutional ban since 1991[540] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[541] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] Forbids discrimination based on gender identity.[542][543] Transgender people are not allowed to change gender since 2017.[544][545] Croatia Legal since 1977 (As part of Yugoslavia) + UN decl. sign.[50] Life partnerships since 2014[546] Constitutional ban since 2013[547] Partner-guardianship (similar to stepchild adoption) since 2014;[548] joint adoption since 2021[citation needed] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413][549] Act on the elimination of discrimination bans all discrimination based on both gender identity and gender expression. Gender change is regulated by special policy issued by Ministry of Health.[550] Cyprus Legal since 1998 + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil cohabitation since 2015[551] [552] Bans some anti-gay discrimination[413] Forbids some discrimination based on gender identity.[553] Gender change is not legal. Gibraltar (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) Legal since 1993 + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil partnerships since 2014[554] Legal since 2016[555] Legal since 2014 UK responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[556] Forbids discrimination on the grounds of gender reassignment[556] Gender change is not legal Greece Legal since 1951 + UN decl. sign.[50] Cohabitation agreements since 2015[557] Same-sex couples in a civil partnership may become foster parents;[558] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] Under the Legal Gender Recognition Act 2017[559][560] Italy Legal since 1890 + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil unions since 2016[561] In 2018 the Supreme Court ruled that same-sex marriages performed abroad must be registered as civil unions (Legalisation proposed)[562] / Stepchild adoption admitted by the Court of Cassation since 2016[563][564] Bans some anti-gay discrimination[413] Legal recognition and documents can be amended to the recognised gender, sterilisation not required[565][566] Kosovo (Disputed territory) Legal since 1994 (as part of Yugoslavia)[50] [567] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples[568][569] [citation needed] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[570] Forbids discrimination based on gender identity. No legal recognition[417] Malta Legal since 1973 + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil unions since 2014[571] Legal since 2017 Legal since 2014 Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2016 Transgender people allowed to change gender; surgery not required since 2015[572] Montenegro Legal since 1977 (As part of Yugoslavia) + UN decl. sign.[50] Life partnership from July 2021[573] Constitutional ban since 2007[574][575] [citation needed] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] Requires sterilisation and surgery for change[315][417] North Macedonia Legal since 1996 + UN decl. sign.[50] [citation needed] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] Forbids discrimination based on gender identity. Gender change is legally recognized since 2021 Northern Cyprus (Disputed territory) Legal since 2014[576][577][50] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[576][577] Legal, requires surgery for change[578] Portugal Legal since 1983 + UN decl. sign.[50] De facto unions since 2001[579][580] Legal since 2010[581] Legal since 2016[582][583][584] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] All documents can be amended to the recognised gender since 2011[585] San Marino Legal since 1865 + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil unions since 2019 / Stepchild adoption legal since 2019 Bans all anti-gay discrimination No legal recognition[315] Serbia Legal from 1858, when nominally a vassal of the Ottoman Empire to 1860,[586] and again since 1994 (As part of Yugoslavia) + UN decl. sign.[50] Constitutional ban since 2006[587] LGBT individuals may adopt, but not same-sex couples Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] Legal after 1 year of hormone therapy, surgery no longer required since 2019[588] Spain Legal since 1979 + UN decl. sign.[50] De facto unions in Catalonia (1998),[589] Aragon (1999),[589] Navarre (2000),[589] Castile-La Mancha (2000),[589] Valencia (2001),[590] the Balearic Islands (2001),[591] Madrid (2001),[589] Asturias (2002),[592] Castile and León (2002),[593] Andalusia (2002),[589] the Canary Islands (2003),[589] Extremadura (2003),[589] Basque Country (2003),[589] Cantabria (2005),[594] Galicia (2008)[595] La Rioja (2010),[596] and Murcia (2018),[597][598] and in both autonomous cities; Ceuta (1998)[599] and Melilla (2008).[600] Legal since 2005[601] Legal since 2005[602][603] Includes transgender people[604] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal in Andalusia, Aragon, Madrid, Murcia and Valencia Since 2007, all documents can be amended to the recognised gender[605] Turkey Legal since 1858[50] Legal since 1988, requires sterilisation and surgery for change[606] Vatican City Legal since 1890 (As part of Italy)[50] N/A Has no military Western Europe LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Belgium Legal nationwide since 1795 + UN decl. sign.[50] Legal cohabitation since 2000[607] Legal since 2003[608][609][610] Legal since 2006[611][612] Includes transgender people[613] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] Since 2018, sex changes do not require sterilisation and surgery[614] France Legal nationwide since 1791 Legal in Savoy since 1792 + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil solidarity pact since 1999[615] Legal since 2013[616] Legal since 2013[617] Includes transgender people[618] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[413] Since 2017, sex changes no longer requires sterilisation and surgery[619] Guernsey (Crown Dependency of the United Kingdom) Legal since 1983 + UN decl. sign.[620][621][50] Civil partnerships performed in the UK abroad recognised for succession purposes in inheritance and other matters respecting interests in property since 2012[622][623][624] Legal cohabitation since 2017[625] Legal since 2017 in Guernsey, since 2018 in Alderney, and since 2020 in Sark[626] [627] Legal since 2017[628] UK responsible for defence Bans some anti-gay discrimination[629] Legal gender changes since 2007[630][631] Ireland Male legal since 1993 Female always legal + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil partnerships from 2011 to 2015 (existing partnerships are still recognised)[632] Legal since 2015 after a constitutional referendum[633] Legal since 2017[634][635][636][637][638][639] Includes transgender people[640] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[641][642][643] Under the Gender Recognition Act 2015[644] Isle of Man (Crown Dependency of the United Kingdom) Legal since 1992 + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil partnerships since 2011[645] Legal since 2016[646] Legal since 2011 UK responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[647] Transgender people are allowed to change their legal gender and to have their new gender recognised as a result of the Gender Recognition Act 2009 (c.11)[648][649] Jersey (Crown Dependency of the United Kingdom) Legal since 1990 + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil partnerships since 2012[650] Legal since 2018[651][652] Legal since 2012 UK responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination[653] Under the Gender Recognition (Jersey) Law 2010[654] Luxembourg Legal since 1795 + UN decl. sign.[50] Registered partnerships since 2004[655] Legal since 2015[656][657] Legal since 2015[658] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[659] No divorce, sterilization and/or surgery legally required since September 2018 for change of gender[660][417] Monaco Legal since 1793 + UN decl. sign.[50] Cohabitation agreements since 2020 France responsible for defence Bans some anti-gay discrimination[50] Netherlands Legal since 1811 + UN decl. sign.[50] Registered partnership since 1998[661] Legal since 2001[662] Legal since 2001[663][664] Includes transgender people[665] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[666] Since 2014, sex changes do not require sterilisation and surgery[667][668] United Kingdom Female always legal. Male legal in England and Wales since 1967, in Scotland since 1981, and in Northern Ireland since 1982 + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil partnerships since 2005[669] Legal in England, Wales, and Scotland since 2014, and Northern Ireland since 2020[670][670] Legal in England and Wales since 2005, in Scotland since 2009 and Northern Ireland since 2013[671][672][673] Since 2000; Includes transgender people[674] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[675][50][676] Under the Gender Recognition Act 2004

Oceania

List of countries or territories by LGBT rights in Oceania

Tables: view talk edit Australasia LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGBT people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Australia (including territories of Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands Always legal for women. Male legal in some states and territories since 1975, nationwide since 1997. Tasmania was the last state to legalise male homosexuality + UN decl. sign.[50] Unregistered cohabitation nationally since 2009; Domestic partnerships in Tasmania (2004),[677] South Australia (2007),[678] Victoria (2008),[679] New South Wales (2010),[680] and Queensland (2012);[681] Civil unions in the Australian Capital Territory (2012)[682] Legal since 2017[683] Legal nationwide since 2018 Gay men and lesbians since 1992[684]; Transgender and intersex people since 2010[685] Bans all anti-gay discrimination.[686] (However both NSW and QLD legally require sex reassignment surgery to change sex on a birth certificate).[687][688][686] New Zealand Legal since 1986 + UN decl. sign.[50] Unregistered cohabitation since 2002; Civil unions since 2005 Legal since 2013[689] Legal since 2013[689] Since 1993; Includes transgender people[690] Bans all anti-gay discrimination Covered under the “sex discrimination” provision of the Human Rights Act 1993; From July 2023, change of sex on a birth certificate by self-determination.[691][692] Melanesia LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Fiji Legal since 2010 + UN decl. sign.[693][50] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[50] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2010 New Caledonia (Special collectivity of France) Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the collectivity) + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil solidarity pact since 2009[694] Legal since 2013 Legal since 2013 France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination Under French law Papua New Guinea Male illegal Penalty: 3 to 14 years imprisonment (Not enforced). Female always legal[50] Solomon Islands Illegal Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment (Not enforced).[50] Has no military [695] Vanuatu Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed since independence[696]) + UN decl. sign.[50] Bans some anti-gay discrimination West Papua and Papua provinces (melanesian territories of Indonesia) Legal Under Indonesian law Micronesia LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression Guam (Unincorporated territory of the United States) Legal since 1978 Since 2015 Legal since 2015 Legal since 2002 United States responsible for defense[697][698] Bans some anti-gay discrimination Allowed to legally change gender, but requires sex reassignment surgery Micronesia Legal + UN decl. sign.[50] Has no military Bans all anti-gay discrimination[699] Kiribati Male illegal Penalty: 5-14 years imprisonment (Not enforced). Female legal[50] Has no military Bans some anti-gay discrimination Marshall Islands Legal since 2005 + UN decl. sign.[50] Has no military Bans all anti-gay discrimination[700] Nauru Legal since 2016[701][702] + UN decl. sign. Has no military Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2016 Northern Mariana Islands (Unincorporated territory of the United States) Legal since 1983 Since 2015 Legal since 2015 Legal since 2015 United States responsible for defense[697][698] Bans some anti-gay discrimination[703][704] Under the Vital Statistics Act of 2006 Palau Legal since 2014 + UN decl. sign.[705] Constitutional ban since 2008 Has no military United States Minor Outlying Islands (Unincorporated territories of the United States) Legal Legal Legal United States responsible for defense[697][698] Polynesia LGBT rights in: Same-sex sexual activity Recognition of same-sex unions Same-sex marriage Adoption by same-sex couples LGB people allowed to serve openly in military? Anti-discrimination laws concerning sexual orientation Laws concerning gender identity/expression American Samoa (Unincorporated territory of the United States)[706] Legal since 1980 [707] United States responsible for defense[697][698] [708] Cook Islands (Part of the Realm of New Zealand) Male illegal Penalty: 5-14 years imprisonment (Not enforced). Legalization pending[709] Female legal + UN decl. sign.[50] New Zealand responsible for defence Bans some anti-gay discrimination[710] Easter Island (Special territory of Chile) Legal since 1999; Age of consent discrepancy + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil unions since 2015[711] Since 2022[256] Since 2022[256] Chile responsible for defence[712][713] Bans all anti-gay discrimination[714] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2021 Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name since 1974. No surgeries or judicial order since 2019.[715] French Polynesia (Overseas collectivity of France) Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the collectivity) + UN decl. sign.[50] Since 2013 Legal since 2013 Legal since 2013 France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination Under French law Hawaii (Constituent state of the United States) Since 1972 Since 1997 Since 2013 Since 2012 United States responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination Niue (Part of the Realm of New Zealand) Male illegal Penalty: 5-10 years imprisonment.[716] Female legal + UN decl. sign.[50] New Zealand responsible for defence Pitcairn Islands (Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom) Legal since 2001 + UN decl. sign.[50] Since 2015 Legal since 2015[717] Legal since 2015[718] UK responsible for defence Constitutional ban on all anti-gay discrimination[719] Samoa Male illegal Penalty: 5-7 years imprisonment (Not enforced). Female always legal + UN decl. sign.[50] Has no military Bans some anti-gay discrimination[720] Pathologization or attempted treatment of sexual orientation by mental health professionals illegal since 2007 Samoa has a large transgender or “third-gender” community called the fa’afafine. They are a recognized part of traditional Samoan customs. Tokelau (Dependent territory of the Realm of New Zealand) Legal since 2003[721] + UN decl. sign.[50] New Zealand responsible for defence Tonga Male illegal Penalty: Up to 10 years imprisonment (Not enforced). Female always legal[50] Tuvalu Male illegal Penalty: Up to 14 years imprisonment (Not enforced). Female legal + UN decl. sign.[50] Has no military Bans some anti-gay discrimination Wallis and Futuna (Overseas collectivity of France) Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the collectivity) + UN decl. sign.[50] Civil solidarity pact since 2009 Legal since 2013 Legal since 2013 France responsible for defence Bans all anti-gay discrimination Under French law

See also

• LGBT portal
• Geography portal

• Biphobia
• Buggery
• Civil union
• Heterosexism
• Homophobia
• International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
• Intersex human rights
• LGBT in Islam
• LGBT people in prison
• List of human rights articles by country
• List of LGBT rights articles by region
• List of transgender-rights organizations
• Movements for civil rights
• Religion and homosexuality
• Right of asylum: protected grounds
• Same-sex marriage
• Sexual revolution
• Socialism and LGBT rights
• Societal attitudes toward homosexuality
• Status of same-sex marriage
• Transphobia
• Violence against LGBT people
• Yogyakarta Principles

Notes

1. ^ Legal nationwide, except in the province of Aceh
2. ^ In January 2019, a lower administrative court in Warsaw ruled that the language in Article 18 of the Constitution does not explicitly ban same-sex marriage.^[442]

References

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25. ^ Williams, Roman Homosexuality, pp. 214–215; Richlin, “Not before Homosexuality,” passim.
26. ^ Catharine Edwards, The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome (Cambridge University Press, 1993), pp. 63–64.
27. ^ As recorded in a fragment of the speech De Re Floria by Cato the Elder (frg. 57 Jordan = Aulus Gellius 9.12.7), noted and discussed by Richlin, “Not before Homosexuality,” p. 561.
28. ^ Richlin, “Not before Homosexuality,” pp. 562–563. See also Digest 48.5.35 [34] on legal definitions of rape that included boys.
29. ^ Under the Lex Aquilia. See McGinn, Prostitution, Sexuality, and the Law in Ancient Rome, p. 314.
30. ^ McGinn, Prostitution, Sexuality and the Law in Ancient Rome, p. 40.
31. ^ Sara Elise Phang, Roman Military Service: Ideologies of Discipline in the Late Republic and Early Principate (Cambridge University Press, 2008), p. 93.
32. ^ Polybius, Histories 6.37.9 Archived 21 February 2022 at the Wayback Machine (translated as bastinado).
33. ^ Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers, pp. 280–285.
34. ^ Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers, p. 3.
35. ^ Williams, Roman Homosexuality, p. 112 et passim.
36. ^ Phang, The Marriage of Roman Soldiers, pp. 285–292. Archived 5 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine
37. ^ Juvenal, Satire 2; Williams, Roman Homosexuality, p. 28.
38. ^ Suetonius Life of Nero 28–29; Williams, Roman Homosexuality, p. 279ff.
39. ^ Michael Groneberg, “Reasons for Homophobia: Three Types of Explanation,” in Combatting Homophobia: Experiences and Analyses Pertinent to Education (LIT Verlag, 2011), p. 193.
40. ^ Codex Theodosianus 9.7.3 (4 December 342), introduced by the sons of Constantine in 342.
41. ^ Groneberg, “Reasons for Homophobia,” p. 193.
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436. ^ Judgment of the Supreme Court of 7 July 2004, II KK 176/04, W dotychczasowym orzecznictwie Sądu Najwyższego, wypracowanym i ugruntowanym zarówno w okresie obowiązywania poprzedniego, jak i obecnego Kodeksu postępowania karnego, a także w doktrynie (por. wypowiedzi W. Woltera, A. Zolla, A. Wąska), pojęcie “wspólne pożycie” odnoszone jest wyłącznie do konkubinatu, a w szczególności do związku osób o różnej płci, odpowiadającego od strony faktycznej stosunkowi małżeństwa (którym w myśl art. 18 Konstytucji jest wyłącznie związek osób różnej płci). Tego rodzaju interpretację Sąd Najwyższy, orzekający w niniejszej sprawie, w pełni podziela i nie znajduje podstaw do uznania za przekonywujące tych wypowiedzi pojawiających się w piśmiennictwie, w których podejmowane są próby kwestionowania takiej interpretacji omawianego pojęcia i sprowadzania go wyłącznie do konkubinatu (M. Płachta, K. Łojewski, A.M. Liberkowski). Rozumiejąc bowiem dążenia do rozszerzającej interpretacji pojęcia “wspólne pożycie”, użytego w art. 115 § 11 k.k., należy jednak wskazać na całkowity brak w tym względzie dostatecznie precyzyjnych kryteriów.
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438. ^ “Judgment of the Constitutional Tribunal of 9 November 2010, SK 10/08”. W doktrynie prawa konstytucyjnego wskazuje się nadto, że jedyny element normatywny, dający się odkodować z art. 18 Konstytucji, to ustalenie zasady heteroseksualności małżeństwa.
439. ^ “Judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of Poland of 25 October 2016, II GSK 866/15”. Ustawa o świadczeniach zdrowotnych finansowanych ze środków publicznych nie wyjaśnia, co prawda, kto jest małżonkiem. Pojęcie to zostało jednak dostatecznie i jasno określone we wspomnianym art. 18 Konstytucji RP, w którym jest mowa o małżeństwie jako o związku kobiety i mężczyzny. W piśmiennictwie podkreśla się, że art. 18 Konstytucji ustala zasadę heteroseksualności małżeństwa, będącą nie tyle zasadą ustroju, co normą prawną, która zakazuje ustawodawcy zwykłemu nadawania charakteru małżeństwa związkom pomiędzy osobami jednej płci (vide: L. Garlicki Komentarz do art. 18 Konstytucji, s. 2-3 [w:] Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Komentarz, Wydawnictwo Sejmowe, Warszawa 2003). Jest wobec tego oczywiste, że małżeństwem w świetle Konstytucji i co za tym idzie – w świetle polskiego prawa, może być i jest wyłącznie związek heteroseksualny, a więc w związku małżeńskim małżonkami nie mogą być osoby tej samej płci.
440. ^ “Judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court of Poland of 28 February 2018, II OSK 1112/16”. art. 18 Konstytucji RP, który definiuje małżeństwo jako związek kobiety i mężczyzny, a tym samym wynika z niego zasada nakazująca jako małżeństwo traktować w Polsce jedynie związek heteroseksualny.
441. ^ * Gallo D; Paladini L; Pustorino P, eds. (2014). Same-Sex Couples before National, Supranational and International Jurisdictions. Berlin: Springer. p. 215. ISBN 978-3-642-35434-2. the drafters of the 1997 Polish Constitution included a legal definition of a marriage as the union of a woman and a man in the text of the constitution in order to ensure that the introduction of same-sex marriage would not be passed without a constitutional amendment.
     • Marek Safjan; Leszek Bosek, eds. (2016). Konstytucja RP. Tom I. Komentarz do art. 1-86. Warszawa: C.H. Beck Wydawnictwo Polska. ISBN 9788325573652. Z przeprowadzonej powyżej analizy prac nad Konstytucją RP wynika jednoznacznie, że zamieszczenie w art. 18 Konstytucji RP zwrotu definicyjnego “związek kobiety i mężczyzny” stanowiło reakcję na fakt pojawienia się w państwach obcych regulacji poddającej związki osób tej samej płci regulacji zbliżonej lub zbieżnej z instytucją małżeństwa. Uzupełniony tym zwrotem przepis konstytucyjny “miał pełnić rolę instrumentu zapobiegającego wprowadzeniu takiej regulacji do prawa polskiego” (A. Mączyński, Konstytucyjne podstawy prawa rodzinnego, s. 772). Innego motywu jego wprowadzenia do Konstytucji RP nie da się wskazać (szeroko w tym zakresie B. Banaszkiewicz, “Małżeństwo jako związek kobiety i mężczyzny”, s. 640 i n.; zob. też Z. Strus, Znaczenie artykułu 18 Konstytucji, s. 236 i n.). Jak zauważa A. Mączyński istotą tej regulacji było normatywne przesądzenie nie tylko o niemożliwości unormowania w prawie polskim “małżeństw pomiędzy osobami tej samej płci”, lecz również innych związków, które mimo tego, że nie zostałyby określone jako małżeństwo miałyby spełniać funkcje do niego podobną (A. Mączyński, Konstytucyjne podstawy prawa rodzinnego, s. 772; tenże, Konstytucyjne i międzynarodowe uwarunkowania, s. 91; podobnie L. Garlicki, Artykuł 18, w: Garlicki, Konstytucja, t. 3, uw. 4, s. 2, który zauważa, że w tym zakresie art. 18 nabiera “charakteru normy prawnej”).
     • Scherpe JM, ed. (2016). European Family Law Volume III: Family Law in a European Perspective Family. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 121. ISBN 978-1-78536-304-7. Constitutional bans on same-sex marriage are now applicable in ten European countries: Article 32, Belarus Constitution; Article 46 Bulgarian Constitution; Article L Hungarian Constitution, Article 110, Latvian Constitution; Article 38.3 Lithuanian Constitution; Article 48 Moldovan Constitution; Article 71 Montenegrin Constitution; Article 18 Polish Constitution; Article 62 Serbian Constitution; and Article 51 Ukrainian Constitution.
     • Stewart J, Lloyd KC (2016). “Marriage Equality in Europe”. Family Advocate. 38 (4): 37–40. Article 18 of the Polish Constitution limits the institution of marriage to opposite-sex couples.
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External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to LGBT rights by country or territory.

• International Lesbian and Gay Association
  • State-sponsored Homophobia report (2015 edition)
  • Lesbian and Gay Rights in the World map (2015 edition)
• Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual: Law at Curlie
• Amnesty International USA: LGBT legal status around the world – interactive map
• Pride Legal – information by country
• Human Rights Watch on LGBT Rights
• International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission resource links – for researching legal information
• International Commission of Jurists, Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Justice – A Comparative Law Casebook
• United Nations Human Rights Council, Discriminatory laws and practices and acts of violence against individuals based on their sexual orientation and gender identity, an annual report
• The United Nations, Living Free and Equal: What States Are Doing to Tackle Violence and Discrimination against Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex People, November 2016

v t e LGBT+ rights overview
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General	LGBT rights at the United Nations Activists Organizations
By regions (list)	Africa Americas North America South America Asia Europe European Union Oceania Middle East Commonwealth La Francophonie Post-Soviet states
By years (list)	1700s 1800s 1900–1949 1950s 1960s 1970s 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980s 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990s 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000s 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010s 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020s 2020 2021 2022
Ideological	Communism and LGBT rights LGBT rights opposition Libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights Queer anarchism Socialism and LGBT rights
Category

v t e Criminalization of homosexuality
Death penalty	Afghanistan Iran Mauritania Saudi Arabia Yemen
Active	British colonies (Section 377, 1860–) Singapore (Section 377A, 1938–) Uganda (1894–)
Invalidated	India (Section 377, 1861–) Sri Lanka (Article 365, 1883–) United States
Repealed	Australia (1975/1997) Brazil (1533–1830) Canada (?–1969) Cyprus (Section 171, 1929–1998) Germany (Paragraph 175, 1871–1969/1994) New Zealand (1840–1986) Norway (Section 213, ?–1972) Romania (Article 200, 1968–1996/2001) Russia (1832–1917, 1933–1993) South Africa (Section 20A, –2007) United Kingdom (1533–1967/1982)
Related articles	Sodomy law LGBT rights Sharia law

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