Liste des insultes ethniques

Ce qui suit est une liste d’insultes ethniques ou d’ ethnophaulismes ou d’épithètes ethniques qui sont, ou ont été, utilisés comme insinuations ou allégations sur les membres d’une ethnie ou d’un Groupe racial donné ou pour s’y référer de manière désobligeante, péjorative ou autrement insultante .

Certains des termes énumérés ci-dessous (tels que “Gringo”, “Yank”, etc.) peuvent être utilisés dans un discours informel sans aucune intention d’offenser. La connotation d’un terme et la prévalence de son utilisation en tant que descripteur péjoratif ou neutre varient dans le temps et selon la géographie.

Aux fins de cette liste, une insulte ethnique est un terme conçu pour insulter les autres sur la base de la race , de l’ ethnie ou de la nationalité . Chaque terme est répertorié suivi de son pays ou de sa région d’utilisation, d’une définition et d’une référence à ce terme.

Les insultes ethniques peuvent également être produites comme une épithète raciale en combinant une insulte à usage général avec le nom de l’ethnicité, comme «sale juif», «cochon russe», etc. D’autres modificateurs insultants courants incluent «chien», «sale», etc. Cependant, ces termes ne sont pas inclus dans cette liste.

UN

Terme	Localisation ou origine	Cibles	Signification, origine et notes	Références
Abbie, Abe, Abie	Amérique du Nord	Hommes juifs	Originaire d’avant les années 1950. Du nom propre Abraham.	[1]
abc	Asie de l’Est	Chinois nés aux États-Unis , Han ou autres Chinois (y compris taïwanais ) nés et élevés aux États-Unis .	Le terme implique une altérité ou un manque de connexion à leur identité chinoise et (généralement) à la langue chinoise ; cependant, il a été réapproprié par de nombreux Américains d’origine chinoise et utilisé pour véhiculer des connotations positives.	[2]
A B C D	Sud-Asiatiques aux États- Unis	American-Born Confused Desi , Indiens d’Amérique ou autres Américains d’Asie du Sud , ( desi ) qui sont nés aux États-Unis .	Utilisé principalement par les immigrants sud-asiatiques pour impliquer une confusion sur l’identité culturelle	[3]
Abid/Abeed (pluriel)	Moyen-Orient et Afrique du Nord	Peuple d’Afrique noire	arabe pour esclave, associé à la traite des esclaves arabes	[4] [5]
Abbo/Abbo	Australie	Aborigène d’ Australie	À l’origine, il s’agissait simplement d’un terme informel pour Aborigène , et était en fait utilisé par les Aborigènes eux-mêmes (comme dans le journal Aborigène Abo Call ) jusqu’à ce qu’il commence à être considéré comme offensant dans les années 1950. Bien qu’Abo soit toujours considéré comme assez offensant par beaucoup, le boong péjoratif est maintenant plus couramment utilisé lorsque l’intention est délibérément d’offenser, car le statut de ce mot en tant qu’insulte est sans équivoque.	[6]
Ingénierie afro, Ingénierie africaine, ingénierie colorée ou gréement nègre	États-Unis	Peuple noir américain	Travail de fortune de mauvaise qualité, de second ordre ou non conventionnel. Fait indirectement référence aux Noirs américains comme étant pires ou moins valorisés que les Blancs américains lorsqu’ils leur associent quelque chose de mauvais.	[7] [8]
Ah Chah	Hong Kong	Peuple sud-asiatique	De阿差 ; Cantonais Yale : achā ; de “acchā” signifiant “bon” ou “OK” en hindi .	[9]
Ali Baba	États-Unis	peuple irakien	Un Irakien soupçonné d’activités criminelles.	[dix]
Appât alligator / Appât alligator	États-Unis (Plus couramment utilisé dans les États où se trouvent des alligators , en particulier en Floride .)	Les Noirs, en particulier les enfants noirs	Utilisé pour la première fois au début du 20e siècle, bien que certains émettent l’hypothèse que le terme est né à la fin du 19e siècle. Le terme dérive du fait que, pendant la traite des esclaves, les enfants et les bébés noirs étaient censés être utilisés comme appâts par les Blancs aux États-Unis pour attraper des alligators.	[11] [12]
Serbe des Alpes	Serbo-croate : Alpski Srbin (ex-Yougoslavie)	Personnes d’ origine slovène .	[13]
Tout à l’heure	Malaisie , Singapour	Les Européens, surtout les Néerlandais	Hokkien pour “cheveux roux” faisant référence aux Néerlandais du 17ème siècle et étendu aux Blancs au 19ème siècle, il est devenu un terme neutre, bien qu’il soit parfois considéré comme péjoratif.	[14]
Anne	Amérique du Nord	Femmes blanches, femmes noires « agissant en blanc »	Alors que Miss Ann, également tout simplement Ann , est une référence dérisoire aux femmes blanches, elle s’applique également à toute femme noire qui est réputée agir comme si elle était blanche.	[15] [16]
Annamite, acariens	Français anglais	peuple vietnamien	[17] [18] [19]
Singe	États-Unis	Les Noirs	Se référant à des théories dépassées attribuant les différences culturelles entre les groupes ethniques comme étant liées à leur distance évolutive par rapport aux chimpanzés , avec lesquels les humains partagent une ascendance commune.	[20] [21]
Pomme	Amérique du Nord	Amérindiens	Utilisé pour la première fois dans les années 1970. Quelqu’un qui est “rouge à l’extérieur, blanc à l’intérieur”. Utilisé principalement par d’autres Amérindiens pour indiquer quelqu’un qui a perdu le contact avec son identité culturelle.	[22]
Arabush / Aravush ( ערבוש )	Israël	peuple arabe	Arabes , dérivé de l’hébreu “Aravi” (arabe) qui est lui-même inoffensif.	[23]
Argie/Argies (pluriel)	Royaume-Uni	peuple argentin	Largement utilisé par les soldats britanniques lors de la guerre des Malouines en 1982. C’est aussi le nom d’un groupe de punk rock argentin .	[24]
Armo	États-Unis	Arménien / arménien américain	Particulièrement utilisé en Californie du Sud.	[25] [26]
Aseng	Indonésie	Les non-indonésiens, en particulier les chinois	Insulte envers un citoyen non indonésien, de “[orang] asing” (étranger) qui rime avec “Aseng” (nom chinois). Ce mot est souvent adressé aux Chinois en raison des relations de l’Indonésie avec la RPC .	[27]
Ashke – Nazi ( אשכנאצי )	Israël	Juifs ashkénazes	Prononcé comme “AshkeNa tz i”. Utilisé principalement par les Juifs Mizrachi .	[28] [29] [30]
Tante Jemima / Tante Jane / Tante Mary / Tante Sally	États-Unis	Femme noire	Une femme noire qui “embrasse” les blancs, une “braderie”, pendant féminin de l’ Oncle Tom .	[31]

B

Terme	Localisation ou origine	Cibles	Signification, origine et notes	Références
Bamboula	France	Les Noirs	[32]
Balija	Turquie , Balkans	peuple bosniaque	Un Bosniaque de souche ou un membre de la diaspora bosniaque .	[33] [34]
Banane	Amérique du Nord	Les Asiatiques	“Jaune à l’extérieur, blanc à l’intérieur”. Utilisé principalement par les Asiatiques de l’Est ou du Sud-Est pour les autres Asiatiques de l’Est ou du Sud-Est ou les Américains d’origine asiatique qui sont perçus comme assimilés à la culture américaine dominante. Similaire à Apple .	[35] [36]
Barbare	Grèce	Les non-grecs	Quelqu’un qui est perçu comme non civilisé ou primitif. βάρβαρος ( barbaros pl. βάρβαροι barbaroi ). Dans la Grèce antique , les Grecs utilisaient le terme pour désigner ceux qui ne parlaient pas grec et suivaient les coutumes grecques classiques.	[37]
Beaner / Beany	États-Unis	Les personnes d’ origine mexicaine ou, plus précisément, les métis d’origine centraméricaine.	Le terme provient de l’utilisation de frijoles pintos et d’autres haricots dans la cuisine mexicaine .	[38] [39] [40]
Bluegum	États-Unis	afro-américains	Un Afro-Américain perçu comme étant paresseux et peu disposé à travailler.	[41]
boche/bosche/bosch	France ; États-Unis; Royaume-Uni	Peuple allemand	Raccourci du terme français caboche dure , signifiant “tête dure” ou “têtu”).	[42]
Béotien	Athéniens	Peuple grec béotien	Se référant à la stupidité supposée des habitants de la région voisine de Béotie en Grèce.	[43]
Boerehater / haïr les Boers /	Afrique du Sud ; Royaume-Uni	les Britanniques	Fait référence à une personne qui déteste, préjuge ou critique les Boers ou les Afrikaners – historiquement appliqué aux Britanniques qui avaient des sentiments anti-Boers.	[44] [45] [46]
Tourbière / Bogtrotter / Bog-trotter	Royaume-Uni, Irlande, États-Unis	Irlandais _	Une personne d’ascendance irlandaise commune ou de classe inférieure.	[47] [48]
bohunk	Amérique du Nord	Peuple bohème	Un immigrant de classe inférieure d’origine européenne centrale , orientale ou du sud-est . Fait à l’origine référence à ceux d’origine bohémienne (aujourd’hui République tchèque). Il était couramment utilisé envers les immigrants d’Europe centrale au début du XXe siècle. Probablement du bohème + une distorsion du hongrois. Voir aussi hunky .	[49]
Bang	Inde	Peuple bengali	[50]
Boong / bong / bonde	Australie	Aborigènes d’Australie	[Utilisé pour la première fois en 1847 par JD Lang, Cooksland , 430]. Boong, prononcé avec ʊ (comme la voyelle dans bull ), est lié au mot d’argot anglais australien bung , qui signifie « mort », « infecté » ou « dysfonctionnel ». De bung, to go bung “D’abord mourir, puis tomber en panne, faire faillite, cesser de fonctionner [Ab. bong dead]”. Le dictionnaire national australien (Oxford) donne son origine dans le mot Wemba pour «homme» ou «être humain».	[51] [52] [53] [54]
Boonga / boong / bunga / boonie	Nouvelle-Zélande	Insulaires du Pacifique	Probablement dérivé de l’insulte australienne similaire.	[55] [56]
Bootlip	États-Unis	Afro-américain	[57]
Bougnoule	France	peuple arabe	[58]
Barre de primes	Royaume-Uni	Les Noirs	Une personne racialement noire qui est considérée comme se comportant comme une personne blanche (c’est-à-dire sombre à l’extérieur, blanche à l’intérieur).	[59]
Bozgor	Roumanie	Hongrois	Utilisé surtout sur ceux nés en Roumanie. Peut-être dérivé de la prononciation du dialecte moldave Csángó de bocskor signifiant Opanak , un type de chaussures rustiques.	[60]
Tampon Brillo	Royaume-Uni et États-Unis	Les Noirs	Utilisé pour désigner les cheveux d’une personne noire	[61]
Lutin	États-Unis	Les personnes à la peau brune	Utilisé dans les années 1940-1950	[62]
Sarrasin	États-Unis	les noirs	utilisé pour désigner les cheveux bouclés d’une personne noire	[63] [64]
Tête de bouddha	États-Unis	Les Asiatiques	Également utilisé par les Américains d’ origine japonaise du continent pour désigner les Américains d’origine japonaise hawaïenne depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale .	[65] [66]
Boukra , Bakra	États-Unis, Antilles	Blancs de langues d’ Afrique subsaharienne	[67]
Bleu	Indonésie	Blancs ou étrangers	Dérivé d’un mot indonésien archaïque pour albinos .	[68]
Tête de fraise / Tête de fraise / Tête de fraise	États-Unis	Les Noirs	faisant référence aux cheveux afro-texturés	[69]

C

Terme	Localisation ou origine	Cibles	Signification, origine et notes	Références
Mangeur de chou	Peuples allemand et russe	[70] [71]
Chameau Jockey	Peuple du Moyen-Orient	[72]
Carcamano	Brésil	Peuple italien	Utilisé au début du XXe siècle, lors de la deuxième vague d’immigration italienne au Brésil.	[73]
Cest Farang , Çaise-fran (เศษฝรั่ง)	Thaïlande	Français ethnique	Échange de position avec Fran-çaise, “Çaise” ( thaï : เศษ ) en thaï fraction moyenne (péjoratif).	[ citation nécessaire ]
Chankoro	Japon	Peuple chinois	Japonais :チャンコロ, une référence japonaise à une personne chinoise.	[74]
Charly	États-Unis	Américains blancs	Utilisé dans les années 1960-1970. Les Blancs en tant que groupe oppresseur collectif réifié, semblable à The Man ou The System .	[75]
États-Unis	peuple vietnamien	Terme d’argot de la guerre du Vietnam utilisé par les troupes américaines comme terme abrégé pour désigner les guérilleros vietnamiens, dérivé du raccourci verbal de “Victor Charlie”, l’ alphabet phonétique de l’OTAN pour VC, l’abréviation de Viet Cong . L’ armée nord-vietnamienne (régulière) était appelée «M. Charles».	[76] [77] [78]
Suédois de Chine	États-Unis	Finlandais	Terme péjoratif désignant les immigrants finlandais aux États-Unis , en particulier dans le Minnesota et le Michigan .	[79] [80]
Chee-chee, Chi-chi	Asie du sud	Métis eurasiens , en particulier anglo-indiens	Probablement dérivé de l’hindi chi-chi fie ! , littéralement, saleté.	[81]
Tête de fromage	Néerlandais ou Wisconsinites .	[82] [83]
Singe d’abandon mangeur de fromage	Royaume-Uni , États-Unis	les français	De la défaite des Français face aux Allemands en 1940, et de la grande variété de fromages originaires de France . A gagné en popularité après que le terme a été utilisé dans un épisode des Simpsons .	[84]
Chefur (čefur)	Slovénie	Peuples non Slovènes de l’ex-Yougoslavie ( Serbes , Croates , Bosniaques , Monténégrins , Macédoniens )	[85]
Tsekwa / Chekwa	Philippines	Peuple philippin chinois	Utilisé en philippin / tagalog et dans d’autres langues philippines , qui l’ont dérivé du limerick pour enfants de la rue Cebuano Bisaya de la fin du XIXe siècle , Cebuano : In tsik, wá kang, káun, kalibang! , allumé. ‘Chinois ( ouvrier ), je travaille, mange et chie!’, où “Intsik”/”Insik” est dérivé du terme philippin Hokkien , chinois : 叔; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : in chek ; allumé. ‘son/leur oncle’, tandis que “wakang”/”gwakang” Terme philippin Hokkien , chinois :我工; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : góa kang ; allumé. ‘Je travaille’, tandis que “kaon”/”kaun” vient du terme Cebuano Bisaya , Cebuano : kaon , lit. ‘manger’, tandis que “kalibang” vient du terme Cebuano Bisaya , Cebuano : kalibang , lit. ‘faire ses besoins’.	[86] [87]
Chernozhopy	Russie	Indigènes du Caucase , par exemple de Tchétchénie ou d’Azerbaïdjan.	черножопый , ou chornaya zhopa , signifiant “cul noir” en russe.	[88] [89] [90]
Chiloté	Argentine	Peuple chilien	[91]
Chinois	Amérique du Nord	peuple chinois	Un calque du chinois 中國人. Il a été utilisé à l’époque de la ruée vers l’or et de la construction de chemins de fer dans l’ouest de l’Amérique du Nord, lorsque la discrimination contre les Chinois était courante.	[92]
Ching Chong	États-Unis, Canada, Royaume-Uni, Nouvelle-Zélande, Inde, Philippines	peuple chinois	Se moquer de la langue ou d’une personne d’origine chinoise perçue.	[93]
Fente	États-Unis, Canada, Royaume-Uni, Irlande, Nouvelle-Zélande, Australie, Inde	peuple chinois	[94]
Chinky	Inde continentale	Indiens du nord-est	Le son “menton” fait référence à la Chine . L’insulte fait référence aux traits du visage partagés des Indiens du Nord-Est et des peuples ethniquement chinois.	[95] [96]
Chonky	Les personnes asiatiques	Fait référence à une personne d’origine asiatique avec des “attributs blancs”, soit dans la personnalité, soit dans l’apparence.	[97]
Christ-tueur	Peuple juif	Une allusion au déicide juif .	[98] [99]
Choc-glace	Les Noirs	Une personne qui est au sens figuré « noire à l’extérieur, blanche à l’intérieur ».	[100] [101]
Cholo	Amérique latine, sud-ouest des États-Unis	Indigènes ou métis _	Il peut être péjoratif selon les circonstances.	[102] [103] [104] [105]
Souffler	Canada	les autochtones canadiens	Voir Chugach pour les autochtones.	[106]
Tchoukhna	Russie	Finnois	[107] [108]
Churka ( russe : Чурка	Russie	Asiatiques occidentaux et centraux	чурка insulte pour les Asiatiques centraux et les peuples autochtones du Caucase.	[89]
Ciapaty, ciapak	Pologne	Moyen-orientaux , nord-africains , sud-asiatiques et caucasiens .	Dérivé de chapati .	[109] [110]
Cioara	Roumanie	Roms et Noirs	Signifie corbeau	[111]
Cina /Cokin	Indonésie	peuple chinois	L’utilisation dans les médias est interdite depuis 2014 sous Keppres no. 12/2014, remplacé par Tiongkok (de Zhongguo 中国) ou Tionghoa (de Zhonghua 中华). La décision présidentielle (Keppres) interdit même l’utilisation de “Chine” dans les médias et l’usage formel.	[112] [113]
Noix de coco	États-Unis, Royaume-Uni, Nouvelle-Zélande, Australie	Hispaniques/Latinos, Asiatiques du Sud/Sud-Est	Nommée d’après la noix de coco , au sens américain, elle dérive du fait qu’une noix de coco est brune à l’extérieur et blanche à l’intérieur. Une personne d’ascendance hispanique/latino ou sud/sud-est asiatique qui est considérée comme étant assimilée à la culture blanche américaine.	[35] [114] [36]
Sud-Asiatiques	Une personne brune d’origine sud-asiatique est perçue comme pleinement assimilée à la culture occidentale .	[115] [116] [117]
insulaire Pacifique	[118]
Coolie	Amérique du Nord	Les Asiatiques , généralement les Chinois , et les Indo-Caraïbes	Ouvrier asiatique non qualifié (utilisé à l’origine au XIXe siècle pour les cheminots chinois). Peut-être du mandarin “苦力” ku li ou de l’hindi kuli , “journalier”. Également épithète raciale pour les Indo-Caraïbes , en particulier en Guyane , à Trinité-et-Tobago et chez les Indiens d’Afrique du Sud .	[119] [120]
Nègre	États-Unis, Commonwealth	Les Noirs	Slur popularisé par les chansons de Coon jouées au spectacle Minstrel . À l’origine dans les années 1830, le terme avait été associé au parti américain Whig . Les Whigs avaient utilisé un raton laveur comme emblème. Le parti a également développé la réputation d’avoir une attitude plus tolérante envers les Noirs que les autres principales factions politiques. Plus tard, le parti deviendrait caduque et le terme “coon” évoluerait d’un simple argot politique à une insulte raciale. Au sein de la communauté afro-américaine, le monde a acquis une signification supplémentaire en référence à une personne noire qui est prétendument une « trahison ». [121]	[122] [123] [124] [125]
Australie	Australien aborigène	[126]
Nouvelle-Zélande	insulaire Pacifique	[126]
Coonass , Coon-cul	États-Unis	Peuple cajun	À ne pas confondre avec le français connasse , qui signifie chatte .	[127]
Biscuit salé	États-Unis	Les Blancs, en particulier les pauvres des Appalaches et du Sud	Utilisé pour la première fois au 19ème siècle. Il est parfois utilisé spécifiquement pour désigner un natif de Floride ou de Géorgie . Également utilisé dans un sens plus général en Amérique du Nord pour désigner les Blancs de manière désobligeante.	[128] [129]
Corbeau	États-Unis	Les Noirs	[130]
Crucco	Italie	Peuple allemand	Le nom a d’abord été donné pendant la Première Guerre mondiale aux troupes de l’ armée austro-hongroise d’ ethnie croate et slovène . Plus tard, le terme a été utilisé pour désigner les Allemands.	[131]
Curry-muncher	Australie, Afrique, Nouvelle-Zélande, Amérique du Nord	Peuple sud-asiatique	[132]
Cushi , Kushi (כושי)	Israël	Les personnes à la peau foncée	Terme originaire de Kushite, faisant référence à un individu de l’ancien royaume de Kush . Cela a également été mentionné dans la Bible hébraïque généralement utilisée pour désigner les personnes généralement d’ ascendance africaine . À l’origine purement descriptif, dans l’ Israël actuel, il a de plus en plus pris une connotation péjorative et est considéré comme insultant par les Israéliens éthiopiens ; et par des travailleurs migrants et des demandeurs d’asile non juifs d’ Afrique subsaharienne en Israël.	[133]

ré

Terme	Localisation ou origine	Cibles	Signification, origine et notes	Références
Dago , Dego	États-Unis, Commonwealth	Italiens , Espagnols , Portugais	Peut-être dérivé du nom espagnol ” Diego “	[134]
États-Unis	Peuple italien	[135]
Dal Khor	Les personnes parlant ourdou	Indiens et Pakistanais (spécifiquement Punjabis )	Le terme se traduit littéralement par ” dal eater “, évoquant l’accent soi-disant plus élevé sur les légumineuses et les légumes dans le régime alimentaire des Punjabis de la campagne.	[136]
Darky / darkey / darkie	Les Noirs	Selon le lexicographe Richard A. Spears, le mot “darkie” était autrefois considéré comme doux et poli, avant de prendre un sens péjoratif et provocateur.	[137] [138]
Dhoti	Népal	Indiens ou Madheshi	En référence à leurs vêtements indigènes Dhoti portés par les habitants du sous-continent indien.	[139]
Dink	États-Unis	Les Asiatiques du Sud-Est, en particulier les Vietnamiens .	Origine : 1965-70, américanisme. Également utilisé comme terme désobligeant pour un soldat ou un guérillero nord-vietnamien pendant la guerre du Vietnam.	[140]
Dogan, dogon	Canada	Catholiques irlandais	[XIXe siècle ; origine incertaine : peut-être de Dugan , un patronyme irlandais].	[141]
Tête de point, point	Femmes hindoues	En référence au bindi .	[142] [143]
Coon des dunes	États-Unis	peuple arabe	équivalent du nègre des sables (ci-dessous).	[144] [145]

E

Terme	Localisation ou origine	Cibles	Signification, origine et notes	Références
Huit boules, 8 boules	Les Noirs	Se référant à la boule noire dans la piscine . Argot, généralement utilisé de manière désobligeante	[146]
Cravate	États-Unis, Royaume-Uni	Peuple italien	Originaire de la mauvaise prononciation de “italien” comme “Eye-talian”. Argot généralement utilisé de manière désobligeante (en particulier pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale).	[147] [148] [149]

F

Terme	Localisation ou origine	Cibles	Signification, origine et notes	Références
Farang khi nok	Thaïlande	Pauvres Blancs	Est-ce que l’argot est couramment utilisé comme une insulte à une personne de race blanche, équivalent à une poubelle blanche , car khi signifie excréments et nok signifie oiseau, se référant à la couleur blanche des excréments d’oiseaux.	[150]
Fénien	Irlande du Nord, Ecosse	Catholiques irlandais	Dérivé de la Fraternité Fenian .	[151]
Enfants du festival ( russe : Дети фестиваля )	URSS (à partir de la fin des années 1950)	Enfants d’ascendance mixte, dont l’un des parents (généralement le père) est d’origine noire africaine ou (plus rarement) d’une autre origine non européenne	On pense que la première apparition notable d’enfants noirs ou métis est apparue après le 6e Festival mondial de la jeunesse et des étudiants de 1957. Le terme était souvent utilisé de manière ironique et parfois de manière légèrement péjorative. Ce terme n’est pas utilisé actuellement.	[152] [153]
Feuj ( verlan pour juif)	France	Peuple juif	[154]
Fjellabé	Danemark	peuple norvégien	Signifie singe des montagnes. Joculairement utilisé par les Danois principalement dans le sport. A partir des années 1950. La Norvège est montagneuse tandis que le Danemark est plat sans montagnes.	[155]
Retourner	États-Unis	Peuple philippin	[156]
Fritz , fricc , fryc , фриц , fricis	Royaume-Uni, France, Hongrie, Pologne, Russie, Lettonie	les Allemands	de Friedrich (Frédéric).	[157] [158]
Grenouille, Grenouille, Frogeater,	Australie, Canada, Royaume-Uni, États-Unis	Néerlandais (anciennement) Français et Canadiens français ( actuellement )	Avant le 19ème siècle, se référait aux Hollandais (car ils étaient stéréotypés comme étant des habitants des marais ). Lorsque la France est devenue le principal ennemi de la Grande-Bretagne, remplaçant les Néerlandais, l’épithète leur a été transférée, en raison du penchant français pour manger des cuisses de grenouilles (voir le terme français comparable Rosbif ). Également connu dans les pays slaves, mais uniquement vers le français (continental), voir polonais żabojad , ukrainien zhaboyid (жабоїд), russe lyagushatnik (лягушатник) ; ainsi qu’en basque frantximant .	[159] [160] [161]
Flou-Wuzzy	Royaume-Uni	Peuple Hadendoa	Terme utilisé pour désigner les guerriers Hadendoa au XIXe siècle, en référence à leurs coiffures élaborées. Non applicable en Australie, voir Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels .	[162]

g

Terme	Localisation ou origine	Cibles	Signification, origine et notes	Références
Gabacho	Espagne	les Français	[163]
Gadjo	Non – Roms	Techniquement un terme désignant une personne qui ne possède pas Romanipen , il fait généralement référence aux non-Romains et aux Roms qui ne vivent pas dans la culture rom.
Gaijin (外人)	Japon	Personnes d’origine non asiatique	[164]
Galla	Ethiopie	Oromo ou autres en Éthiopie et en Somalie	Utilisé depuis 1670	[165] [166]
Gans (Ганс)	URSS	Les Allemands , ou plus rarement les Lettons	Le terme est né parmi les troupes soviétiques pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale , venant de la forme russifiée du prénom allemand Hans . À la fin et après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, le terme a également été appliqué par les Russes aux Lettons comme un moyen de les assimiler aux Allemands puisque de 1943 à 1945, pendant l’occupation nazie de la Lettonie , près de 100 000 Lettons ont été mobilisés dans la Légion lettone et ont combattu. les Soviétiques aux côtés des Allemands.	[167] [168] [169]
Garoï	Roumanie	Roms	Cela signifie corbeau .	[170]
Gin	Australie	femme autochtone	Moore (2004) , “gin”
Gin-jockey	Australie	personne blanche	Une personne blanche ayant des relations sexuelles occasionnelles avec une femme autochtone.	[171]
Godon	France	les Anglais	Une expression péjorative désuète. Peut-être une corruption de “God-damn”.	[172] [173]
Poupée nègre de chiffon	États-Unis, Australie, Royaume-Uni, Nouvelle-Zélande	Les personnes à la peau foncée, en particulier les Afro-Caraïbes	Une expression qui était à l’origine un personnage de littérature pour enfants et un type de poupée noire mais qui a fini par être utilisée comme une moquerie contre les personnes à la peau foncée.	[174]
Gook , Gook-oeil, Gooky	États-Unis	Asiatiques de l’Est et du Sud-Est, mais surtout Coréens	Le premier exemple enregistré date de 1920. Utilisé surtout pour les soldats ennemis. Son utilisation a été attribuée aux Marines américains servant aux Philippines au début du XXe siècle. Il a été largement remarqué à la suite des guerres de Corée et du Vietnam.	[175] [176] [177]
Goomba	États-Unis	Italiens, italo-américains	Initialement appliqué aux hommes italiens ou italo-américains en général, il porte désormais également spécifiquement des connotations de machisme vulgaire stéréotypé et d’implication de la mafia italienne ou de la mafia italo-américaine parmi les Italiens de souche et les Italo-Américains. Cependant, “goombah” est également utilisé parmi les Italo-Américains eux-mêmes pour désigner un ami ou un camarade; le mot devient péjoratif surtout lorsqu’il est utilisé par un non-italien pour désigner un italien ou un italo-américain de souche d’une manière désobligeante ou condescendante plutôt que comme un terme d’adresse amical entre italo-américains. Provient du mot italien du sud cumpa ou cumpari et de l’ équivalent italien standard , comparez, signifiant “parrain”.	[178]
Gora	Inde	Européens et autres personnes à la peau claire	Le mot « gora » signifie simplement une personne d’origine européenne ou une autre personne à la peau claire en hindi et dans d’autres langues indo-aryennes. Cependant, il est souvent utilisé comme une insulte aux Blancs, le « gori » étant utilisé pour désigner une femme blanche.	[179]
Goy , Goyim, Goyum	hébreu	Les non-juifs	Un terme biblique hébreu pour “Nation” ou “Peuple”. À l’époque romaine, il avait également acquis le sens de “non-juif“. En anglais, l’utilisation peut être bénigne, pour désigner toute personne qui n’est pas juive, ou controversée, car elle peut avoir des connotations péjoratives .	[180] [181]
Grago, Gragok (crevettes)	Eurasiens , peuple Kristang	Un terme pour les Eurasiens , et spécifiquement pour le peuple Kristang de Malaisie , dont beaucoup étaient traditionnellement engagés dans la pêche à la crevette. Il a souvent des connotations péjoratives, en particulier lorsqu’il est utilisé par des étrangers, même si, au cours des dernières générations, les membres de la communauté ont dans une certaine mesure tenté de se réapproprier le terme.	[182]
Boule de graisse, graisseur	États-Unis	Les peuples méditerranéens / sud-européens et hispaniques , et en particulier les Italiens .	« Greaser » a pris une connotation moins péjorative depuis les années 1950.	[183]
Gringo	Hispanophones, principalement d’Amérique latine	anglophones	Parfois utilisé par les Latino-Américains . Au Mexique, le terme désigne un Américain . Probablement du mot espagnol “griego”, qui signifie grec (similaire à l’expression anglaise “Tout est grec pour moi”).	[184] [185] [186] [187]
Brésil	Étrangers	Un terme familier neutre pour tout étranger, indépendamment de sa race, de son Origine ethnique ou de son origine (y compris les Portugais), ou pour une personne dont la langue maternelle n’est pas le portugais (y compris les personnes dont la langue maternelle est l’espagnol).	[188] [189] [190] [191]
Grille	États-Unis	Les Noirs	Dérivé de « négroïde ».	[192]
Gub, Gubba	Australie	personne blanche	Terme aborigène désignant les Blancs	[193]
Guizi (鬼子)	Chine continentale	Non chinois	Fondamentalement, la même signification que le terme gweilo utilisé à Hong Kong. Plus souvent utilisé pour qualifier les étrangers d’ennemis militaires, tels que riben guizi (日本鬼子, démons japonais, à cause de la Seconde Guerre sino-japonaise ), meiguo guizi (美国鬼子, démons américains, à cause de la guerre de Corée ).	[ citation nécessaire ]
Guido , Guidette	États-Unis	Américains d’origine italienne	Vient du prénom italien Guido. Guidette est le pendant féminin. Utilisé principalement dans le nord-est des États-Unis comme stéréotype pour les italo-américains urbains de la classe ouvrière.	[194] [195]
Guinée , Ginzo	Peuple italien	Probablement dérivé de ” Guinée Negro “, ce qui implique que les Italiens sont noirs ou à la peau basanée, les natifs de la Guinée. Le diminutif “Ginzo” remonte probablement à la Seconde Guerre mondiale et est dérivé de l’argot australien repris par les militaires américains au Pacific Theatre.	[196]
Gummihals	Suisse	les Allemands	Littéralement “cou en caoutchouc”	[197]
Gweilo , gwailo, kwai lo (鬼佬)	Sud de la Chine continentale, Hong Kong, Macao	homme blanc	Librement traduit par “diable étranger” ; plus littéralement, pourrait être “mec fantôme/mec/gars/etc”. Gwei signifie “fantôme”. La couleur blanche est associée aux fantômes en Chine. Un lo est un gars ordinaire (c’est-à-dire un gars, un gars ou un mec). Autrefois une marque de xénophobie, le mot est maintenant d’un usage général et informel.	[198]
Gwer	Afrique du Nord	personne blanche	[199]
Gyopo, Kyopo (교포)	Corée	Peuple coréen éloigné	Littéralement ” séjourner “. Coréen né ou élevé à l’étranger, en particulier aux États-Unis. (voir aussi banane dans cette page)	[200]
Gitan , Gyppo, gippo, gypo, gitan, gitan, gipp	Royaume-Uni, Australie	Égyptiens et Roms	Dérivé de “égyptien”, l’Egypte étant considérée à tort comme l’origine de ce peuple.	[201]

H

Terme	Localisation ou origine	Cibles	Signification, origine et notes	Références
Poilu	Afrique du Sud	Afrikaners	[202]
Hadji , Hadji, Hadji	Armée des États-Unis	Irakiens , Arabes , Afghans ou Moyen-Orientaux et Sud -Asiatiques	Dérivé du titre honorifique Al-Hajji , le titre donné à un musulman qui a accompli le Hajj (pèlerinage à La Mecque).	[203]
Métis	Personnes multiethniques	Métis est un terme français , également utilisé en anglais canadien, pour un métis, et mestizo est l’équivalent en espagnol , bien qu’ils ne soient pas offensants en soi .
Métisse	Angleterre, Australie	Race mixte (généralement entre les aborigènes australiens et les blancs dans le langage australien)	Utilisé à l’origine comme terme juridique et social.
Haolé	États-Unis, Hawaïen	Des non-Hawaïens, presque toujours des Blancs.	Peut être utilisé de manière neutre, en fonction du contexte.	[204]
Heeb, Hebe	États-Unis	Peuple juif	Dérivé du mot « hébreu ».	[205] [206]
Relever	États-Unis	Immigrants italiens	Parfois utilisé avec ou pour distinguer de “Hunk” (“Hunky”).	[207] [208]
Hillbilly	États-Unis	Américains des Appalaches ou d’ Ozark	[209]
Honky , honkey, honkie	États-Unis	personne blanche	Dérivé d’une prononciation afro-américaine de ” hunky “, le terme désobligeant pour un ouvrier hongrois. Le premier enregistrement de son utilisation comme terme insultant pour une personne blanche date des années 1950.	[210] [ source peu fiable ? ]
Nouvelle-Zélande	Néo-zélandais européens	Utilisé par les Maoris pour désigner les Néo-Zélandais d’origine européenne.	[211]
Hori	Nouvelle-Zélande	Maori	De l’ancienne version maorifiée courante du nom anglais George .	[212]
Hun	États-Unis, Royaume-Uni	les Allemands	(États-Unis, Royaume-Uni) Allemands, en particulier soldats allemands ; populaire pendant la Première Guerre mondiale. Dérivé d’un discours prononcé par Kaiser Wilhelm d’Allemagne au contingent allemand envoyé en Chine pendant la rébellion des Boxers dans lequel il les exhortait à “être comme les Huns” (c’est-à-dire sauvages et impitoyables) envers leur ennemi chinois.	[213]
Irlande	Protestants et soldats britanniques	Un protestant en Irlande du Nord ou historiquement, un membre de l’ armée britannique en Irlande (“Britannia’s huns”).	[214] [215]
Beau gosse , Beau gosse	États-Unis	Ouvriers d’Europe centrale .	Il est né dans les régions charbonnières de Pennsylvanie et de Virginie-Occidentale, où des Polonais et d’autres immigrants d’Europe centrale (Hongrois (Magyar), Rusyns, Slovaques) sont venus effectuer de durs travaux manuels dans les mines.	[216] [208]
Hymie	États-Unis	peuple juif	Dérivé du nom personnel Hyman (du nom hébreu Chayyim ). Jesse Jackson a provoqué la controverse lorsqu’il a qualifié New York de ” Hymietown ” en 1984. A également été orthographié “Heimie”, comme un reflet des noms de famille juifs populaires se terminant par -heim.	[217]

je

Terme	Localisation ou origine	Cibles	Signification, origine et notes	Références
Ikey / ike / iky : un juif [de Isaac ]	peuple juif	Dérivé du nom d’ Isaac , personnage important de la culture hébraïque .	[218]
Ikey-mo / ikeymo	peuple juif	Dérivé des noms Isaac et Moïse , deux figures importantes de la culture hébraïque .	[219]
Indonésie	Malaisie , Singapour	Peuple indonésien	[220] [221]
Indognesial / Indonésien	Malaisie	Peuple indonésien	Qui ressemble à “Indon” terme mélangé avec ” Chien ” et ” Sial ” ( mot malais pour ” Damn “).	[222]
Intsik	Philippines	Philippin chinoisPeuple	Utilisé en philippin / tagalog et dans d’autres langues philippines . Basé sur le terme philippin Hokkien , chinois : 叔; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : in chek ; allumé. ‘son/leur oncle’.	[86]
Inyenzi	Rwanda	peuple tutsi	Personne de l’ethnie tutsie d’Afrique. Signifie littéralement “cafard” et découlerait de la façon dont les rebelles tutsis attaquaient la nuit et se retiraient, étant difficiles à tuer, comme un cafard. Plus particulièrement, il a acquis une notoriété mondiale à l’époque du génocide rwandais , car il a été utilisé par la RTLM pour inciter au génocide .	[223] [224] [225]
Indien	États-Unis	Amérindiens	Corruption des “Indiens”	[226]

J

Terme	Localisation ou origine	Cibles	Signification, origine et notes	Références
Jakun	Malaisie	Peuple peu averti, du nom malais d’un groupe ethnique indigène.
Japon	Brésil	les Japonais	Généralement une façon affectueuse de se référer aux Japonais (ou, plus généralement, aux Asiatiques de l’Est), bien que cela puisse être considéré comme une insulte. Ce terme n’est jamais censuré (comme le serait généralement une insulte) lorsqu’il apparaît dans les médias de masse.	[227]
japonais	États-Unis	les Japonais	Principalement utilisé pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, après la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
Femmes juives	Habituellement écrit en toutes lettres majuscules comme un acronyme pour « princesse juive américaine », un stéréotype de certaines femmes juives américaines comme matérialistes ou choyées.
Japie , yarpie	Sud-Africains blancs et ruraux	dérivé de plaasjapie , “garçon de ferme”	[228]
jerry	Commonwealth	Les Allemands, en particulier les soldats	Probablement une altération de “Allemand”. Origine du jerrican . Utilisé surtout pendant la Première Guerre mondiale et la Seconde Guerre mondiale.	[229]
juif	États-Unis, Royaume-Uni	Garçons juifs	Initialement destiné aux jeunes garçons juifs qui vendaient des pièces de monnaie contrefaites à Londres au 18e siècle	[230] [231]
Jigaboo, jiggabo, jigarooni, jijjiboo, zigabo, jig, jigg, jigger	États-Unis	Les Noirs avec des traits noirs stéréotypés (par exemple, peau foncée, nez large et grandes lèvres).	D’un verbe bantou tshikabo , signifiant « ils inclinent docilement la tête », désignant des individus doux ou serviles.	[232] [233] [234]
Jidan	Roumanie	personne juive .	[235]
Jim Crow	États-Unis	Les Noirs	[236]
Jjokbari	Corée	Les Japonais	[237]
Jock, jocky, jockie	Royaume-Uni	Peuple écossais	Surnom en langue écossaise pour le nom personnel John, apparenté à l’anglais, Jack. Parfois utilisé comme une insulte, mais aussi en référence respectueuse à l’élite écossaise, en particulier aux troupes des Highlands, par exemple la 9e division (écossaise) . Même veine que l’insulte anglaise pour les français, comme Frogs . Dans le roman policier Tooth and Nail de Ian Rankin , le protagoniste – un détective écossais prêté à la police de Londres – souffre des préjugés de ses collègues anglais qui utilisent fréquemment «Jock» et «Jockland» (Écosse) comme termes d’insulte; le livre était basé sur la propre expérience de l’auteur en tant qu’Écossais vivant à Londres.	[238]
Lapin de la jungle	États-Unis, Commonwealth	Les Noirs	[239]

K

Terme	Localisation ou origine	Cibles	Signification, origine et notes	Références
Kaew (แกว)	Nord-est de la Thaïlande	peuple vietnamien	[240] [241]
Kaolao ( thaï : เกาเหลา , chinois Min Nan :高樓)	Thaïlande	Sud-Coréens	Plat national thaïlandais, son corrompu avec le coréen (humoristique).	[242]
Cafre , kaffer, kaffir, kafir , kaffre, kuffar	péninsule arabique	Non-musulmans (indépendamment de la race).	aussi caffer ou caffre . de l’arabe kafir signifiant “mécréant”.	[243] [244]
Afrique du Sud	Les Noirs	[245] [246]
Membres d’un peuple habitant les montagnes de l’ Hindu Kush au nord-est de l’Afghanistan
Boétie Cafre	Afrique du Sud	Sympathisants noirs pendant l’apartheid	Signifiant “frères Kaffir”, il est analogue à “negro lover” en anglais. Le terme est obsolète et n’est plus utilisé.
Kalar	birman	Citoyens musulmans à « peau noire » ou « étrangers indésirables ».	[247]
Kalia, Kalu, Kallu	hindi	Les personnes à la peau foncée	Signifie littéralement blackie généralement utilisé pour les personnes à la peau noire en Inde, peut également avoir une connotation raciste en se référant aux Africains	[248] [249]
Kanaka	Australie	Insulaires du Pacifique	[250] [251]
Kanaké	Allemand	les Turcs	En quelque sorte réapproprié
Kano	Philippines	Étrangers occidentaux , plus particulièrement américains	Habituellement utilisé en philippin ( tagalog ) ou dans d’ autres langues philippines . Raccourci du mot philippin « Amerikano ». Il fait généralement référence aux Américains , en particulier à un homme blanc américain stéréotypé , qui peut s’étendre aux étrangers occidentaux qui peuvent correspondre au stéréotype avec lequel le locuteur n’est pas familier, en particulier ceux d’ Europe , d’ Australie , de Nouvelle-Zélande , etc.	[252]
Kaouiche, Kawish	Français canadien	Amérindiens	[253] [254]
Karine	États-Unis	Les femmes blanches , perçues comme grossières ou arrogantes	[255]
Katsap ou kacap ou kacapas	Ukraine , Biélorussie , Pologne , Lituanie	Peuple russe	Ukrainien : кацап , Lituanien : kacapas
Kebab	Musulmans , généralement d’ origine arabe ou turque .
Kéko	Turquie	Hommes kurdes	Mot kurde à l’origine neutre signifiant homme, copain ou ami, mais devenu péjoratif parmi les locuteurs turcs.	[256]
Keling	Inde	Malaisiens , Singapouriens et Indonésiens	En indonésien, le terme peut être appliqué à toute personne au teint foncé, non seulement aux descendants du sud de l’Inde, mais aussi aux Indonésiens indigènes au teint plus foncé et aux Africains. Le terme est dérivé de l’ancien royaume indien de Kalinga , d’où sont originaires de nombreux immigrants vers les pays plus à l’est.	[257]
Khach ( russe : Хач ), Khachik ( russe : Хачик	Russie	Peuples du Caucase , en particulier du Caucase du Nord et des Arméniens	De l’arménien խաչ khach, signifiant croix (cf. khachkar ). Khachik est considéré comme plus doux et se trouve être utilisé dans des contextes neutres.	[258] [259]
Kharkhuwa	Inde	Peuple assamais
Khokhol ( russe : Хохол )	Russie	Peuple ukrainien	Dérivé d’un terme désignant une coupe de cheveux traditionnelle de style cosaque.	[260]
Kike ou kyke	États-Unis	Peuple juif ashkénaze	Peut-être de kikel , Yiddish pour “cercle”. Les juifs immigrés qui ne savaient pas lire l’anglais signaient souvent des documents juridiques avec un «O» (semblable à un «X», auquel les Juifs s’opposaient parce que «X» symbolise également une croix).	[261]
Kimchi	Peuple coréen	[262]
Kiro	Turquie	Hommes kurdes	Un mot utilisé pour décrire les hommes grossiers et poilus, se réfère péjorativement aux Kurdes.	[263]
Équarrisseur	Irlande	Voyageurs irlandais	[264] [265]
Kolorad	Ukraine	les Russes	En référence au ruban russe de Saint-Georges dont la coloration rappelle les rayures du doryphore .	[266]
Kraut	Amérique du Nord, Commonwealth	les Allemands	Dérivé de la choucroute , utilisé plus particulièrement pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale .	[267]

L

Terme	Localisation ou origine	Cibles	Signification, origine et notes	Références
Labas	Russie	Peuple lituanien	Dérivé des salutations lituaniennes, labas rytas/laba diena/labas vakaras (“bonjour/jour/soir”)	[268]
Laowai	Chine	Étrangers	Signifie littéralement « ancien étranger ».
Lapon	Scandinavie	Peuple sami	Utilisé principalement par les Norvégiens et les Suédois. Le mot lui-même signifie “patch”. La “Laponie”, considérée comme non offensive, est également utilisée pour désigner le territoire sami connu sous le nom de “Sámpi” ou pour désigner le nom réel du comté le plus au nord de la Finlande .	[269]
Lebo, Leb	Australie	Une personne libanaise , généralement un Australien libanais .	[270]
Limey	États-Unis, Pays-Bas [ citation nécessaire ]	les Britanniques	Vient de la pratique navale britannique historique de donner des citrons verts aux marins pour conjurer le scorbut .	[271]
Criquet (蝗蟲)	Hong Kong	Peuple chinois continental	[272]
Londres	Indonésie	personne blanche	Couramment utilisé par les Javanais. Dérivé de « Belanda » (Pays-Bas).	[273]
Lubra	Femmes aborigènes d’Australie	[274]
Lugan	Peuple lituanien	[275] [276]
Lach/lyakh ( ukrainien : лях )	Ukraine, Russie	Polonais	Lach est un terme qui désignait à l’origine un représentant des tribus slaves vivant à peu près dans ce qui est aujourd’hui l’est de la Pologne et l’ouest de l’Ukraine, plus communément connu aujourd’hui sous le nom de Lendians , mais qui a ensuite été associé à toutes les tribus polonaises. Dans d’autres langues, Lach et les expressions dérivées sont neutres.	[277] [278]

M

Terme	Localisation ou origine	Cibles	Signification, origine et notes	Références
Mabuno/Mahbuno	Zimbabwe	Les Européens locaux méprisés, généralement les Africains blancs d’ascendance européenne .	[279]
Macaronaire	Roumanie	Peuple italien	Signifie approximativement ” mangeur/fabricant de macaronis “.	[280]
Singe Mayonnaise	États-Unis	personne blanche	Un terme couramment utilisé par les Noirs. Une personne au teint “mayonnaise”.	[281]
Macaca	L’Europe 	peuple africain	Utilisé à l’origine par les colons francophones d’Afrique du Nord, également utilisé en Europe contre les immigrants d’Afrique.	[282] [283]
Majus (مجوس)	péninsule arabique	peuple persan	Terme signifiant zoroastrien , mage , adorateur du feu .
Malakh-khor (ملخ خور)	Perse	peuple arabe	Signifiant “mangeur de sauterelles”, se référant à la consommation de sauterelles dans la cuisine arabe .	[284] [285] [286] [287] [288] [289]
Malaun	Bengladesh	Hindous	“Malaun” est dérivé du bengali মালাউন (maalaaun), qui à son tour est dérivé de l’arabe “ملعون” (mal’un), qui signifie “maudit” ou privé de la miséricorde de Dieu.	[290]
Malon	Indonésie	Peuple malais	Utilisé comme réponse au mot Indon . Malon est (principalement) un raccourci pour “Malaysia Bloon” (Malaisiens stupides).	[291]
Malingsia / Malingsial / Malingsialan	Indonésie	Malaisiens	signifie “voleur malaisien / voleur damné”, est un argot pour les malaisiens. À l’origine combiné à partir de 2 mots, “maling” (javanais, signifiant “voleur”) et “Malaisie”. Le peuple indonésien l’a utilisé en raison des revendications continues des cultures indonésiennes par la Malaisie.	[292]
Mangal / Mangue / Mangasar / Mangusta	Bulgarie	Roms	From Bulgarian “мангал” (mangal) – a type of pot. Some variants are derived from the similar-sounding loanwords “манго” (mango) – mango and “мангуста” (mangusta) – mongoose.	[293][294][295]
Marokaki (מרוקקי)	Israel	Moroccan Jewish people	Derived from “Maroko” (Hebrew pronunciation for “Morocco”) + “Kaki” (which means “shit”, “crap” in Hebrew slang).	[296]
Mau-Mau	United States	Black people	Originally referred to Kenyans of the Kikuyu tribe involved in the Mau Mau Rebellion in the 1950s.	[297]
Mayate/Mayatero	Black people	Literally the Spanish colloquial name of the Figeater beetle.	[298]
Meleis	Malaysia	Malay people	[299]
Mick	Irish people	[300]
Mocro	Dutch	Dutch-Moroccan people	[301]
Mof (singular) Moffen (plural)	Dutch	German people	[302]
Momo/Momos	India	Northeast Indians	Used on those that imply they are Chinese foreigners.	[95]
Monkey	Europe	Any dark-skinned people (usually towards black Americans, South Asians, and Papuans)	[303][304][305]
Moskal, Ukrainian: москаль, Polish: moskal, Russian: москаль, German: moskowiter	Ukraine, Belarus	Russians	Historically a neutral designation for a person from Muscovy, currently refers to Russians.	[306]
Mountain Turk	Turkey	Kurdish people	Former Turkish governments denied the Kurds their own ethnicity, calling them Mountain Turks (dağ Türkleri). Germans also used this word to describe Albanians, now it refers to the earlier.	[307][308]
Mulignan/Mulignon/Moolinyan	United States	Black people	Used by Italian-Americans. Deriving from “mulignana” the word for eggplant in some South Italian linguistic variants.[309] Also called a mouli.	[310][311][312]
Munt	Rhodesia, originally military	Black people, usually men	[313]
Mzungu	South-Eastern Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo	White people	May be both pejorative and affectionate, depending on usage

N

Term	Location or origin	Targets	Meaning, origin and notes	References
Nawar	Arabian Peninsula	Romani people	Arab term for Romani people and other groups sharing an itinerant lifestyle.
Neftenya / Neftegna / Naftenya / Naftegna	Ethiopia/Amharic	Amhara people	Literally means “rifle-bearer”, relates to 19th century Ethiopian history. Since 1975, used as inflammatory term by Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF, governing party) officials against Amharas; continued inflammatory/derogatory usage in 2020 online media two years after EPRDF loss of political power.	[314][315][316]
Němčour, nimchura (німчура), nemchura (немчура)	Slavic languages	German people	[317]
Nere	Bengali Hindus	Muslims	[318]
Niakoué	France	East or Southeast Asian people	A corrupted Vietnamese word with similar to “yokel”, “country bumpkin”, etc.	[319]
Niglet	Black children	[320]
Nig-nog or Nignog	Commonwealth	Black people	Originally used to refer to a novice–a foolish or naive person– before being associated with black people.	[321][322]
Nigger / Neeger (Estonia) /niger / nig / nigor / nigra / nigre (Caribbean) / nigar / niggur / nigga / niggah / niggar / nigguh / niggress / nigette / negro / neger (Dutch)	International/Worldwide	Black people	From the Spanish and Portuguese word negro (“black”), derived from the Latin niger. The Spanish or Portuguese term, or other such languages deriving the term from it such as Filipino, may vary in its connotation per country, where some countries, the connotation may range from either positive, neutral, or negative, depending on context. For example, in Spanish and Portuguese, it may simply refer to the color black. Among Spanish dialects in different countries, it may have either positive or negative connotations, such as describing someone similarly to my darling or my honey in Argentina, or describing someone to be angry in Spain.
Nigger toe	United States	Black people	A slur that is actually referring to a Brazil nut	[323]
Nip	United States, Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom	Japanese people	someone of Japanese descent (shortened version of Nipponese, from Japanese name for Japan, Nippon)	[324]
Nitchie / neche / neechee / neejee / nichi / nichiwa / nidge / nitchee / nitchy	Canada	Native Canadians	a Native American (from the Algonquian word for “friend”)	[325]
Non-pri, from Non-Pribumi	Indonesia	Indonesians of foreign descent, especially Chinese Indonesians	The term pribumi was coined after Indonesian independence to replace the derogatory Dutch term Inlander (“native”). “Non-pribumi,” often simply “non-pri,” was then used to refer to Indonesians of foreign descent and was generally considered to suggest that they were not full citizens. Use of both “pribumi” and “non-pribumi” by government departments was banned by President B.J. Habibie in 1998 according to Inpres (Instruksi Presiden, lit. President’s Instruction) 26/1998, along with instruction to stop discrimination by race in government.	[326]
Northern Monkey	United Kingdom	Northern English people	Used in the south of England, relating to the supposed stupidity and lack of sophistication of those in the north of the country. See also Southern Faerie. In some cases, this has been adopted in the north of England, with a pub in Leeds even taking the name “The Northern Monkey”.	[327][328]
Nusayri	Syria and the Levant	Members of the Alawite sect of Shi’a Islam.	Once a common and neutral term derived from the name of Ibn Nusayr, the sect’s founder, it fell out of favour within the community in the early decades of the 20th century due to the perception that it implied a heretical separateness from mainstream Islam. Resurgent in the context of the ongoing Syrian Civil War, the term is now often employed by Sunni fundamentalist enemies of the government of Bashar al-Assad, an Alawite, to suggest that the faith is a human invention lacking divine legitimacy.	[329][330]

O

Term	Location or origin	Targets	Meaning, origin and notes	References
Ofay	African American Vernacular	White people	Originates from the late 19th century. Origin unknown, suggestions include Yoruba ófé, “to disappear”, pig Latin for “foe” and French au fait, “socially proper”. According to academic Geneva Smitherman, “no longer derogatory”.	[331][332][333]
Oláh	Hungarian-speaking territories	Romanian people	Evolved to a pejorative term, originates from the historical designation of Romanians earlier the 19th century	[334]
Oreo	United States	Black people	Used as early as the 1960s. Refers to a black person who is perceived as acting white, and therefore black on the outside and white on the inside like an Oreo cookie.	[335][336][337]
Oven Dodger	Jewish people	Implying that one or one’s ancestors avoided dying in the Holocaust and so avoid the crematorium ovens.	[338]
Overner	United Kingdom, Isle of Wight	Mainland United Kingdom Residents	a term used by residents of the Isle of Wight, sometimes pejoratively, to refer to people from the mainland United Kingdom.	[339]

P

Term	Location or origin	Targets	Meaning, origin and notes	References
Paddy	United Kingdom	Irish people	Derived from Pádraig/Patrick. Often derogatory; however, Lord Edward FitzGerald, a major leader of the United Irishmen of 1798, was proclaimed by his Sister proudly “a Paddy and no more” and stated that “he desired no other title than this.”	[340][341][342]
Pajeet	United States	Indian people	An American term for an Indian man. Used as a derogatory and disparaging term in reference to racial stereotyping towards Indians. The implication makes fun of a typical Indian male’s name. Originated around late 2014 and early 2015.	[343]
Paki, Pakkis, Pak	United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Norway	Pakistanis, other South Asians, and sometimes Middle Eastern people	Shortened from “Pakistani.”	[344][345][346]
Palagi	Pacific Islands	White people	A Samoan term for a white person, found throughout the Pacific islands. Not usually derogatory unless used in reference to a local to imply they have assimilated into Western culture.	[347]
Paleface	Native Americans	White people	[348]
Pancake Face, Pancake	Asian people	[349]
Papoose	North America	Native American children	[350]
Pastel de flango	Brazil	East Asian people	Used mostly to refer to people of Chinese and Japanese origin. Pastel is Portuguese for any pastry and so is used for wonton in Brazil. Flango is eye dialect of frango (Portuguese for chicken) ridiculing Asian pronunciation.	[351][352][353]
Peckerwood	Southern African American people and Upper-class White people	Poor, rural White people	[354][355]
Peenoise	English-speaking Southeast Asia	Filipinos	Usually used in English or sometimes in Filipino (Tagalog) and other Philippine languages. Compound of pee + noise, likened to Pinoy, the colloquial diminutive demonym for Filipinos. The implication makes fun of their high-pitched voice and tendency to scream when speaking online, especially in online gaming and esports.	[356]
Perker	Denmark	Middle Eastern or Arab	[357][358]
Pepper or Pepsi	Canada	French Canadians or Québécois.	[359][360]
Petrol sniffer	Australia	Aboriginal people
Pickaninny	African American children	[361][362]
Piefke	Austria	Prussians and Germans
Pikey / piky / piker	United Kingdom	Irish Travellers, Romani people, and vagrant lower-class/poor people	Derived from “turnpike”. Irish Travellers. Romani people. Itinerant or vagrant lower-class or poor people. Sometimes used to refer to Irish people [19th century on].	[363]
Pindos / Pendos (Russian: Пиндос)	Russia	Americans	Universal disparaging term to refer to all Americans. Related slur terms can refer to the United States ─ such as Pindosiya, Pindostan (Russian: Пиндосия, Пиндостан) and United States of Pindosiya.	[364][365]
Plastic Paddy	Ireland	Estranged Irish People	Someone who knows little of Irish culture, but asserts their ‘Irish’ identity. Can refer to foreign nationals who claim Irishness based solely on having Irish relatives. Often used in the same sense as poseur and wannabe.	[366][367]
Pocho / pocha	Southwest United States, Mexico	adjective: Term for a person of Mexican heritage who is partially or fully assimilated into United States culture (literally, “diluted, watered down (drink); undersized (clothing)”). See also “Chicano.”	[368]
Polack, Polak, Polock	Polish or Slavic people	From the Polish endonym, Polak (see Name of Poland). Note: the proper Swedish demonym for Polish people is polack, and the Norwegian equivalent is polakk.	[369][370][371][372]
Polaco	Spain	Catalan people
Polaca	Brazil	Prostitute	In Brazilian Portuguese the word (meaning “Polish woman”) became synonymous to “prostitute”	[373]
Polentone	Italy	Northern Italians	Referring to them as a “polenta eater”.	[374]
Pom, Pohm, Pommy, Pommie, Pommie Grant	Australia, New Zealand, South Africa	British immigrants, usually English people.	[375]
Porch monkey	Black people	referring to perceived common behavior of groups hanging out on front porches or steps of urban apartment complexes in United States cities.	[376]
Porridge wog	Scots	[377]
Portagee	United States	Portuguese people	[378]
Potet	Norwegians	[379]
Prairie nigger	Native American	[380]
Prod	Northern Ireland	Northern Irish Protestants	[381]
Pshek	Russian	Polish males

Q

Term	Location or origin	Targets	Meaning, origin and notes	References
Quashie	Caribbean	Black people	Often used on those who were often gullible or unsophisticated. From the West African name Kwazi, often given to a child born on a Sunday.	[382][383][384][385]

R

Term	Location or origin	Targets	Meaning, origin and notes	References
Raghead	Arabs, Indian Sikhs, etc.	Derived from those people wearing traditional headdress such as turbans or keffiyehs. See towel head. Sometimes used generically for all Islamic nations.	[386][387]
Ramasamy	British-ruled Southern Africa	Indians, especially the southern ones who bear darker skin tone.	Ramasamy is a common South Indian name, mostly used by Tamil people. The racially-divided southern Africa was inhabited by a large number of indentured labourers from India of whom Tamils were a majority.	[388][389]
Rastus	United States	African Americans	A stereotypical term.	[390]
Razakars	Bengali	Akin to the western term Judas.	[391]
Redlegs	Barbados	White people	Used to refer to the islands’ laborer-class, given how pale skin tends to burn easily.	[392]
Redskin	Native Americans	Often used in the names of sports teams. See Native American name controversy.
Remove Kebab	Serbian Yugoslavs	Turks and Muslims	its organ is a Serbian music video that was recorded in 1993 during the Yugoslav Wars but the phrase has spread globally amongst far-right groups and the alt-right as a meme between 2006 and 2008. Famously Turkish internet user parodied the sentiment of Serbian nationalists online, with a satirical incoherent rant that ended with the phrase “remove kebab” being repeated. Although the meme initially intended to parody racism, this meaning behind the meme was lost once it became common in alt-right discourse.	[393]
Rosuke, Roske	Japanese	Russians	“suke/ske” is a Japanese general-purpose derogatory suffix.	[394][395]
Rooinek	South Africa	British people	Slang for a person of British descent.	[396]
Roto	Peru, Bolivia	Chilean people	Used to refer disdainfully. The term roto (“tattered”) was first applied to Spanish conquerors in Chile, who were badly dressed and preferred military strength over intellect.	[397]
Roundeye	English-speaking Asians	Non-Asians, especially White people	[398]
Russki, ruski (in Poland)	Russians, from Russian Русский Russkiy, meaning “Russian.”	[399]

S

Term	Location or origin	Targets	Meaning, origin and notes	References
Sambo	United States	African Americans or Black people	[400]
Sand nigger	United States	Arabian people	Mainly used due to the desert environment of most Arab countries. Equivalent of dune coon (above).	[401][402][145]
Sassenach	Scottish, Gaelic	English people	[403]
Sawney	England	Scottish people	Archaic term. Local variant of Sandy, short for “Alasdair”.	[404]
Scandihoovian	Scandinavian people living in the United States	Somewhat pejorative term for people of Scandinavian descent living in the United States, now often embraced by Scandinavian descendants.	[405][406][407][408]
Seppo, Septic	Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom	American people	Cockney rhyming slang: Septic tank – Yank	[409]
Schvartse, Schwartze	Yiddish or German speakers	African people	Literally translates to “black”.	[410]
Sheboon	United States	Black women	[411]
Sheeny	United States	Jewish people	a 19th-century term for an “untrustworthy Jew”.	[412]
Sheepshagger	Australia United Kingdom	New Zealanders Welsh people	[413][414]
Shelta	Ireland	Irish Travellers	Derived from siúilta, which means “The Walkers” in Irish.
Shiksa (female), Shegetz (male)	Yiddish speakers	Non-Jewish children	[415][416]
Shine	United States	Black people	Derived from shoeshiner, a lowly job many black people had to take.	[417]
Shiptar	Former Yugoslavia	Albanian people	From misspelled Albanian endonym “Shqiptar”.	[418]
Shkije	Gheg Albanian	Serbs, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Bosniaks	Stranger.	[419]
Shkutzim (Yiddish, plural)	Yiddish speakers (plural)	Non-Jewish men	Used especially on those perceived to be anti-Semitic. Cf. Shegetz, Shiksa.	[420]
Shkutor Croatian: Škutor	Croatia	West-Herzegovinan Croatian people	[421]
Shylock	Jewish people perceived as greedy or usurious	From the antagonistic character of Shylock, a Jewish money-lender, in William Shakespeare’s play The Merchant of Venice.	[422]
Siamtue (Thai: เซียมตือ, Min Nan Chinese: 暹豬)	Thai Chinese	Central Thai people (usually include Mons)	literally: Siamese pig; Low and vile likes pigs, easy to fatten and slaughter.	[423]
Sideways vagina/pussy/cooter	Asian women, particularly Chinese women.	[424]
Skinny	United States	Somali people	A term most commonly used for Somali militia fighters	[425]
Skopianoi	Greece	Ethnic Macedonians	derived from Skopje, the capital city of North Macedonia.	[426][427]
Skip, Skippy	Australia	An Australian, especially one of British descent	Derived from the children’s television series Skippy the Bush Kangaroo.	[428]
Slant, slant–eye	East Asian people	In reference to the appearance of the eyes.	[429]
Slope, slopehead, slopy, slopey, sloper	Australia, United Kingdom, and United States	Asian people (especially Vietnamese in Australia; especially Chinese in America)	Also slant, slant–eye.	[430][431][432]
Snowflake	United States	White people	Mostly used in this context in the 19th and 20th centuries	[433]
Smoked Irish/Smoked Irishman	United States	Black people	a 19th-century term intended to insult both blacks and Irish but used primarily for black people.	[382]
Somdeang (โสมแดง)	Thailand	North Koreans	literally: red ginseng. (see also Somkhao)	[434][435]
Somkhao (โสมขาว)	Thailand	South Koreans	literally: white ginseng. (see also Somdeang)	[435]
Soosmar-khor: (سوسمار خور)	Persia	Arabian people	Persian for “lizard eater,” referring to the eating of lizards in Arab cuisine.	[436][437][438]
Sooty	United States	Black people	Originated in the 1950s.	[439]
Southern Faerie, Southern Fairy	United Kingdom	Southern English people	Used in the North of England to refer to someone from the South, alluding to their supposed mollycoddled ways. (see also Northern Monkey)	[440]
Soutpiel	South Africa	White English speakers	an Afrikaans term abbreviated as “Soutie” and translates as “Salt-penis,” it derives from the Boer Wars where it was said that British soldiers had one foot in the United Kingdom, one foot in South Africa, and their penis dangled in the Atlantic Ocean (filled with saltwater).	[441]
Spade	Black people	Recorded since 1928 (OED), from the playing cards suit.	[442]
Spearchucker	Africans, African Americans	Derived from the idea that people of African descent were primitive.	[443]
Spic, spick, spik, spig, or spigotty	United States	Hispanic people	First recorded use in 1915. Believed to be a play on a Spanish-accented pronunciation of the English word speak. May apply to Spanish speakers in general.	[444][445][446][447][448]
Spook	Black people	Attested from the 1940s.	[449][450]
Squarehead	Nordic people, such as Scandinavians or Germans.	Refers to either the stereotyped shape of their heads, or to the shape of the Stahlhelm M1916 steel helmet, or to its owner’s stubbornness (like a block of wood).	[451]
Squaw	United States and Canada	Native American women	Derived from lower East Coast Algonquian (Massachusett: ussqua), which originally meant “young woman”.	[452][453]
Swamp Guinea	Italian people	[454]
Szkop, skopčák	Poland, Czech Republic	German people	The Polish term was particularly often used for Wehrmacht soldiers during World War II.	[455]
Szwab	Poland	German people	Derived from Swabia. See also: Fritz	[456]

T

Term	Location or origin	Targets	Meaning, origin and notes	References
Tacohead	Mexican people	This phrase is uttered by Willem Dafoe’s character (Charlie) in the film Born on the Fourth of July.	[457]
Taffy or Taff	United Kingdom	Welsh people	First used ca. 17th century. From the River Taff or the Welsh pronunciation of the name David (in Welsh, Dafydd).	[458]
Taig (also Teague, Teg and Teig)	United Kingdom (primarily Northern Ireland)	Irish nationalists	Used by loyalists in Northern Ireland for members of the nationalist/Catholic/Gaelic community. Derived from the Irish name Tadhg, often mistransliterated as Timothy.	[459][460]
Tanka	China	Tanka people	A name for a distinct ethnic group traditionally living in boats off the shore of South China. Originally descriptive (“Tan”/”Tang” is a Cantonese term for boat or junk and “ka” means family or peoples, Chinese: 蜑家; Cantonese Yale: Daahn gā / Dahng gā), the term Tanka is now considered derogatory and no longer in common use. The people concerned prefer to call themselves by other names, such as ‘Nam Hoi Yan’ (Chinese: 南海人; Cantonese Yale: Nàamhóiyàn; lit. ‘People of The Southern Sea’) or ‘Sui Seung Yan’ (Chinese: 水上人; pinyin: shuǐshàng rén; Cantonese Yale: Séuiseuhngyàn; lit. ‘People Born on The Waters’), and other more polite terms.	[461][462][463][464][465][466][467][468][469]
Tar-Baby	United States	Black children	Also used to refer without regard to race to a situation from which it is difficult to extricate oneself. See tar baby.	[470]
Teapot	Black people	Originates from the 19th century.	[471][382]
Terrone	Italy	Southern Italian people.
Teuchter	Southern Scotland	Northern Scottish people	Used to refer to somebody from the north of Scotland or rural Scottish areas.	[472]
Thicklips	United Kingdom	Black people	[382]
Tibla	Estonia	Russian or Soviet people	In widespread use by the Estonian War of Independence, this word was forbidden under the Soviet occupation of Estonia. It may be a shortened corruption of Vitebski, workers from the Vitebsk Governorate during World War I who were seen as dumb. It may also come from the Russian profane addressing “ty, blyad,” “ты, блядь” (“you bitch”, and the like [a]) or, truncated, “ty, blya,” “ты, бля.	[473][474]
Timber nigger	Native Americans	Refers to the Native Americans on the East coast living in areas that were heavily forested.	[475]
Timur	Syrian people from Damascus	Refers to the children born of the mass rapes that the Turco-Mongol Tatar soldiers of Timur committed against the Syrian women of Damascus in the Siege of Damascus (1400).	[476]
Ting tong	United Kingdom	Chinese people or East Asians.	[477]
Tinker / tynekere / tinkere / tynkere, -are / tynker / tenker / tinkar / tyncar / tinkard / tynkard / tincker	Britain and Ireland	Lower-class people	An inconsequential person (typically lower-class) (note that in Britain, the term “Irish Tinker” may be used, giving it the same meaning as example as directly below)
Scotland and Ireland	Romani people	origin unknown – possibly relating to one of the ‘traditional’ occupations of Romanis as traveling ‘tinkerers’ or repairers of common household objects	[478]
Scotland	Native Scottish people	A member of the native community; previously itinerant (but mainly now settled); who were reputed for their production of domestic implements from basic materials and for repair of the same items, being also known in the past as “travelling tinsmiths,” possibly derived from a reputation for rowdy and alcoholic recreation. Often confused with Romani people.
Toad	United States	Black people	Prison slang.	[479]
Towel head	Turban wearers	Often refers specifically to Sikhs, or Arabs and Muslims—based on the traditional keffiyeh headdress. However, in British English, the term is only used to refer to Arabs. Americans use the term ‘rag-head’ to apply to wearers of turbans as well, because the cloth that makes a turban could be described as a rag, but in British English the term towel-head solely refers to Arabs because the traditional, Middle Eastern keffiyeh, such as the red and white Saudi one or the black and white Palestinian keffiyeh worn by Yasser Arrafat, resemble the most common styles of British tea-towels – dishcloth in American – while Sikh turbans do not.	[480][481][482][483][484][485]
Touch of the tar brush	Commonwealth	White people with suspected non-white ancestry	Phrase for a person of predominantly Caucasian ancestry with real or suspected African or Asian distant ancestry.	[when defined as?][486]
Turco-Albanian	Western Europe, Balkans	Muslim Albanians	Historically used in Western Europe and still in use within the Balkans to refer to Muslim Albanians. In the Greek language, the expression is rendered as Turkalvanoi.	[487]
Turco	Brazil, Chile, Argentina	Syrians, Palestinians, Lebanese, Jews, Armenians	Meaning “Turk” in Portuguese and Spanish. The term originated in the late 19th century to refer those who came to Brazil, Argentina and Chile from the Ottoman Empire. Since Jews (both Sephardic and Ashkenazi) frequently occupied the same roles as peddlers as Syrians and Lebanese (who were the majority of those with Ottoman passports in Brazil), they were also called “turcos” in Brazil. Ironically, there was no relevant immigration of ethnic Turks to Brazil.	[488][489][490]
Turk	South Wales	Llanelli residents	The origin of this term is uncertain; some theories suggest it due to Llanelli’s popularity with Turkish sailors in the late 19th to early 20th century or possibly when Turkish migrants heading for the United States stopped in Llanelli and decided to settle due to there being jobs available. However, most likely it’s due to the fact that during World War One there was a trade embargo in place during Gallipoli, but Llanelli continued to trade tin with the Turkish; this led to people from neighbouring Swansea and other surrounding areas referring to them as Turks.	[491]
Twinkie:	United States	European Americans, Asian Americans	European Americans with few or no social or genealogical links to an indigenous tribe, who claims to be Native American, particularly a New Age practitioner purporting to be a spiritual leader, healer, or medicine man/woman ( see also Plastic shaman). Also an Asian American who has become assimilated into mainstream American culture ( See Banana, Coconut, and Twinkie).[36]	[492][493][494]

U

Term	Location or origin	Targets	Meaning, origin and notes	References
Ukrop	Russians	Ukrainians	A disparaging term which means “dill” in Russian and Ukrainian, itself derived from “Ukrainian”<->Ukrop.	[495][266]
Uncle Tom	United States	Black people	Refers to Black people perceived as behaving in a subservient manner to white authority figures.	[496]

V

Term	Location or origin	Targets	Meaning, origin and notes	References
Vatnik, Vatnyk, Vata	European post-Soviet states	Russians, particularly those espousing jingoist or chauvinist views or considered to be such, as well as Ukrainians with pro-Russian views.	A vatnik is a cheap cotton-padded jacket.	[497][498]
Veneco	South America	Venezuelans	[499]

W

Term	Location or origin	Targets	Meaning, origin and notes	References
Wagon burner	Native American people	A reference to when Native American tribes would attack wagon trains during the wars in the eastern American frontier.	[500]
Wasi’chu, Wasichu	Lakota people, Dakota people	Non-Native White people	Word for a non-Native white person, meaning “the one who takes the best meat for himself.”	[501]
West Brit	Ireland	Irish people	Directed at Irish people perceived as being insufficiently Irish or too Anglophilic.	[502][503]
Wetback	United States	Undocumented immigrants	Refers to illegal immigrant residing in the United States. Originally applied specifically to Mexican migrant workers who had illegally crossed the United States border via the Rio Grande river to find work in the United States, its meaning has since broadened to anyone who illegally enters the United States through its southern border.	[504]
White ears	Nauru	White people	[505]
White interloper	White people	Refers to a white person who becomes involved in a place or situation where they are not wanted or are considered not to belong.	[506]
Wigger / Whigger / Wigga (White Nigger)	United States	Irish people	Used in 19th-century United States to refer to the Irish. Sometimes used today in reference to white people in a manner similar to white trash or redneck. Also refers to white youth that imitate urban black youth by means of clothing style, mannerisms, and slang speech. Also used by radical Québécois in self-reference, as in the seminal 1968 book White Niggers of America.	[507]
White trash	United States	Poor White people	Common usage from the 1830s by black house slaves against white servants.	[508]
Whitey	White people	[509]
Wog	Commonwealth	Dark-skinned foreigners	Any swarthy or dark-skinned foreigner. Possibly derived from “golliwogg.” In Western nations, it usually refers to dark-skinned people from Asia or Africa, though some use the term to refer to anyone outside the borders of their own country.	[510]
Australia	Southern Europeans, Mediterraneans	Usually used to refer to Southern Europeans and Mediterraneans (Italians, Croatians, Greeks, Albanians, Spaniards, Lebanese, and others). It has become reappropriated by the cultures that it is commonly used to describe, but is still controversial.	[511]
Wop	United States, Canada, United Kingdom	Italian people	Derived from the Italian dialectism, “guappo,” close to “dude, swaggerer” and other informal appellations, a greeting among male Neapolitans.	[512][513]

X

Term	Location or origin	Targets	Meaning, origin and notes	References
Xiao Riben	China	Japanese people
Xing Ling	Brazil	Chinese people	Chinese products or low-quality products in general. Sometimes used to refer to Chinese people as well. Etymologically, this term is said to be derived from Mandarin 星零 xing ling (“zero stars”).	[514]

Y

Term	Location or origin	Targets	Meaning, origin and notes	References
Yam yam	United Kingdom	Black Country residents	Term used by people from Birmingham	[515]
Yanacona	Term used by modern Mapuche as an insult for Mapuches considered to be subservient to non-indigenous Chileans, “sellout.” Use of the word “yanacona” to describe people have led legal action in Chile.	[516]
Yank	British English speakers	Americans	A contraction of “Yankee” below, first recorded in 1778 and employed internationally by speakers of British English in informal reference to all Americans generally.	[517]
Yankee	Dutch speakers	Americans	Possibly from Janke (“Johnny”) or a dialectical variant of Jan Kaas (“John Cheese”). First applied by the Dutch colonists of New Amsterdam to Connecticuters and then to other residents of New England, “Yankee” remains in use in the American South in reference to Northerners, often in a mildly pejorative sense. Outside the US, especially in Spain and South America, used to describe all citizens of the US, regardless of which part of the US they come from.	[517]
Yellow	Asian people	An East or southeast Asian person, in reference to those who have a yellowish skin color.	[518]
Mixed Ethnic people	Anyone of mixed heritage, especially black or white people; a light-skinned black person, or a dark-skinned white person.	[518]
Yid	Jewish people	Derived from its use as an endonym among Yiddish-speaking Jews.	[519]
Yuon	Cambodia	Vietnamese people	The Cambodian word “Yuon” (yuôn) យួន /juən/ is derived from the Indian word for Greek, “Yavana.” It can also be spelled as “Youn.”	[520][521]

Z

Term	Location or origin	Targets	Meaning, origin and notes	References
Zip, Zipperhead	United States	Asian people	Used by American military personnel during the Korean War and Vietnam War. Also seen in the films Platoon, Apocalypse Now, Full Metal Jacket, Premium Rush, Romeo Must Die, and Gran Torino.	[522][523][524]
Zuca, Brazuca	Portugal	Brazilians	Short for Brazuca, derived from “Brasil”, used by portuguese people to refer to brazilians living in Portugal.	[525][526]
Zhyd, zhid, zhydovka, zhidovka	East Slavic language speakers	Jewish people	Originally neutral (as in other Slavic languages), but became pejorative as debate over the Jewish question and the antisemitism in the Russian Empire intensified in the end of the 19th century. While still in official use during the Ukrainian War of Independence and the short-lived Belarusian Democratic Republic, its use was banned by the Soviet authorities, which had previously been campaigning against its usage, in the 1930s. The usage of the word “żyd” in Polish depends on capitalisation and grammatical form: upper-case Żyd is neutral and denotes Jews in general or Jews as a nationality; the lower-case form (żyd, plural: żydzi) denotes a follower of Judaism and, while neutral, is discouraged as it may be confused with the insult “żyd” (plural: żydy), referring to Jews themselves or to greedy people, or both.	[527][528]

See also

• Category:Sex- and gender-related slurs
• Fighting words
• Graphic pejoratives in written Chinese
• Hate speech
• List of anti-cultural, anti-national, and anti-ethnic terms
• List of disability-related terms with negative connotations
• List of ethnic group names used as insults
• List of ethnic slurs by ethnicity
• List of LGBT slang terms
• List of regional nicknames
• List of religious slurs
• List of terms used for Germans
• Lists of pejorative terms for people
• Term of disparagement
• Xenophobia and racism related to the COVID-19 pandemic
• wikt:Category:English ethnic slurs
• Wiktionary category: English derogatory terms
• wikt:Appendix:English terms for outsiders

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Bibliography

• Ayto, John; Simpson, John (2010). Oxford Dictionary of Modern Slang. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-923205-5.
• Dalzell, Tom (11 May 2018). The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-351-76520-6.
• Doane, Ashley W.; Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo, eds. (2003). White Out: The Continuing Significance of Racism. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-93583-8. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
• Green, Jonathon (2005). Cassell’s Dictionary of Slang. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-304-36636-1.
• Moore, Bruce, ed. (2004). The Australian Oxford Dictionary. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-551796-5.
• Partridge, Eric (2006a). The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English: A-I. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-25937-8.
• Partridge, Eric (2006b). The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English: J-Z. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-25938-5.
• Rawson, Hugh (1989). Wicked Words: a treasury of curses, insults, put-downs, and other formerly unprintable terms from Anglo-Saxon times to the present. New York: Crown Publishers. ISBN 978-0-517-57334-1.
• Spears, Richard A. (1990). Forbidden American English. Passport Books.
• Spears, Richard A. (2001). Slang and Euphemism: A Dictionary of Oaths, Curses, Insults, Ethnic Slurs, Sexual Slang and Metaphor, Drug Talk, College Lingo, and Related Matters. Signet. ISBN 978-0-451-20371-7.
• Wilkes, G. A. (1978). A Dictionary of Australian Colloquialisms. Sydney: Fontana/Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-635719-3.

Further reading

• Burchfield, Robert. “Dictionaries and Ethnic Sensibilities.” In The State of the Language, ed. Leonard Michaels and Christopher Ricks, University of California Press, 1980, pp. 15–23.
• Croom, Adam M. “Racial Epithets: What We Say and Mean by Them”. Dialogue 51 (1):34–45 (2008)
• Henderson, Anita. “What’s in a Slur?” American Speech, Volume 78, Number 1, Spring 2003, pp. 52–74 in Project MUSE
• Kennedy, Randall. Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word (Pantheon, 2002)
• Mencken, H. L. “Designations for Colored Folk.” American Speech, 1944. 19: 161–74.
• Wachal, Robert S. “Taboo and Not Taboo: That Is the Question.” American Speech, 2002. vol. 77: 195–206.

Dictionaries

• Erin McKean, ed. The New Oxford American Dictionary, second edition. (Oxford University Press, 2005)
• Eric Partridge, A Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English (2002)
• John A. Simpson, Oxford English Dictionary Additions Series. ISBN 0-19-861299-0
• Catherine Soanes and Angus Stevenson, ed. The Concise Oxford English Dictionary. (Oxford University Press, 2004)